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5950 Part 2-1992 PDF

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5950 Part 2-1992 PDF

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damith
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BRITISH STANDARD Structural use of steelwork in building Part 2. Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot rolled sections Aciers de construction Stahlkonstrucktion im Bauwesen Partie 2. Matériaux, mise en oeuvre et ‘Teil2, Warmgewalater Profstahl; Werkstof, ‘montage: proflés laminés a chaud ~ Herstellung, Montage Spécifications SASSI TTT BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1992 tw i BS 5950: Part 2: 1992 ———————— Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee (CSB/-) to ‘Technical Committee CSB/27, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Industrial Fasteners Federation British Railways Board British Stee! Industry Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Construction Industries Directorate) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Struetural Engineers Royal Institute of British Architects Steel Construction Institution Welding Institute ‘This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction ofthe Civil Engneening and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee, was published Amendments issued since publication under the authonty of the pS a Standards Board and comesinto Amd, No. | Date effect on 31 March 1962 © pst 1982 7766 [30643 | Week + ‘The following BSI references — _ 7 relate wo the work om this standard Committee reference CSB/27. Draft for comment 91/13070 DC ISBN 0 580 20427 8 BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1992 Page ‘Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword, 3 Specification Section 1. General 1.1 Scope Definitions Section 2. Materials 2.1 Structural steel 2.1.1 Structural steels complying with the requirements of British Standards 2.1.2. Structural steels complying with the requirements of other specifications 2.1.3: Structural steelwork designed in accordance with the plastic theory 2.14 Hot rolled sections 2.1.5 Thickness tolerances of plates and flats 2.1.6 Laminar defects 2.1.7 Inspection and testing 2.1.8 Marking 2.2 Bolts, nuts and washers 2.2.1 Ordinary bolts 2.2.2 Plain washers 2.2.3 High strength friction grip fasteners 2.3 Welding consumables 2.4 Steel castings and forgings 2.5 Concrete and reinforcement 2.6 Grout 2.6.1 Cement based grouts 2.6.2 Special grouts 7 Other materials Section 3. Fabrication 3.1 General 3.2 Identification 3.3 Cutting 3.4 Holing 3.4.1 General 3.4.2 Ordinary bolts 3.4.3 High strength friction grip fasteners 3.5 Contact surfaces of high strength friction grip connections. 3.6 _ Joints in compression Section 4. Assembly 4.1 General Welding Bolting High strength friction grip fasteners used in the pre-tensioned condition ‘Marking for erection Protective treatment BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1992 Section 5. Erection a 5.1 Delivery storage and handling u 5.2 Erection of structural steelwork uw 6.3 Alignment Ww 5.4 Accuracy of construction uw 5.5 Protective treatment: site application u Section 6. Supports and foundations 6.1 Positioning and setting in of foundation bolts 12 6.2 Packings 12 6.3 Bedding and grouting up of structures 12 6.3.1 Preparation 12 6.3.2. Bedding stanchions in pocket bases 12 6.8.3 Encasing steelwork in foundations 12 Section 7. Tolerances — 7.1 General 13 7.2 Fabrication tolerances 13 7.2.1 Cross section: rolled sections 13 7.2.2. Cross section: built-up members 13 723 Tolerance on web plates: built-up members 13 7.24 Tolerance on shape of built-up box sections 13 7.2.5 Length 13 7.2.6 Straightness 13 7.2.7 Camber 13 7.2.8 Squareness 18 7.2.9 Flatness for contact bearing 15 7.2.10 Verticality of web at supports 15 78 — Erection tolerances 15 7.3.1 Connection to concrete elements 15 7.3.2, Column bases 15 7.3.3. Plumbing and alignment of columns 15 7.3.4 Position in plan of members 15 73.5 Levels 15 Appendix ~ A___ General recommendations for steelwork tenders and contracts 16 | tes SSS a 1 Performance requirements for structural steelwork 6 | 2__ Appropriate product grades corresponding to BS 5050 design grades 7 a 1 Flange out-of-square 14 2 Flatness of web plates u 3___Deviation from verticality 15 BSI BS*S950: PART*2 OL MM 2624665 0362959 922 BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1992 —— Foreword ‘This Part of BS 5950 has been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee. This Part of BS 5950 replaces BS 5950 : Part 2: 1985 which is withdrawn. BS 5950 is a document combining codes of practice to cover the design, construction and fire protection of steel structures and specifications for materials, workmanship and erection. ‘This edition introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. In publishing this new edition, the opportunity has been taken to incorporate the text of Amendment No. 1, published in November 1990, to BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1985. ‘The changes introduced in this new edition are indicated by a single side line in the margin of the page. BS 5950 comprises the following Parts: Part | Code of practice for design in simple|and continuous construction: hot rolled sections Part 2. Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot rolled sections Part 3. Design in composite construction Section 3.1 Code of practice for design of simple and continuous composite beams ” Section 3.2 Code of practice for design of composite columns and frames Part 4 Code of practice for design of floors with profiled steel sheeting 1 Part 5 Code of practice for design of cold formed sections Part 6 Code of practice for design in light gauge sheeting, decking and cladding Part 7 Specification for materials and workmanship: cold formed sections | Part 8 Code of practice for fire resistant design Part 9” Code of practice for stressed skin design Ithas been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. In preparation. BS 5950: Part 992 Section 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS 5950 specifies requirements for the materials, fabrication and erection, in hot rolled sections, of structural steelwork in building. ‘The special requirements pertaining to the design and testing of steel overhead runway beams are not included and reference should be made to BS 2863. ‘The requirements given in this Part apply to the fabrication and erection of the steelwork but the ‘engineer undertaking the design needs to be aware of those items which will affect the design Guidance on inspection and testing is given in A.B. Where the person controlling the works is named as the architect then ‘responsible architect’ is to be read for ‘engineer’ in this standard, Any reference to drawings is to be taken as those drawings prepared by ‘or approved by the engineer. NOTE 1. The requirements specified here whist suitable for inclusion in contract documents, may need to be mexified to align ‘wn specie needs [NOTE 2. The titles of the publications referred to inthis standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 5950, the following definitions apply. 1.2.1 Design grade Designation used to define specific performance requirements of the material for design purposes in BS 5950 : Part 1 1.2.2 Product grade Designation used to define mechanical and chemical properties and manufacturing requirements of the material as specified in the appropriate product standard. Section 2 BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1992 SS Section 2. Materials 2.1 Structural steel 2.1.1 Structural steel complying with the requirements of British Standards Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, all hot rolled structural steel products (except for steel! reinforcement in concrete) shall be of weldable quality and shall comply with the relevant British Standard as follows: BS 4360 BS EN 10025 (grade Fe’360, Fe 430 or Fe 510 only). Rimming steel shall not be used. NOTE |. The reference to rimming see affects BS EN 10025 grades Fe 360A and Fe 360 only. ‘The appropriate product grade for any product, corresponding to the specified design grade in BS 5950 ; Part, shall be obtained from table 2. NOTE 2. Certain product grades do not have a specified maximum franganese content or are not spied with carbon equivalent value (GEV) options. Additonal requirements may therefore ced to be specified and agreed atthe time of order (see 4.2) 2.1.2 Structural steels complying with the requirements of other specifications Where the engineer requires steels to be supplied complying with standards other than those specified in 2.1.1, the performance requirements listed in table 1 shail be determined in accordance with one of the specifications given in 2.1.1 2.1.3 Structural steelwork designed in accordance with the plastic theory Where structural steelwork is to be designed in accordance with the plastic theory, the steel used shall comply with 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 and shall comply with the additional requirements for stee! in structures designed by the plastic theory given in table 1 2.1.4 Hot rolled sections Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, hot rolled. sections shall comply with BS 4 and BS 4848 as appropriate. Where sections complying with other specifications are used, their dimensional tolerances, shall comply with BS 4 and BS 4848, 2.1.5 Thickness tolerances of plates and flats ‘The thickness tolerances for plates, flats and wide Nats, shall be the normal thickness tolerances specified in BS EN 10025 or BS 4360, as appropriate. NOTE, Tolerances of plates supplied to BS 4360 : 1985 (see note 5 of table 2) may be to elther BS 4960: 1986 or BS EN 10026 atthe | supplier's option. 2.1.6 Laminar defects In the areas specified on the drawings the material shall be tested for laminations in accordance with BS 5996. iS 4360 1986 was superseded by 83 4960: 1990 2.1.7 Inspection and testing ‘Structural steels for use in design to BS 5950 : Part 1 shall receive specific inspection’ and testing in ‘accordance with the supply standard, and documentation demonstrating compliance shall be provided. NOTE. Specific testing of the material has tobe requested athe time ofthe enquy and order. ‘The steel supplier shall supply @ certificate of test and inspection endorsed by the steel manufacturer, stating the process of manufacture and giving the product grade, the ladle analysis and the results of each of the mechanical tests applicable to the material supplied ‘The certificate shall indicate the numbers or identification marks of the casts to which it applies, corresponding to the numbers to be found on the material supplied. In the case of sections with flanges, the certificate shall indicate whether the sample for west purposes was taken from the web or the flange. 2.1.8 Marking Steel supplied from the manufacturer or merchant shall be marked in accordance with the requirements ‘of the: approptiace product specification, Other marking shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 3.2. 2.2 Bolts, nuts and washers 2.2.1 Ordinary bolts Ordinary bolts and nuts shall comply with BS 3692, BS 4190, BS 4395 - Part 1 or BS 4933 as appropriate. Nats shall be ofa least the strength grade appropriate to the grade of bolt or other threaded element with ‘which they are used 2.2.2 Plain washers Plain washers fr use with ordinary bolts and nuts shall comply with BS #320, 2.23 High strength friction grip fasteners Unless othersise specified by the engineer, high Strength friction giip bots, nuts and washers shall comply with BS 4995. Where other types of high Strength fiction grip fasteners are used, they shall have mnechanies! properties silar to bolts complying with BBS 4395 ane capable of being tightened t0 the trinimum shank (ension specified in BS 4604, 2.3 Welding consumables A ‘All welding consumables used forthe metal are welding of steels complying with 2.1 shall comply with | BSSISE. All welding consumables used forthe fusion welding of steel castings shall comply with BS 4570. BS 5950: Part 2: 1992 Table 1. Performance requirements for structural steelwork temperature (see 2.1.1) Performance ‘Specified by ‘Additional requirements for steel in structures requirement ‘designed by the plastic theory. Minimum yield strength | Upper yield strength (Reus) RefRe = 12 Minimum tensile Tensile strength (Rex) strength Notch toughness Minimum average Charpy V-notch | None impact test energy at specified Ductility Elongation in a specified gauge Stress-strain diagram to have a plateau length at yield stress extending for at least six times the yield strain ‘The elongation on a gauge length of 5.65VS, is not to be less than 15 % where S, is as given in BS EN 1002-1 Weldability ‘Maximum carbon equivalent value | None (see 4.2) Quality: Surface See the relevant British None oo Standard from the list in 2.1.1 Internal Welding consumables used with other grades of steel, shall be selected to ensure that the performance requirements specified in table 1 are complied with. Unless otherwise approved by the engineer, the welding consumables and procedures used shall be such that the mechanical properties of deposited weld. metal are not less than the respective minimum values for the parent metal being welded. 2.4 Steel castings and forgings Steel castings and forgings shall comply with BS 3100 and BS 29 respectively and shall only be used when the use of such materials is unlikely to be detrimental. 2.5 Concrete and reinforcement ‘The properties and design strengths of concrete and reinforcement shall be obtained by reference to the relevant recommendations of BS 8110. 2.6 Grout 2.6.1 Cement based grouts Cement based grouts used for bedding steel bases or bearing plates on concrete foundations shall be of one of the following forms. (a) Neat Portland cement of a thickness not exceeding 25 mm. The grout shall be mixed as thickly as possible consistent with fluidity and shall be poured under a suitable head so that the space is completely filled, (bo) Fluid Pordand cement mortar of a thickness between 25 mm and 50 mm, The mortar shall not be leaner than 1:1 cement to fine aggregate and shall be mixed as thickly as possible consistent with fluidity. The mortar shall then be poured under a suitable head and tamped until the space has been completely filled. (©) Dry as possible Portland cement mortar of thickness not less than 50 mm. The mortar shall not be leaner than 1:2 cement to fine aggregate and shall be consolidated by thoroughly ramming with a suitable blunt rammer against properly fixed supports until the space has been completely fille. 2.6.2 Special grouts Where specified by the engineer, the following special grouts may be used: (@) mortar or fine concrete containing suitable admixtures, including the used of expanding additives to avoid shrinkage: (©) expanding grout; (©) resin based grout. 2.7 Other materials Where other materials are used in conjunction with structural steelwork, they shall comply with the appropriate British Standard, Section 2 Design grade | Product form Sections other than Plates, wide fats, Flats, round and Hollow hollow sections?” strip? square bars?” sections 438A, Fe 430 A" Fe 430 A” Fe 430 A” * or Fe 430 B or Fe 430 B or 430 B 438 Fe 430 B Fe 430 B Fe 430 B “ 43B(T) Fe 430 B® Fe 430 BY Fe 430 ‘ 430 Fe 430 Fe 430 C Fe 430 C 430° 43D Fe 430 D. Fe 430 D Fe 430 D 43D° 43DD 43DD* 2 ° ‘ 43E ’ 2 436" * 43EE ’ 43EE" ° 43EE° 50A Fe 510 A” Fe 510A” Fe 5104” * or Fe 510 B or Fe 510 B or Fe 510 B 50B Fe 510B Fe 510B Fe 510B * 50B(T) Fe 510 B® Fe 510 BY Fe 510 B® ° 50C Fe 510C Fe 510C Fe 510C 500% 50D. Fe 510D Fe 510D Fe 510D. 50D® s0DD Fe 510 DD Fe 510 DD Fe 510 DD o 50E 50E° “ 50E io 50EE ” S0EE* a 50EE? 50F . 50F° ” * 55C 550" 550% 560" BBC 55EE ° 55EE" 55EE" 55EE? 55F * oF" ° 55F° WR50A, {ie WR50B All product forms } WR50B” WR50C WR5OC* | Unless shown otherwise, grades inthis product form are supplied in accordance with BS EN 10025. Products certified as complying with BS 4360 having the same grade designation as the BS 6960 design grade designation are permitted alternatives ‘vGrades Fe 430 A and Fe 610A are supplied in accordance with BS EN 10025 annex D, Non-conflicting national additions. “Grades inthis product form are not inchuded in ether BS EN 10025 or BS 4360 For design grades 498(T) and S0B(T), verification ofthe impact properties of quality B by testing shall be specified under option 7 ‘of BSEN 10025 atthe time ofthe enquiry and order ‘These grades are supplied in accordance with BS 4360 Part 2: 1992 jection 3 Section 3. Fabrication 3.1 General Fabricated structural steelwork shall be within the tolerances specified in section 7. Any necessary straightening or forming shall be carried out so as not to deface or weaken the material. 3.2 Identification At all stages of fabrication, structural steel members shall be positively identified by a suitable marking scheme. For the purposes of marking for erection, every part shall be marked with a durable and distinguishing mark in such a way as not to damage the material. Hard stamping shall be permitted except where otherwise specified by the engineer: Where areas of steelwork are indicated on the drawings as being unmarked they shall be left free of all markings and hard stamping 3.3 Cutting Cutting shall be by sawing, shearing, cropping, or machine or hand flame cutting. Hand flame cutting shall be used only where it is impractical to use machine flame cutting and for notching, or for the ‘completion of the formation of slotted holes. Cut edges shall be true to profile and be free from major notches and cutting serrations and shall be dressed where necessary, 3.4 Holing 3.4.1 General Round holes for fasteners or pins shall either be drilled ‘or punched. Slotted holes shall either be punched in ‘one operation or formed by drilling two holes and completed by cutting. All matching holes for fasteners or pins shall register with each other so that fastners can be inserted freely through the assembled members. in a direction at right angles to the faces in contact. 3.4.2 Ordinary bolts 9.4.2.1 Drilling Burrs shall be removed from holes before assembly except that where holes are drilled in one operation through parts clamped together which would not otherwise be separated after drilling, they need not be separated to remove the burrs. 3.4.2.2 Punching and reaming Holes shall be punched at least 2 mm less in diameter than the required size and subsequently reamed to the full diameter. 3.4.2.3 Full size punching Where holes are punched full size all the following, conditions shall be satisfied. (a) The punching operations shall not, in the opinion of the engineer, unduly distort the material. (b) The holes shall be free from burrs which would prevent solid seating of the parts when tightened. (©) The thickness of the material through which the hole is punched shall not exceed the diameter of the hole. (@) The maximum thickness of the material shall be: Q) 12 mm for quality A; (2) 16 mm for quality B; @) 20 mm for quality C: NOTE. These thicknesses ar as specified in the British Standards listed in 2. (©) In spliced connections the holes in the mating surfaces shall be punched from the same direction, Holes shall not be punched full size in any of the following conditions (see 5.3.7 of BS 5950 : Part 1: 1990) in tension flanges at locations where plastic hhinges have been assumed in the design analysis; Gi) in elements of rigid connections in which local yield lines have been assumed ii) where repetition of loading makes fatigue critical in the member design. NOTE. 5.3.7 of BS 5950 Part 1: 1900 recommends that octions here any ofthese conditions apply shouldbe clearly indiated on the drawings, 34.2.4 Hole size For bolis not exceeding 24 mm diameter, holes shall be not more than 2 mm greater in diameter than the Dol, and for bolts over 24 mm diameter, holes shall be ot more than 3 mm greater in diameter than the bolt, except in steel baseplates and where otherwise specified by the engineer. 3.4.3 High strength friction grip fasteners Holes for high strength friction grip fasteners shall be in accordance with BS 4604. Where the bolts are not preloaded in accordance with BS 4604, the holes may be punched, in which case the conditions specified in 8.4.2.8 shall apply. 3.5 Contact surfaces of high strength friction grip connections Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, all contact, surfaces in high strength friction grip connections shall comply with BS 4604. 3.6 Joints in compression Abutting surfaces dependent on contact for the transmission of load shall be within the tolerances specified in section 7. NOTE. No work need be carried out on a bearing face whichis to be grouted direct toa foundation Section 4 BS 5950: Part 2: Section 4. Assembly 4.1 General All components shall be assembled within the tolerances. ‘specified in section 7 and in such a manner so that they are not bent, twisted or otherwise damaged, and the specified cambers are provided when required. Drifting to align holes shall not enlarge the holes or distort the metal. Holes which cannot be aligned without distortion shall be a cause for rejection unless enlargement by reaming is specifically approved by the engineer. 4.2 Welding Welding of structural steel shall be in accordance with BS 5135" unless another process is specifically permitted by the engineer Processes other than the metal are process shall be used for the welding of structural steelwork only ‘specifically permitted by the engineer 4.3 Bol Where necessary the connected parts shall be firmly. ‘drawn together. Steel packing plates shall be provided where necessary to ensure that the total remaining gap. between adjacent surfaces does not exceed 2 mm, ‘The length of bolt shall be such that at least one clear thread shows above the nut after tightening, and at least one thread plus the thread run out is clear between the nut and the unthreaded shank of the bolt. Washers shall be provided where specified by the engineer and when oversize or slotted holes are specified. Where specified by the engineer, the nuts used on. connections subject to vibration shall be secured to prevent loosening. Self-locking nuts shall be used or else the nuts shall be secured by the use of locknuts or upsetting of the threads of the bolts after assembly and tightening. Bolts, nuts and washers used to connect metal sprayed or galvanized steelwork shall be spun galvanized, sherardized or else electroplated with zine, cadmium or aluminium. NOTE. Blectroplated finishes may not provide the same degree of protection as metal saved or galvanized steelwork ‘Where slotted holes are provided for movement connections, the joint shall be free to move. 4.4 High strength friction grip fasteners used in the pre-tensioned condition High strength friction grip fasteners complying with BS 4395 shall be used in accordance with BS 4604. For friction grip connections where the surfaces are not parallel a suitably tapered washer shall be provided under the rotated head or nut. Such washers shall also be used under the non-rotated component except where the angle between bolt axis and contact surface is within the limits of 87° and 93°, Where the use of other types of pre-tensioned friction grip fasteners is permitted by the engineer, they shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and shall be tightened to at least the minimum shank tensions specified in BS 4604. High strength friction grip bolted joints shall comply with 4.3 except that the total remaining gap between adjacent surfaces shall not exceed 1 mm. 4.5 Marking for erection Bach piece of steelwork shall be suitably marked hefore delivery, in accordance with a marking diagram, NOTE, Ie may also bear such other marks as wil facilitate erection (see 3.2), 4.6 Protective treatment All preliminary and protective treatments shall be carried out in accordance with the engineer's specifications’. Areas of steel which are not to be treated or coated, or are to be kept clean and free from loose rust, oil, loose scale, etc. shall be specified as such on the drawings. Surfaces in contact but inaccessible after assembly shall receive their specified protective treatment before assembly. Unless special protection is provided against corrosion, all hollow members shall be sealed in order to prevent the access of moisture to the inside of the member. Galvanized hollow members shall have vent holes. ‘These shall either be large enough to ensure internal galvanizing or be sealed after the member is galvanized. " autention is drawn to the eeuiements of clause 4 of BS5195 1984, The recommended carbon equivalent values given in table 2 of [BS 5135 1964 for the varous BS-H60 product grodes wore based on a survey of sees from a limited number of sources of supply and rrethoxds of manufacture in the United Kingtom. Steels supplied to BS EN 1 5 forthe same design grades may not necessanily give the ‘Sime assurance against hydrogen cracking when wel procedares are based on these values ‘Where ti desire to agree a maximum CEV value with the stel producer the following values may’ be appropriate: design grade $3-thts Gesign grade 50 0.47 Gesign grate 55.053. | Gesign grade WHO 058 [BS 5493 gives guidance on protective treatments BS 5950: Part 2: 1992 Section 4 ee Where pre-tensioned friction grip fasteners are used, Ifthe component is subsequently to be welded, the no protective treatment shall be applied to the faying surface of the steel shall where practicable not be ‘surfaces unless so specified by the engineer. All faying painted, metal coated, or otherwise treated within a surfaces shall be adequately protected until they are suitable distance ifthe treatment would impair weld Drought together. Exposed parts of such joints shall be quality. Where this is not practicable, alternative given their specified protective treatment after the procedures shall only be used with the engineer's fasteners have been finaly tightened, inspected and approval. approved. Welds and adjacent parent metal shall not be painted prior to destagging, inspection and approval 10 Section 5 BS 5950 : Part 2: 1992 ————— Section 5. Erection 5.1 Delivery storage and handling Fabricated parts shall be handled and stacked in such a way that permanent damage is not caused to the components, Means shall be provided to minimize damage to the protective treatment on the steelwork. All work shall be protected from damage in transit, Particular care shall be taken to stiffen free ends, prevent permanent distortion, and adequately protect, all machined surfaces. All bolts, nuts, washers, screws, ‘small plates and articles generally shall be suitably packed and identified. 5.2 Erection of structural steelwork ‘The erection of the steelwork for the structural frame shall be planned and carried out so as to ensure safe ‘working conditions at all times. For guidance BS 5631 and Health and Safety document GS 28" shall be followed, ‘Throughout the erection of the structure, the steelwork shall be securely bolted or fastened in order to ensure that it can adequately withstand all loadings liable to be encountered during erection, including, where necessary, those from erection plant and its operation, ‘Any temporary bracing or temporary restraint shall be left in position until such time as erection is sufficiently advanced so as to allow its safe removal. All conneetions for temporary bracing, bolts, members, etc. to be provided for erection purposes shall be so ‘made that they do not weaken the permanent structure or impair serviceability 5.3 Alignment Bach part of the structure shall be aligned as soon as practicable after it has been erected. Permanent connections shall not be made between members until sufficient of the structure has been aligned, levelled, plumbed and temporarily connected to ensure that members will not be displaced during subsequent erection or alignment of the remainder of the structure, 5.4 Accuracy of construction Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, the accuracy with which the steelwork is assembled and erected shall be as set out in section 7. Due account shall be taken of the effects of temperature on the structure and measuring instruments when measurements are made for setting out and erection, and for dimensional checks carried ‘out subsequently. 5.5 Protective treatment: site application Where a protective treatment isto be carried out ot completed on ste, the requirements of 4.6 shall apply. | Any damage to the protective treatment which occurs: Shall be made good: Repairs shall be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer ofthe treatment system and shall be approved by the enginer. "Safe eretion of structures, Part 1 Iuitital planning and design, 1984. Part 2 Site management and procedure, 1988. HMSO. u BS 5950 : Part 2: 1992 Section 6 ——————— eee Section 6. Supports and foundations 6.1 Positioning and setting in of foundation bolts Foundation bolts shall be set out within the limits for position and level specified in 7.3.1 Foundation bolts shall be held firmly in position during all setting in operations, and care shall be taken to ensure that the full movernent tolerances are achieved. Bolts, threads and nuts shall be fully protected against damage, cement grout, corrosion, etc. at all stages of construction. Where tubes are to be concreted into foundations to be used at a later stage for grouting up of bolt pockets, they shall be securély fixed and effectively sealed to prevent ingress of grout from the surrounding concrete during placing operations. Pockets formed around foundation bolts shall be kept clean and free from debris, water, etc. Proprietary bolting systems shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 6.2 Packings Packs, shims and other supporting devices shall be flat, of adequate strength and rigidity, and not larger than necessary. Where packings are to be left in position and subsequently grouted they shall be placed such that they are totally enclosed by the grout. 6.3 Bedding and grouting up of structures 6.3.1 Preparation No grouting shall be carried out until a sufficient Portion of the structure (for multi-storey buildings, a sufficient number of bottom lengths of stanchions) has. been aligned, levelled, plumbed and adequately braced by other structural components which have been levelled and are securely held by their permanent connections, 2 Immediately before grouting the space under the steel shall be clear of all debris and free water. 6.3.2 Bedding stanchions in pocket bases ‘Stanchions in pocket bases shall be grouted with fine dense Portland cement concrete having a characteristic cube strength at 28 days not less than that of the surrounding concrete base nor less than 20 N/mm, and with a maximum aggregate size of 10 mm. The pocket shall be filled initially with concrete up to a height of at least two-thirds of the embedded length of the stanchion and shall then remain undisturbed for at least 48 h. 6.3.3 Encasing steelwork in foundations All steel in foundations shall be solidly encased in consolidated Portland cement concrete having a characteristic cube strength of not less than 20 Némm* at 28 days, A minimum cover of 100 mm shall be provided to any steelwork where the concrete surrounding it is adjacent to the soil. Section 7 BS 5950 : Part 2 : 1992 Section 7. Tolerances 7.1 General Notwithstanding the specified tolerances on fabricated components of the structure, it shall be erected to comply with the specified erection tolerances in order to prevent subsequent difficulties in location or use of these components, NOTE: The value of tolerances set out in this section generally represent thove which have been assumed in design carried out in fccordance with BS 5080 Part I" 7.2 Fabrication tolerances 7.2.1 Cross section: rolled sections After fabrication, the tolerances on cross sections of rolled sections (including rolled sections used as components of built-up members) shall be as specified in BS 4 or BS 4848 as appropriate. 7.2.2 Cross section: built-up members For built-up I or H section members with an overall depth of less than I'm the tolerances on the cross section shall be as specified in BS 4 for rolled sections. For all other built-up sections the deviations from the specified dimensions shall not exceed the following (Gee figure 1) (a) depth, D,: + 4mm; (©) width of flanges, B,: + 6 mm; (©) offeentre of web, ¢, (maximum) : + 5mm; (@) at any cross section the quantity (C—D) shall not exceed: +6mm for Manges not exceeding 450 mm wide; +9 mm for flanges over 450 mm wide; where Cis the maximum overall as measured depth; Dis the as measured average depth; (©) maximum out-of squareness of flange, F or F:6 mm; (P) maximum out-of-fatness of flange, A’, greater of 8. or 3mm the 7.2.3 Tolerance on web plates: built-up members The maximum distortion of web, A, on a gauge length in any direction equal to the depth, d, of the girder shall not exceed the greater of 54 or Imm (see figure2), 7.2.4 Tolerance on shape of built-up box sections Built-up box sections shall not deviate from the specified shape at the diaphragm by more than: (+ Ds) om + 5mmor+ whichever is greater where D; and Dp are the internal diagonal lengths of the box. NOTE. Connection requirements necessitate more stringent accuracy, 7.2.5 Length ‘The length of a member shall not deviate from its specified length by more than + 3 mm. 7.2.6 Straightness Unless required to be any other shape, the deviation of amember from a straight line drawn between adjacent points of subsequent effective lateral restraint shall not exceed: @) for all non-hollow sections used as beams or compression members: ‘3mm or 1/1000 whichever is the greater, (b) for all other sections:

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