B.Com.

I Semester (CBCS)
S. No. Name of Paper Code
1. Corporate Accounting CMB-151
2. Management Concept CMB-152
3. Fundamentals of Business Mathematics CMB-153
4. Business Economics CMB-154

Open Elective:
5. Principles of Marketing CMB-155
5. Industrial Relations CMB-156

Revised – 01.08.2019
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
CORPORATE ACCOUNTING (CMB-151)
B.Com (Hons.) Ist Semester(CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This course is to provide knowledge of Corporate Accounting and its application in business.
COURSE INPUTS

UNIT-I ACCOUNTING FOR SHARE CAPITAL & DEBENTURES: Issue, Forfeiture and
Reissue of Forfeited Shares- Concept & Process of Book Building, Issue of Rights and
Bonus Shares, Buy Back of Shares, Redemption of Preference Shares, Issue and
Redemption of Debentures.

UNIT-I VALUATION OF SHARES: Need for valuation of shares, Factors effecting valuation
of Shares, Method of Valuation – Net Assets Basis, Earning Capacity Method, Fair
Value Method etc.
Financial Accounting Standards: Concept, Benefits, Procedure for issuing
Accounting Standards in India. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)-
Need and procedures, Convergence to IFRS.

UNIT-III PROFIT PRIOR TO INCORPORATION: Introduction, Methods of Computing Profit

or Loss to Incorporation, Basis of Apportionment, Pre-incorporation Profits or
Losses, Debtors and Creditors Suspense Accounts.
FINAL ACCOUNTS OF COMPANIES: Legal position regarding Final Accounts of
Companies, Preparation of Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss Account
in accordance of schedule VI of the Companies Act, 2013.

UNIT-IV AMALGAMATION OF COMPANIES: Meaning & Types of Amalgamation, Purchase

Consideration, Methods Of Accounting for Amalgamations as per Accounting
Standard 14 (ICAI) excluding Inter-Company Holdings, Journal Entries to close the
books of the vendor companies, Journal Entries in the books of the purchasing
companies.
INTERNAL RECONSTRUCTION: Concepts and Accounting treatment excluding
scheme of Reconstruction.

Suggested Readings
1. Monga, J.R. Fudamentals of Corporate Accounting. Mayur Paper Backs, New Delhi.
2. Shukla, M.C., T.S. Grewal, and S.C. Gupta. Advanced Accounts. Vol.-II. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
3. Maheshwari, S.N. and S. K. Maheshwari. Corporate Accounting. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Sehgal, Ashok and Deepak Sehgal. Corporate Accounting. Taxman Publication, New Delhi.
5. Naseem Ahmed, “ Corporate Accounting”, ANE Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Gupta, Nirmal. Corporate Accounting. SahityaBhawan, Agra.
7. Jain, S.P. and K.L. Narang. Corporate Accounting. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Compendium of Statements & Standards of Accounting. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, New Delhi.
09. R.L. Gupta &Radhaswamy, Advanced Accountancy
10. Jain &Narang, Advanced Accounts
11. R.L. Gupta &Radhaswamy, Financial Statement Analysis
12. Arulanandam& Raman, Advanced Accountancy
13. Anthony, R.N. and Reece, J.S, Accounting Principles; Richard Irwin
14. Naseem Ahmad, Nawab Ali Khan and M.L. Gupta, Financial Accounting
15. S.M. Shukla and S.P. Gupta, Advanced Accounting
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARHMUSLIMUNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
MANAGEMENT CONCEPT (CMB-152)
B.Com (Hons.) Ist Semester(CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective Imparting students a basic & state of the art understanding of Mgt. & Business Concepts &
practices with a view to prepare them to face the emerging challenges of managing resources, business
processes & managers successfully.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I MANGEMENT THOUGHTS & DECISION MAKING: Development of

Management thoughts; Classical, Neo-classical, Systems, Contingency &
contemporary approaches to Management, Managerial roles (Mintzberg).
Decision making process, Techniques, Information Technology, Decision
Support System. Strategy formulation, Strategic Management. MBO, MBE,
MBT, Bounded rationality.

UNIT - II MOTIVATION & LEADERSHIP: Motivating & leading people at work,

Motivation – Concept & Theories; Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor’s Theory,
McClelland’s Theory, Financial & Non-Financial incentives.
Leadership – Concept, Styles, & Theories (Tannenbaum, Schmidt and Trait
theory of Leadership) Leadership continuum, Managerial Grid, Situational,
Transactional & Transformational leadership, Likert’s Systems
Management.

UNIT - III MANAGERIALCONTROL: Concept & Process, Effective Control System,

Traditional & Modern Techniques – Stakeholder Approaches (Balanced
Score Card), Controlling Techniques, Budget Controlling Devices, Budget
Formulation, Process Model.
UNIT - IV BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF MANAGERIAL CONTROL: Concept, Nature &
Process of Planned Change, Resistance to Change, Approaches to overcome
resistance to change, Emerging horizons of Management in a changing
environment.
Books Recommended
1. Basu. Business Organisation and Management. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. Prasad, Lallan and S.S. Gulshan. Management Principles and Practices. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New
Delhi.
3. N.K. Sahani, Management Concept and Organizational Behaviour, Kalyani Publisher, N. Delhi.
4. Chhabra, T.N. Principles and Practice of Management. DhanpatRai& Co., Delhi.
5. Singh, B.P. and T.N. Chhabra. Business Organisation and Management. DhanpatRai& Co., Delhi.
6. Jim, Barry, John Chandler, Heather Clark. Organisation and Management. Thomson Learning.
7. Allen L.A. Management and Organisation. McGraw Hill, New York.
8. Ansoff, H.J. Corporate Strategy. John Wiley, New York.
9. Burton Gene and Manab Thakur. Management Today Principles and Practice. Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
10. Ivancevich M., Organizational Behavour and Management, McGraw Hill.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARHMUSLIMUNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
FUNDAMENTALS OF BUSINESS MATHEMATICS (CMB-153)
B.Com (Hons) Ist Semester(CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

COURSE INPUTS

Unit – I DIFFERENTIATION: Elementary Functions; Concepts of Limit and

Continuity; Differentiations; Chain rule; Differentiation of Implicit
Functions; Higher derivatives; Maxima and Minima and its
applications in Business Mathematics (Marginal Analysis, Profit
Maximizations etc.).

Unit – II INTEGRATION: Standard Forms; Methods of Integration – by

substitution, by parts, by partial fractions; Definite Integration;
Finding area in simple cases; Applications in Business Mathematics
(Consumers and Producers surplus etc.).

Unit – III MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS I: Algebra of Matrices; Properties

of Determinant and calculation upto Third Order; Adjoint of a Matrix;
Elementary Row and Column Operations.

Unit – IV MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS II: Inverse of a Matrix; Solution of

a system of Linear Equations (having unique solution and involving
not more than three variables) using Inversion Method and Cremer’s
Rule.

Suggested Readings
1. Allen R.G.D.: Basic Mathematics; Macmillan, New Delhi.
2. Khan, M. Shadab: Business Mathematics, Anmol Publication, New Delhi.
3. Dowling, E.T.: Mathematics for Economics; Schaum Series, McGraw Hill London.
3. Loomba, Paul: Linear Programming; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Soni, K.S.: Business Mathematics,;Pitamber Publication House.
5. Holden: Mathematics for Business and Economics; Macmillan India, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
BUSINESS ECONOMICS (CMB-154)
B.Com. (Hons) 1st Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective
This course is meant to acquaint the students with the principles of Micro-Economic Theory as
are applicable in business.

Course Inputs

UNIT- I MARKET STRUCTURE: Objectives of a Business Firm; Monopoly: Determination

of Equilibrium Price and Output under Monopoly, Multi-plant Monopoly, Price
Discrimination, Monopolistic Competition; Determination of Equilibrium Price
and Output, Selling Costs. Oligopoly; Kinked Demand Curve, Collusive Oligopoly.

UNIT - II FACTOR PRICING: Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution, Determination

of Factor Pricing under Imperfect Competition.
Wages: Marginal Productivity Theory of Wages, Modern Theory of Wages.
Rent: Ricardian Theory of Rent, Modern Theory of Rent.
Interest: Classical Theory of Rate of Interest, Liquidity Preference Theory of
Rate of Interest.
Profit: Concepts and Theories of Profit: Dynamic Theory of Profit, Risk Theory,
Innovation Theory.

UNIT-III NATIONAL INCOME: Concept and Components of National Income;

Measurement of National Income, Problems in Measuring National Income,
Determination of National Income, Inflationary and Deflationary Gaps.

UNIT-IV MULTIPLIER: Concept and Limitations, Keynes’ Income and Investment

Multiplier, Leakages in Income stream and their effect on the multiplier.
ACCELERATOR: Concept and Working.
TRADE CYCLES: Meaning, Phases, Theories of Trade Cycles, Remedial Measures.

Suggested Readings
1. Dewett K.K.: Modern Economic Theory; S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.
2. Singh S.K.: Business Economics; SahityaBhawan, Publication, Agra.
3. Dwivedi D.N.: Essentials of Business Economics, Vikas Publication House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Dwivedi D.N.: Micro-Economic Theory, Vikas Publication House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Ahuja H.L.: Business Economics; S.Chand& Co., New Delhi.
6. Browning Edger K. and Browning Jacquenlence M: Microeconomic Theory and Applications; Kalyani Publications, New
Delhi.
7. Watson Donald S. and Getz Molcolm: Price Theory and Its Uses; Khosla Publishing House, New Delhi.
8. Koutsoyianni A.: Modem Microeconomics; Macmillan, New Delhi.
9. Richard G, Lipsey: An Introduction to Positive Economics; ELBS, Oxford.
10. Stigler G: The Theory of Price; Prentice Hall of India.
11. Nellis& Parker: The Essence of Business Economics; Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
12. Ferguson P.R., Rothschild R., and Ferguson G.J.: Business Economics; Macmillan, Hampshire.
13. John P, Gould, Jr. and Edward P. Lazear: Micro-economic Theory; All India Traveller, Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING (CMB-155)
B.Com. (Hons) 1st Semester (CBCS)
Open Elective 1
Credit – 02
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

COURSE OBJECTIVE: The venture of this course outline is to disseminate the students with
the fundamental understanding of Marketing principles and concepts.

COURSE CONTENTS

Unit I AN OVERVIEW OF MARKETING: Meaning, Functions and Role of

Marketing, Evolution of Marketing Concept; Marketing Mix: Meaning and
Elements.
MARKET SEGMENTATION, TARGETING, AND POSITIONING (STP
STRATEGIES): Basis of Segmentation and its benefits, Effective
Segmentation Criteria, Concept of Target Market and Product Positioning.

Unit II PRODUCT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT: Concept and New Product

Development Product classification. Product Mix decisions, Packing &
Labelling, Product Support Services. Branding decisions and theory of
Product life Cycle.
PRICING DECISIONS & STRATEGIES: Factors affecting Price
Determination and Pricing Mix Decisions, Strategies related to Pricing,
Pricing in a competitive market.

Unit III DISTRIBUTION DECISIONS: Functions, Types and Importance of

Distribution Channels, Physical Distribution/Logistic Decisions.
PROMOTION DECISIONS: Promotion Tools and their Characteristics,
Promotion Mix Decisions, Personal Selling and Advertising.

Unit IV DEVELOPMENT & ISSUES IN MARKETING: Rural Marketing, Social

Marketing, Online Marketing, Direct Marketing, Services Marketing, Green
Marketing, Relationship Marketing, Marketing Ethics.

Suggested Readings:

C.B. Gupta : Marketing Management, S.Chand& Co.

C.N. Sontakki : Marketing Management, Kalyani Publications, New Delhi.
J.C. Sinha : Principles of Marketing & salesmanship, R.Chand& Co. Delhi
Kotler & Gary : Principles of Marketing, prentice hall of India, New-Delhi
Philip Kotler : Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, NJ.
R.L. Varshney : Marketing Management, Sultan Chand & Sons, New-Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (CMB-156)
B.Com. (Hons) 1stSemester (CBCS)
Credit – 02
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks
Objective
The objective of this course is to cover all relevant new dimensions that have emerged in the
field of Industrial relations in the current environment.

Course Inputs

UNIT- I INTRODUCTION: Concept, Definitions and some basic facts about Indian
Relations, Objectives and Scope of Industrial relations, Approaches to Industrial
Relations.
TRADE UNIONISM: Meaning & Concept, Characteristics of trade union,
Functions of Trade Union, Problems of trade unions in India, Workers
empowerment – Concept, elements, importance and barriers; Discipline &
grievances.

UNIT- II DISCIPLINE & GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL: Discipline: Causes of indiscipline,

Maintenance of discipline and misconduct, Highlights of domestic enquiries;
Principle of Natural Justice; Labour Turnover; Absenteeism;
Grievance: Meaning of Grievance, Grievance redressal machinery in India,
Grievance Handling Procedure.

UNIT- III COLLECTIVE BARGAINING & WORKERS PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

Collective Bargaining: Meaning, Objectives and Importance of collective
bargaining, Workers participation in Management – Concept objectives,
Importance and forms.
Workers’ Participation in Management: Concept, Practices in India, Works
Committee, Joint Management Councils, Participative Management and co-
ownership, Productive Bargaining and Gain Sharing.

UNIT- IV SOCIAL SECURITY & EMPLOYEES’ WELFARE: Employees welfare – Meaning,

Significance and Type, Social Security – Concept, Scope and Social Security in
India.
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES – Definition, Classification and causes of Industrial
Dispute, Settlement Methods – Negotiation, Conciliation, Mediation, Arbitration
and Adjudication.

References:
1. AM Sarma – Industrial Relations – Conceptual & Legal Framework – Himalaya Publication House, New
Delhi.
2. AL Ahuja – Industrial Relations – Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
3. Reylonds L. – Labour Economics & Labour Relations – Prentice Hall Inc., New Jercy.
4. Yoder Dale – Personnel Management and Industrial Relations – Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
5. Myers Charles – Industrial Relations India, Asia Publishing House, Mumbai.
 B.Com. III Semester (CBCS)

S. No. Name of Paper Code

1. Business Statistics CMB-351

2. Cost Accounting CMB-352
3. Compute Application & E-Business CMB-353

Open Elective:

4. Public Finance CMB-354

4. Indirect Taxes CMB-355
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
BUSINESS STATISTICS (CMB-351)
B.Com. IIIrd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This course enables the students to gain understanding of statistical

techniques as are applicable to business.
UNIT - I MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY& DISPERSION: Concept of Central
Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode.
Dispersion: Range, Inter Quartile Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and
Standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, Lorenz Curve.
Skewness: Concept and its Measures.

UNIT - II ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES AND FORECASTING:

Time Series: Meaning and importance, Causes of variation in time series data,
Components of a time series: Determination of trend - Moving averages method
and method of least squares (including linear, second degree, parabolic, and
exponential trend). Computation of Seasonal Indices: Simple average method,
ratio-to-trend method, ratio-to-moving average method.
Forecasting: Concept and Methods of Forecasting.

UNIT - III CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS:

Correlation: Meaning of Correlation, Simple, Multiple and Partial; Linear & Non-
linear, Correlation & Causation, Scatter diagram, Pearson’s co-efficient of
correlation, Calculation & Properties (proofs not required), Correlation,
Standard and Probable error, Rank Correlation.
Regression: Principle of Least Squares and Regression lines, Regression
equations and estimations, Properties of Regression Coefficients, Relationship
between Correlation and Regression Coefficients; Standard Error of Estimate.

UNIT - IV INDEX NUMBER: Meaning, Types and Uses; Methods of constructing Price and
Quantity indices (simple and aggregate); Tests of Adequacy; Chain-base index
numbers; Base shifting, Splicing, and deflating; Problems in constructing index
numbers.
THEORY OF PROBABILITY: Concept; The three approaches to defining
probability; Addition and multiplication laws of probability, Types of events,
Conditional probability; Baye’s Theorem; Mathematical Expectation, Concept of
Combination and Permutation.
Suggested Readings
1. Ahmad, M.M., ‘Probability and Probability Distributions’, AMU Press, Aligarh.
2. Hooda, R.P .: Statistics for Business and Economics; Macmillan, New Delhi.
3. Ya-lun Chou: Statistical Analysis with Business and Economic Applications, Holt; Rinehart &Winster, New
York.
4. lewin and Rubin: Statistics for Management; Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
5. Hoel&Jessen: Basic Statistics for Business and Economics; John Wiley and Sons, New York.
6. Saur S. Ajay & Gaur S.S., Statistical Method for Practice & Research Response Books, New Delhi.
7. Patri D.N., Statistical Methods, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi, 2011.
8. Elthans D.N., Fundamental of Statistics
9. Shukla S.M. and Sahai S.P., Business Statistics, SahityaBhawan Publication, 2012.
10. Douglas, Statistical Techniques in Business of Economics Lind, Tata McGrew Hill, New Delhi, 2010.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
COST ACCOUNTING (CMB-352)
B.Com. IIIrd Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective
This course exposes the students to the basic concepts and the tools used in Fundamentals of Cost
Accounting.
COURSE INPUTS
Unit - I INTRODUCTION: Meaning of Cost, Costing and Cost Accountancy; Methods and
Techniques, Scope, Objectives, Advantages and Limitation of Cost Accounting; Cost
Accounting vis-à-vis Financial Accounting; Installation of Costing System; Classification
of Costing Methods and Techniques and their Merits & Demerits; Elements of Cost,
Preparation of Cost Sheet.
RECONCILIATION OF COST & FINANCIAL ACCOUNT: Need for Reconciliation, Reasons
for Disagreement in Profit, Preparation of Reconciliation Statement.
Unit - II ELEMENTS OF COST: MATERIALS, LABOUR & EXPENSES
Materials: Importance and need for material control; Material purchase procedure;
Stores functions: receiving, inspecting, storing, issue of materials; materials costing –
pricing of receipts, pricing of issues; LIFO and FIFO methods, stores ledger, inventory
control techniques: EOQ, Level setting.
Labour: Labour cost, remuneration and incentive different methods of labour
remuneration, incentive schemes – (Halsey & Rowan). Labour turnover – causes and
effects, and its measurement, Meaning of idle time, overtime, work study, method study,
method study, Time and Motion Study.
Expenses: Direct and Indirect Expenses, Treatment of Interest on capital, depreciation,
idle facilities and research and development expenses.
Unit - III METHODS OF COSTING I
Job Costing: Meaning, Features, Objectives, Recording of Costs (Preparation of Job Cost
Sheet).
Batch Costing: Meaning, Difference between Job Costing and Batch Costing, Preparation
of Batch Cost Sheet and Calculation of Economic Batch Quantity.
Contract Costing: Meaning, Comparison between Job and Contract costing, Recording
of Costs of Contract, Recording of Value and Profits on Contracts- Certificate of Work
Done, Profit on Uncompleted Contract, Valuation of Work in Progress.

Unit - IV METHODS OF COSTING II

Process Costing: Meaning, Features, Advantages and Disadvantages, Cost procedure:
Preparation of Process Cost Account and other necessary Account; Wastage and its
Treatment: Normal Loss, Abnormal Loss, Abnormal Gain, Scrap & Defectives.
Service Costing: Meaning, Classification of Cost and Preparation of Operating Cost
Sheet of Transport Companies.
Suggested Books:
1. Sharma, R. K. & Gupta, S. K., Management Accounting Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. Khan, M. Y. & Jain, P. K., Cost Accounting - Tata McGraw Hill Co.
3. Arora M.N., Cost Accounting-Principles and Practices; Vikas, New Delhi.
4. Jain S.P.&Narang K.L., Cost Accounting; Kalyani, New Delhi.
5. Khan M.Y.and Jain P.K., Management Accounting; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
6. Pillai, R.S.N., Management Accounting, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Gupta, S.P., Management Accounting, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi.
8. Gupta, K.L., Management Accounting, SahityaBhawan Publications, Agra.
9. Banarjee, B., Cost Accounting, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Computer Application and E-Business (CMB-353)
B.Com. IIIrd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: The objectives of this course are to develop the understanding regarding the
Information technology and E-Business along with enhancing the presentations and data
analysis skills of the students for business activities.

Unit - I: Meaning and Features of IT, Application and Impact of IT on Business, Computer
System, Types, Features and Limitations of Computers, Applications Areas of
Computers in Business, Concept of Hardware and Software, Types of software,
Introduction and Applications of Internet, Web Client and Web Server, Domain
Name System, WWW, Wired and Wireless Media, Network, Types (LAN, MAN,
WAN), Topologies and Protocols, WiFi and WiMax.

Unit - II: Data Hierarchy, Meaning and Structure of Database, Database Management
System (DBMS), Database Model. Data & Information, Information System and
Types, Need of Information System in Business. E-business; Meaning, Business
Models, Traditional Versus E-business, Features and Limitations of E-Business.

Unit - III: E-payment systems: Models and methods of e-payments (Debit card, Credit
Card, Smart card, e-money), Payment Gateways, Online Banking (Concept,
Importance, Automated Clearing House, Automated Ledger Posting), Risk
involved in e-Payments, Security Issues, Security Mechanism, Digital Signature
(Procedure and Legal Position).

Unit - IV: Introduction to Word Processing, Applications in Business, Basic Commands,

Document Formatting, Inserting and Formatting Tables/Objects, Equations,
Hyperlink, Macro, Mail, Merging, Power Point Presentation, Tools and Utility in
Business, Formatting Slides, Sound Effect and Animation. Introduction to Spread
Sheets, Basic Commands, Spread Sheet Formatting, Wrapping Text, Merging
Cells, Fill Handle, Summing of a Row or Column, Freezing Panes, Formulas,
Charting, Sorting and Filtering, Goal Seek, Scenario Manager.

Suggested Readings:
1. Sinha, Pradeep K. and Preeti Sinha. Foundation of Computing. BPB Publication.
2. Rajaraman,V. Introduction to Information Technology. PHI.
3. Leon A. and Leon M. Fundamentals of Information Technology. Leon, Vikas (4) Software manuals.
4. Basandra, Suresh K. Management Information System. Wheeler Publication, New Delhi-Allahabad.
5. Kumar, Muneesh. Business Information System. Vikas Publishing House.
6. Fizgerald& Dennis – Wiley. Business Data Communication and Networking.
7. Laudon, Kenneth C. and Jane P. Laudon (2003). Management Information Systems. PHI.
8. P. T. Joseph, E-commerce, A managerial perspective.
9. Dienes Sheila S. MS office, Professional for window 95, BPB Publication, Delhi.
10. TorbenLageFrandsen, Microsoft Office Word.
11. John Walkenbach, Excel 2007 Bible 1st Edition.
12. Conrad Carlberg, Excel for Accountants.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
PUBLIC FINANCE (CMB-354)
B.Com. IIIrd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: To prepare students to be informed consumers of public finance data, and

thus, equip students to engage constructively in the formulation, implementation, and
evaluation of public finance policies.

COURSE CONTENTS:

Unit - I: Meaning& Scope of Public Finance, Origin and Development of Public

Finance, Public goods vs. Private goods, Principle of Maximum Social
Advantage, Public Budget, Techniques of Budgeting (ZBB PBB), Deficit
Financing.

Unit - II: Public Expenditure: Meaning & Nature, Wagner’s views on increasing state
activities Wiseman-peacock hypothesis, Canons and classification of public
expenditure effects on production, distribution and economic stability.

Unit - III: Benefit approach, allocation of public goods, ability to pay approach,
excess burden of taxes, Sources and classification of public revenues,
incidences and shifting of taxes.
Public Revenue: Main sources of revenue, Tax revenue, Direct and Indirect
Taxes, Progressive, proportional & Regressive Taxes, Value added tax, the
Division of tax burden, incidence of a tax, effects on production &
distribution.

Unit - IV: Public Debts: Role and classification of Public debts and methods of their
redemption, Fiscal Deficit, Fiscal Policy, relation between planning and
central budgeting.
Indian Public Finance: Financial Federalism under constitution, Financial
Adjustments in India, Finance Commission, review of Indian Tax System.
Budgetary Procedure and Financial Control in India.

Suggested Readings:
1. Richard A. and Peggy B. Musgrave, Public Finance in Theory and Practice, Fifth Edition (New York:
McGraw Hill, 1989).
2. Richard W. Tresch, Public Sector Economics (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
3. Harvey S. Rosen and Ted Gayer, Public Finance, Eighth Eiftion 9New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin, 2007).
4. Jonathan Gruber, Public Finance and Public Policy, Second Edition (New York: Worth Publishers, 2007).
5. A.R. Pest, Public Finance in Developing Countries, Third Edition (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985).
6. Sanjeev Gupta, Benedict Clements, and Gabriela Inchauste, eds., Helping Countries Develop: The Role of
Fiscal Policy (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2004).
7. Ronald C. Fisher, State and Local Public Finance, Third Edition (South-Western College Pub, 2006)
8. Gruber, Jonathan, Public Finance and Public Policy, 3rd ed. Worth Publishers, 2009.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
INDIRECT TAXES (CMB-355)
B.Com. IIIrd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This course aims at imparting basic knowledge about major Indirect
Taxes.

COURSE CONTENTS:

Unit - I GST law as contained in CGST Act 2017 and IGST Act
2017:Constitutional Aspects, Procedure under GST – Registration,
Tax Invoice, Credit & Debit Notes, Electronic way bill, Accounts and
record, Returns, Payment of tax including reverse charge, Refund, job
work.

Unit - II Levy and Collection of CGST and IGST, Place of Supply, Time and
Value of supply, Input tax credit, Computation of GST Liability.

Unit - III Administration of GST – Assessment & Audit, Inspection, Search,

Seizure and Arrest; Demand and Recovery; Offence and Penalties;
Advance Ruling; Appeals and Revision.
Unit - IV Customs Act, 1962: Brief history of Custom Duty; Important Terms
and Definitions under Customs Act; Types of Custom Duty;
Documents required for Import and Export procedure: Export
Promotion Scheme, Role of Custom Duty in International Trade;
Customs Authority and their powers; Computation of Assessable
Value and Customs Duty; Penalties, Offences and Prosecutions.
Suggested Readings:
1. Ahuja Girish& Gupta Ravi: Practical Approach to Income Tax, Wealth tax and Central Sales Tax;
Bharat Law House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Sareen, V.K. & Sharma Ajay: Indirect Taxes; Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Datey, V.S.: Indirect Taxes, Law & Practice, Taxman Publications, New Delhi, 2012.
4. Malhotra, H.C. & Agarwal, V.P.: Indirect Taxes, SahityaBhawan, Agra, 2014.
5. Ashraf, M. Ali, Indirect Taxes, V.K. Global Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2011-2012
 B.Com. V Semester (CBCS)
S. No. Name of Paper Code
1. Human Resource Management CMB-552
2. Corporate Law and Regulatory Framework CMB-553
3. Indian Financial System CMB-554
4. Corporate Governance CMB-555
5. Income Tax – I CMB-556

Open Elective:
6. Human Resource & Inflation Accounting CMB-591
5. Computerized Accounting CMB-592
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CMB-552)
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: HRM has emerged as a distinct discipline. The objective of this course is to provide
systematised knowledge of policies and practices of Human Resource Management.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT-I Human Resource Management: Concept, Definition, Characteristics,

Objectives and Importance of HRM, Functions of HRM – Managerial,
Operative Scope of HRM, Human Resource Development – Concept
Objectives and significance, Difference between HRM and HRD, Human
Resource Policies and Planning – Concept, nature, Objectives and
Importance, Levels of Human Resource Planning.

UNIT-II Recruitment & Selection: Meaning, Process, Sources and Techniques of

Recruitment Selection; Meaning & Steps in Selection Process Induction
and Training; Concept, Objectives, Importance and Types of Training,
Career Planning.

UNIT-III Performance Appraisal & Compensation: Concept, Objectives and

Importance of Performance Appraisal, Methods & Technique of
Performance Appraisal, Job evaluation, Principles and Objectives of Wage
& Salary administration – Incentives and Fringe Benefits.

UNIT-IV Maintenance of Employees and Emerging Horizons of HRM: Employee

health and safety; Employee Welfare, Social Security (excluding legal
provisions); Employer-Employee relations- an overview, grievance
handling and redressal, Industrial disputes: Causes and settlement
machinery. E-HRM; Human Resource Information System and e-HRM,
Impact of HRM Practices on organisational performance; HR Audit;
Contemporary issues in Human Resource Management.
Suggested Readings
1. Dr. C.B. Gupta – Human Resource Management, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Rosy & Joshi – Human Resource Management – Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana.
3. Beumont P.B. - Human Resource Management – Key Concepts & Skills – Eage Publication, New
Delhi.
4. John &Kussells – Human Resource Management – Macmillan, New York.
5. Dr. P.K.S. Menon – Human Resource Management and Organization Behaviour – Himalaya
Publishing House, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
CORPORATE LAW & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS) (CMB-553)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks
COURSE INPUTS

UNIT-I Indian Contract Act, 1872: Contract, meaning, types of contract, Essentials
of a Valid contract. Discharge of contract, Remedies, damages, special
contract; Indemnity and Guarantee, Bailment and Pledge, Agency.

UNIT-II The Companies Act, 2013: Definitions, characterises, Types – Formation of a

company, Incorporation and commencement of Business – Prospectus,
Memorandum of Association and Article of Association, Share capital and
Membership, Meetings and Resolution, Corporate Social Responsibility.
Company Management, Secretary, directors, Winding up, National Company
Law Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal.

UNIT-III The Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Formation of Contracts of Sales, Goods and
their classification, Price, Conditions and warranties, Transfer of Property in
goods, Performance of the contract of sales, Unpaid seller and his rights, Sales
by Auction. The Information Technology Act, 2000, Important definitions and
Provisions, Punishment. The Competition Act 2002, Important definitions and
courts, Punishment.

UNIT-IV The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Definitions of Negotiable

Instruments, features of Negotiable Instruments, Promissory Note, Bill of
Exchange, Cheque, crossing of cheque, Types of crossing, Holder and Holder
in due course, Dishonour and discharge of Negotiable Instruments.
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Salient features Definition of consumer,
Grievance redressal machinery.
The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, Definitions and Main
Provisions.

Suggested Readings
1. Bare Acts of All Laws
2. Dr. P.K. Bangia, Mercantile Law.
3. Dr. P.C. Tulsian, Business and Corporate Law
4. Singh Avtar, The Principle of Mercantile Law
5. Singh Avtar, The Company Law
6. Kuchal M.C. Business Law
7. Kapoor N.D., Business Law
8. Chandha P.R., Business Law
9. Business Regulatory Framework by Saini
10. Business Regulatory Framework by G.K. Varshney
11. Business Regulatory Framework and Corporate Law by K.G. Garg and Sareen V.K.

Revised on 29.08.2019
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM (CMB-554)
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT-I Money,-its Functions, Meaning, High Powered money – its meaning

and uses, Finance – role of Finance in an economy, Kinds of finance,
Financial system, Financial intermediaries, Market and its
instrument & their functions. Inflation – impact of inflation and
inflationary situation in economy.

UNIT-II Indian Banking System – Definition of Banks Commercial Banks –

its importance and functions structure of commercial banks,
Regional Rural Banks, Cooperative banking in India, Credit Creation
process, Determination of money supply and total bank credit. RBI –
its functions, features, instruments of monetary control.

UNIT-III Developmental Banks and other Banking Financial Institutions,

Main features, Unregulated credit market in India-main features.
Problem between the government and the commercial sector. Inter
Sectoral & inter regional problems. Problems between Large and
Small borrowers.

UNIT-IV Regulators of Financial System: Regulations in Financial System,

Role and need of Regulations in Financial System-RBI, SEBI, IRDA,
RBI’s New Monetary Policy Committee, Recent Developments in
Indian Financial System.
Financial Markets: Functions and Organisations, Primary Market:
Activities, Intermediaries and Functions.

Suggested Readings:

1. The Economics of Money and Banking by Chandler I.V. and Goldfield S.M.
2. Monetary Planning of India by Gupta S.B.
3. Indian Financial System – Theory &Pracatice by Khan M.Y.
4. Money and Finance in World Economic Order by Panchmukhi V.R., Raipuria K.M.
and Tondon R.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CMB-555)
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: The aim of this course is to impart knowledge of corporate

governance among the students.
COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Introduction: Concept, Definition, Significance of Corporate

Governance, Issues in Corporate Governance, Principal of Corporate
Governance, Models of Corporate Governance - Indo American,
German, Japanese, Theoretical basis of Corporate Governance.
UNIT - II Corporate Governance in India: Evolution of Corporate
Governance in India, various Committees on Corporate Governance,
Regulatory Framework of Corporate Governance in India, Role of
SEBI, Corporate Governance Provisions in Companies Act 2013,
Future of Corporate Governance in India.
UNIT - III Business Ethics – Meaning, Origin & Nature, Objectives and
Importance of Business Ethics, Ethics in Functional Areas – Finance,
Marketing HR.

UNIT - IV Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate Philanthropy, Meaning

of CSR, CSR and Corporate Sustainability, CSR and Business Ethics,
CSR and Corporate Governance, Environmental Aspect of CSR, CSR
Provision under the Companies Act 2013, CSR Committees.

Suggested Readings
1. A.C. Fernando, Corporate Governance Principles Policies & Practice, Pearson,
New Delhi.
2. Kesho Prasad, Corporate Governance, PHI, New Delhi.
3. Jayati Sarkar, Corporate Governance in India.
4. N. Gopalsamy, A Guide to Corporate Governance, New Age International
Publisher, N. Delhi.
5. Stephen Baenbridge, The New Corporate Governance in Theory & Practice,
Oxford University Press, London.
6. Marc Goergen, International Corporate Governance, Prentice Hall, N. York.
7. Randall K. Marck, A History of C.G. Around the World, University of Chicago Press
Chicago, USA.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
INCOME TAX – I (CMB-556)
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Course Objective: This course is to equip the students with knowledge of the basics of Direct
Tax (Income Tax Act 1961) and its implications.
COURSE INPUTS:
UNIT - I Basic Concepts: Assessment year, Previous year, Person, Assessee, Deemed
Assessee, Assessee in default, Income, Gross total income, Agricultural Income and
Non-agricultural income, Casual income, Difference between exemption and
deduction, Capital and revenue receipts, Capital and revenue expenditure.
Residential status and its effect on tax incidence: Relevance, determination of
residential status of an individual, HUF & Company, Incidence of tax.

UNIT - II Income under the Head Salaries including retirement (Sec. 15-17): “Salaries”
and its computation, concept of salaries, basis of charge (U/S-15), Scope of salary,
different forms of salary – How Taxed: Basic salary, Dearness Allowance, Advance
Salary, Arrears, Leave encashment, salary of partner, fees & commission, Bonus,
Gratuity, Pension, Annuity, Retrenchment compensation, VRS, Remuneration for
extra duties, Profits in lieu of salary; Provident fund and its tax treatment;
Deduction U/S 16 and Deduction U/S 80C.

UNIT - III Income under the Head House Property (H.P): [Sec. 22-27]: Concept of house
property, Basis of Charge; Rental Value: fair rental value, real/actual rental value
(RRV), municipal rental value (MRV), expected rental value (ERV), Standard
Rental (SR) value (SRV); Exempted income of H.Ps; Definition of Annual value- U/S
(23); determination of (a) actual rent, & (b) expected, when (i) SR is not given (ii)
SR is given- Sec.(23), Computation of Annual value: (a) Let out/deemed to be let
out H.Ps (b) Self occupied H.Ps; deduction-U/S-(24): Computation of income of
H.Ps in case of (a) Let out (b) deemed to be let out & (c) self occupied.

UNIT – IV Income under the head Capital Gain [Sec. 45-55]: Basis of charges;
Capital assets: financial & nonfinancial assets- short term & long term;
Transfer of capital assets; short term or long term capital gain or loss;
deductible expenses: transfer cost, cost of acquisition & improvement cost;
Computation of Capital gain including special cases; Rates of taxes on capital
gains U/S-111A, 112.
Income from other sources [Sec.56-58]: Basis of charges; Exempted
income; provision of deductible & non-deductible expenses; Computation of
total income; Rates of taxes.

Suggested Readings
1. Singhania V.K: Students’ Guide to Income Tax; Taxmann Publications, New Delhi, 2013-14.
2. Mehrotra H.C: Income Tax Law & Accounts; SahityaBhawan, Agra, 2013.
3. Girish Ahuja and Ravi Gupta: Systematic approach to income tax ; Bharat Law House,New Delhi, 2013
4. Chandra Mahesh and Shukla D.C.: Income Tax Law and Practice; Pragati Publications, New Delhi.
5. DinkerPagare: Income Tax Law and Practice; Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
6. Prasad, Bhagwati: Income Tax Law & Practice; Wiley Publication, New Delhi.
7. Gaur V.P., Income Tax Law & Practices, Kalyani Publisher, 2012.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
HUMAN RESOURCE & INFLATION ACCOUNTING
(Open Elective-01) (CMB-591)
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 02
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

COURSE INPUTS

Unit - I Concept of Human Resource Accounting: Meaning, Concept &

Definition of HRA; its Evolution & Importance; Objectives of Human
Resource Accounting – Limitations of Human Resource Accounting.

Unit - II Human Resource Accounting for Managers & HR Professionals

Investment in Human Resources – Quality of Work Force and
Organizations – Efficient use of Human Resource – Enumerating the
Assets – Calculating the Market Value of Assets – Human Capital.

Unit – III Human Resource Planning – Human Capital Investment –

Expenditure vs. Productivity – Training Human Capital &
Productivity – Human Resource Accounting.
Measurement of Human Value Additional into Money Value –
Objectives of Human Resource Accounting; Approaches to Human
Resource Accounting.

Unit – IV Inflation Accounting: Meaning & Concept, Features and Objectives

of Inflation Accounting; Origin & Development of Inflation
Accounting; Merits & Demerits; Method of Accounting for changing
prices: Current Purchasing Power (CPP) Methods & Current Cost
Account (CCA) Method.

Suggested Readings
1. K,RajuKanaka:Human Resource Accounting, Scholars' Press Publication
2. Rao, DevisettiPrabhakara: Human Resource Accounting, Inter-India Publications
3. Shah, Pragnesh B. : Human Resource Accounting, Serials Publication
4. Ahmad, MohdRizwan:Inflation Accounting Practices in India's Corporate Sector,
Atlantic Publishers & Dist
5. SenGupta,AsimKumar: Inflation accounting in India, Finance Publications
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING
(Open Elective-02) (CMB-592)
B.Com. Vth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 02
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

OBJECTIVE
This course is to familiarize the students about the basics of computerized accounting terminology with
the accounting softwares applications for problem solving in record keeping and presenting accounting
information.

COURSE INPUTS
UNIT - I Introduction to Computerized Accounting, System, Role of Computer in
Accounting, Comparison Between Manual and Computerized Accounting, Salient
Features of Computerized Accounting System (CAS), Advantages and Limitations
of Computerized Accounting System, Considerations before Sourcing Accounting
Software, Types of Accounting Software, Survey on Accounting Software
Packages Tally.ERP 9, Busy etc). Accounting Principles and Concepts,
Classification of Accounts- Traditional Modern, Groping/Classification and
Codification of Account, Requirements and Advantages of Coding System.

UNIT - II Introduction to Tally.ERP 9, Salient Features and advantages of Tally.ERP 9,

Installation of Tally.ERP 9, Getting Functional with Tally.ERP 9, Company
Creation/Setting Up/Selection, Company Alteration/Shut, Tally Vault Password/
Security Control, Backup and Restore of Data. Groups in Tally.ERP 9, Types of
Groups, Ledger, Ledger Creation, Ledger Alteration. Related Case Studies and
Assignments.

UNIT - III Voucher in Tally.ERP 9, Source Documents/Preparation of Vouchers, Types of

Voucher, Accounting and Inventory Vouchers, Voucher Entries. Accounting
Reports in Tally.ERP 9-Trial Balance, Profit and Loss Accounts, Balance Sheet,
Cash/Fund Flow, Ratio Analysis; Printing Tally Reports. Introduction to Good and
Service Tax in Tally.ERP 9, Types of GST Return. Related Case Studies and
Assignments.

UNIT – IV Excel Based Accounting- Excel Accounting Features, Basic Accounting/Financial

Functions in Excel, Journal Entries, Preparation of Master Ledger, Trial Balance
and Balance Sheet using Multiple Excel Sheets, Payroll Accounting- Preparation of
Salary Statements, Automated Invoice Generation. Related Case Studies and
Assignments.
Suggested Readings:
1. TALLY. ERP 9 (Level 1), The Institute of Computer Accountants, version 1.0, 2012.
2. Double Entry Book Keeping, T.S. Grewal’s, Sultan Chand & Sons (P) Ltd., 2017.
3. John Walkenbach, Excel 2007 Bible 1st Edition.
4. Conrad Carlberg, Excel for Accountants.
5. Financial Accounting, S.N. Maheshwari, S.K. Maheshwari & Shard K Maheshwari, Vikash
Publishing House, 4th Edition, 2014.
6. Computerized Accounting, System, Manoj Bansal & Ajay Sharma, Shitya Bhawan Publications,
Agra.
Revised on 29.08.2019
 B.Com. II Semester (CBCS)
S. No. Name of Paper Code

1. Specialized Accounting CMB-251

2. Business Mathematics CMB-252
3. Auditing CMB-253
4. Business Environment CMB-254

Optional:

5. Advertising & Sales Management CMB-255

5. Insurance Management CMB-256
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
SPECIALISED ACCOUNTING (CMB-251)
B.Com. IInd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

COURSE OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this course is to disperse the understanding of emerging
accounting concepts and their applicability in business situations.

COURSE CONTENTS
Unit – I ROYALTY ACCOUNTS: Definition, Difference between Rent and Royalty. Types of
Royalties, Minimum Rent, Redeemable Minimum Rent, Accounting Records for
Mining Royalties, Treatment of Shortworkings, Accounting Records in the books of
Lessee, Strike and Lockout, Sub-lease, Payment of Nazarana.
Insolvency: Meaning of Insolvency, Insolvency Law, Procedure of Insolvency,
Realization of Property, Statement of Affairs, Details of Statement of Affairs,
Liabilities; List A, List B, List C, List D, Sole Trader and Preferential Creditors,
Assets; Insolvency of Sole Trader, Insolvency when assets are more than liabilities,
Omission of items from Record, Insolvency of Partnership.

Unit – II CONSIGNMENT ACCOUNTS: Recording in books of Consignor and Consignee,

Valuation of Closing Stock.
INVESTMENT ACCOUNTING: Cum-Interest, Ex-Interest, Cum-dividend, Ex-
dividend, Preparation of Investment Accounts (as per AS-13), Treatment of Bonus
Shares, Right Shares.

Unit – III BRANCH ACCOUNTING: Concept of Dependent & Independent Branches,

Accounting Treatment, Important Adjustment, Entries and Preparation of
consolidated P/L Account and Balance Sheet.
DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS: Basis of allocation of common expenditure among
different departments, inter departmental transfers.

Unit – IV ACCOUNTS OF BANKING COMPANIES: Accounting records in the books of Banks,

Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet of Bank (revised formats), Explanation of
various heads of Balance Sheet.
HIRE PURCHASE AND INSTALMENT SYSTEM: Concept, Accounting treatment in
the books of Hire Purchaser and Vendor, Records under Instalment Payment
System.

Suggested Readings:
Jain, S.P &Narang, K.L. : Corporate Accounting, Kalyani Publishers-New Delhi
Gupta, S.P. & Shukla, S.M. : Corporate Accounting, SahityaBhawan Publications.
Ahmad,N. et.al. : Financial Accounting
Gupta,S.P. & Shukla, S.M. : Advanced Accounting, SahityaBhawan Publications.
Shukla, M.C. : Advanced Accounts, S.Chand Publications-New Delhi
Singhal,A.K. : Financial Accounting, Vayu Publication of India-New Delhi
Tulsian, P.C. : Advanced Accounting. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Rathore, S. : International Accounting. Prentice Hall of India.
Maheshwari&Maheshwari. : Financial Accounting. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS (CMB-252)
B.Com. IInd Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Unit – I MATHEMATICS OF FINANCE: Different types of Interests;

Compounding and Discounting of a sum using different types of
rates; Types of Annuities; Future and Present values of Annuities
using different type of Rates of Interest including the case of
Continuous Compounding; Valuation of Simple Loans and
Debentures; Sinking Funds.

Unit – II LINEAR PROGRAMMING: Formulation of LPP; Graphical method of

solution; Cases of unique, multiple optional solutions, unbounded
solution and redundant constraints.
Simplex method – solution to LPP using simplex method upto three
variables, including cases of mixed constraints.
Duality - Formulation of the dual; Prime-dual solutions (excluding
solution of dual problem when the primal problem involves mixed
constraints); Economics interpretation of the dual; Transportation
problem.

Unit – III DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS I: Ordinary differential equations of

first order and first degree; Solution of DE – by the method of
variable separation.

Unit – IV DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS II: Linear Differential Equations and

their solution; Homogeneous differential equations and their
solutions; Applications in business.

Suggested Readings
1. Allen R.G.D.: Basic Mathematics; Macmillan, New Delhi.
2. Khan, M. Shadab: Business Mathematics, Anmol Publication, New Delhi.
3. Dowling, E.T.: Mathematics for Economics; Schaum Series, McGraw Hill London.
3. Loomba, Paul: Linear Programming; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Soni, K.S.: Business Mathematics,;Pitamber Publication House.
5. Holden: Mathematics for Business and Economics; Macmillan India, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARHMUSLIMUNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
AUDITING (CMB-253)
B.Com. IInd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective
This course aims at imparting knowledge about the principles and methods of Auditing
and their application
COURSE INPUTS
UNIT – I FUNDAMENTALS OF AUDITING: Nature, Objective, Techniques and
Auditing, Importance of Auditing, Classification of Auditing, Limitations of
Auditing, Classes of Errors & Frauds Concept of Auditor’s Independence,
Relationship of Auditing with other Disciplines. Verification Programme-
Selection Verification; Audit in Depth test Checking, Routine Checking and
Vouchers. Audit Procedure: Vouching; Verification of Assets and
Liabilities.

UNIT – II INTERNAL CONTROL AND INTERNAL CHECK: elements of internal

control, evaluation of internal control system, internal control check list,
tests of control, concept of internal audit.
AUDIT OF LIMITED COMPANIES: Company Auditors Qualifications,
Disqualifications Appointment Removal, Remuneration, Rights, Duties and
Liabilities; Audit of Share Capital, Share Transfer; Auditors Report-
contents and types Auditor’s certificate.

UNIT – III AUDIT SAMPLING: Types of sampling, Test Checking, Techniques of Test
Check, Sampling Risk, Audit Sampling and Sampling Methods, Compliance
Tests and Substantive Tests, Auditing in Depth. Analytical Review
Procedure. Audit Report; Disclosures, Auditor’s Reports and Certificates.

UNIT – IV SPECIAL AREAS OF AUDIT AND THEIR AUDIT REPORT: Internal Audit,
Cost Audit, Tax Audit, Audit of Banks, Audit of Public Sector Undertakings
statutory Corporations, Govt. Companies, and Audit of Non-profit
Companies.
Suggested Books:
1. Auditing and Assurance Standards issued by the ICAI, New Delhi.
2. Principles of Audit and Internal Auditing by Dhruba Duta chowdhury, New Central Book Agency P. Ltd.
Kolkata-700009.
3. Principles and Practice of Auditing by R.G. Saxena, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
4. Ashraf Ali M., Principles & Practices, Regal Publications, New Delhi, 2013.
5. Ravinder Kumar &Virendar Sharma, Principles & Practice, PHI – Publication, 2011.
6. Kumar Arur&Rachana Sharma, Audtiting Theory Practice.
7. Sharma, T.R., uditing, SahityaBhawan, Agra, 2009.
8. Tandon B.N. & Others, A hand book of Practical Auditing, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2010.
9. Basu, S.K., Auditing Principles & Techniques, Pearson Education, 2008.
10. Gupta, Kamal, Contemporary Auditing (5th edition), Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1999.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT (CMB254)
B.Com. IInd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks
Objectives:

This course aims at acquainting the students with the emerging environment of business
at the national and the international level in the light of the policies of liberalization and
globalization.

Course Inputs:
Unit – I THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: Concept,
significance and nature of business environment; environmental scanning,
elements of business environment – internal and external environment.

Unit – II ECONOMIC TRENDS (OVERVIEW): Income; Savings and investment; Trends

in selected macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, NNP, Inflation, Trade
Balance, components of balance of payments, Money; Finance; Prices.

Unit – III PROBLEMS OF GROWTH: Unemployment, Poverty, Regional imbalances,

Inflation, Parallel economy, Industrial sickness.
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT: Monetary and Fiscal policy, Industrial Policy,
Industrial Licensing, Privatization, Export-Import Policy, Regulation of
Foreign Investment.

Unit – IV INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: International trading environment

(overview), Trends in world trade and the problems of developing countries,
foreign trade and economic growth, International economic groupings: like
EU, OPEC, SAARC, ASEAN, and NAFTA. International economic institutions -
GATT, WTO, UNCTAD, World Bank, IMF.

Suggested Reading:

1. Sundaram& Black: The International Business Environment; Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
2. Agarwal A.N.: Indian Economy; Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.
3. Khan Farooq A: Business and Society; S. Chand,. Delhi.
4. Dutt R. and Sundharam K.P.M; Indian Economy; S.Chand, Delhi.
5. Hedge Ian: Environmental Economics; MacMillan, Hampshire.
6. DuttRuddar: Economic Reforms in India - A Critique; S.Chand, New Delhi.
7. Cherunilam Francis: Business Environment, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
8. Aswathappa K: Essentials of Business Environment, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
9. AhujaH.L:Economic Environment of Business, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
10. Bezborah P. & Singh Ranjit, Business Environment, Kalyani Publishers.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
ADVERTISING AND SALES MANAGEMENT
Optional (CMB-255)
B.Com. IInd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: The course aims at enabling the students to develop an in-depth understanding of the
modern concepts and latest techniques of advertising and personal selling and sales force management
which constitute a fast-growing area of marketing.

Course Contents:
Unit – I ADVERTISING: Concept, Nature, Scope, Objectives, Types, Social and Economic
Aspect of Advertising, Relationship with Product Life Cycle (PLC), Advertising as
a communication Process.
ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN: Types, Planning and Managing Advertising
campaign, Advertising strategies.
ADVERTISING BUDGET: Budget process, Administering the Budget.

Unit – II MEDIA: Types, Media Planning process, Media Selection and Multi-Medial
Strategies.
ADVERTISING LAYOUT: Components and its position, Evaluation of
Advertisements, Measuring advertising effectiveness.
ADVERTISING AGENCIES: Structure, Functions and Client Relationship, Laws
and ethics of advertising in India.

Unit – III SALES MANAGEMENT: Concept, Objectives, Selling process, Personal Selling
objectives, Determining Sales related marketing Policies.
PROMOTION DECISIONS: Communication Process; Promotion mix -advertising,
personal selling, sales promotion, publicity and public relations; Determining
advertising budget; Copy designing and testing; Media selection; Advertising
effectiveness; Sales promotion –tools and techniques.

Unit – IV SALES FORCE MANAGEMENT & SALES ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES:

Sales Force Management: Recruiting and selecting sales personnel, Training
sales force Motivating Sales Personnel, Compensating Sales Personnel, Managing
expenses of sales personnel, Staff meeting and Sales Contests.
Sales Organization Structures: Types of sales organization structure,
Relationship of sales department with other departments, Distributive network
relations, Organization challenges in Sales Team, Recent trends in Sales
Organization.

Suggested Readings:
1. Chunawalla, S.A., “Advertising, Sales and Promotion Management”, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
2. Mohan, Manendra., “Advertising Management”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Rathor, B.S., “Advertising Management, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Aaker, David A., Rajeev Batra and John G. Mayers, Advertising Management, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
5. Belch, G.E. and Belch, M.A., “Advertising and Promotion”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
6. Jones, J.P., “What’s in a brand”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
INSURANCE MANAGEMENT
Optional (CMB-256)
B.Com. IInd Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: The course aims at a familiarizing the participants with the concept of insurance
and its management, various insurance policies and their structure along with the legal
dimensions involved.

Course Contents:
Unit – I INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF INSURANCE: Origin and Development,
Meaning, Characteristics, Function and Scope of Insurance.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE: Socio–Economic
significance of Insurance, Risk and Hazards, Management of Risks.
FIRE INSURANCE: Meaning, Scope, Issue of Fire Insurance Policy, Types of
Plans, Conditions of Fire Insurance Policy.

Unit – II MARINE INSURANCE: Meaning, Scope, Procedure of Issuing policy, Types

of Marine Insurance Policy, Condition, Calculation of Premium, Marine
Losses and Settlement of Claims.
LIFE INSURANCE: Meaning, Need, Functions and Development of Life
Insurance in India Fundamental Principles, Kinds of Policies, Procedure
for taking a policy, Mortality table, Factors entering into calculation of
premium (problems).

Unit – III LEGAL FRAME WORK OF INSURANCE: Insurance and Law of Contracts,
Characteristics of an Insurance Contract, Interpretation of the Contract,
Doctrine of informal Warranties and beneficent interpretation.

Unit – IV MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF INSURANCE: Claims and

Loss Control, Underwriting and Pricing of Insurance, Retention and Re-
Insurance; Financial Structure, Reserves of Property and Liabilities of
Insurer, Earned Surplus and Profitability, Insurer’s Investment, Financial
Reporting.

Suggested Readings:
1. Dr. P.K. Gupta., “Insurance and Risk Management”, Himalaya Publishing House.
2. Tripathy, N.M. and Pai, P., “Insurance, Theory and Practice”, Prentice Hall.
3. Mishra, M.N., “Insurance Principles and Practice, Sultan Chand, New Delhi.
4. Khan, A., “Theory and Practice of Insurance”, Educational Book House.
5. D.C., Shrivastav., Indian Insurance Industry, Transition and Prospects, Shashank Srivastava
Publisher, New Centaury Publication.
6. Dorfman, M.S., “Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance”, Prentice Hall.
 B.Com. IV Semester (CBCS)
S. No. Name of Paper Code
1. Management Accounting CMB-451
2. International Business CMB-452
3. Management of Banking & Insurance CMB-453
4. Personality Development Programme CMB-455
5. Indian Economy CMB-458

Open Elective:
6. Marketing of Services CMB-456
6. Labour Economics CMB-457
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (CMB-451)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This course provides the students an understanding of the application of

accounting techniques for managerial decision making.

COURSE INPUTS

Unit-I INTRODUCTION: Concept, Meaning, Objectives, Nature Scope and Functions of

Management Accounting. Role of Management Accounting in Decision Making,
Management Accounting V/S Financial and Cost Accounting. Management
Accounting Process, Tools and Techniques of Management Accounting.

Unit-II MARGINAL COSTING: Concept of Marginal Costing, Advantages and Limitations

of Marginal Costing, Difference between Absorption and Marginal Costing. Cost-
Volume-Profit Analysis: Marginal Cost Equation, Contribution, Profit-Volume
Ratio, Break-Even Analysis, Margin of Safety.
STANDARD COSTING: Meaning of Standard Cost and Standard Costing,
Advantages, Limitations and Applications, Variance Analysis- Material, Labour,
Overheads and Sales Variances. Disposition of Variances, Control Ratios.

Unit-III BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL SYSTEM: Meaning and Objectives of

Budget, Budgetary Control: Essentials of Successful Budgetary Control, Merits,
and Limitations of Budgetary Control, Fixed and Flexible Budget. Zero Base
Budgeting, Programme and Performance Budgeting.

Unit-IV CONTEMPORARY ISSUES:

Responsibility Accounting: Concept, Significance, Different Responsibility
Centres.
Divisional Performance Management: Financial and Non-Financial Measures.
Transfer Pricing.

Suggested Books:
1. Sharma, R. K. & Gupta, S. K., Management Accounting Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. Yameen, M., Managerial Accounting & Financial Analysis, Tanishq Publication House,
New Delhi.
3. Sikidar, S &Gautam, H. C., Financial Statement Analysis,
4. Khan, M. Y. & Jain, P. K.,Management Accounting - Tata McGraw Hill Co.
5. Arora M.N., Cost Accounting-Principles and Practices; Vikas, New Delhi.
6. Jain S.P.&Narang K.L., Cost Accounting; Kalyani, New Delhi.
7. Khan M.Y.and Jain P.K., Management Accounting; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
8. Pillai, R.S.N., Management Accounting, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Gupta, S.P., Management Accounting, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi.
10. Gupta, K.L., Management Accounting, SahityaBhawan Publications, Agra.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS (CMB-452)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objectives: This course aims at acquainting the students with the emerging
environment of business at the national and the international level in the light of
the policies of liberalization and globalization.
Course Inputs:
Unit – I THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: Meaning,
Nature and Importance. Types of International Business, International
Business Approaches: Classical, Neo-Classical Approach, Modern
Approach.
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: Meaning of Multinational
Corporations, Role and importance of Multinational corporations in
international business, FDI and MNCs, Home and Host Country issues.

Unit – II INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: Globalization- Forces,

Meaning, Dimensions and Stages in Globalization, Protectionism and
Trade Barriers.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE: Determination of Exchange Rate – Fixed, Flexible
and Managed. Foreign Exchange and Balance of Payments adjustment.

Unit – III THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE: Absolute Advantage Theory,

Comparative Cost Advantage Theory, Factor Endowment Theory, Leontief
Paradox, New Trade Theory.

Unit – IV INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DECISIONS & ORGANISATIONS: Modes of

Entry, Marketing Mix, Factors Affecting Decision for International
Business, Tariff and Non-tariff barriers- Trade Blocks. Role of
International Institutions (WTO, IMF, IBRD, IDA, IFC, UNCTAD) in
International Business.
Suggested Reading:
1. Sundaram& Black: The International Business Environment; Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
2. International Business - Governance Structure :Ramu S Shiva
3. International Finance : P. G. Apte
4. International Marketing Management :Varshney and Bhattacharya
5. International Business : Francis Cherulinam Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai
6. InternationaBusiness : Rao and Rangachari
7. Economic Environment of Business : Mishra, Puri. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai
8. International Business : P. Subba Rao, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai
9. International Economics : M. L. Jhingan, Vrinda Publications, Delhi
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
MANAGEMENT OF BANKING & INSURANCE (CMB453)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Unit – I Indian Banking System, Evaluation of Indian Banking, Types of Banks,

Nationalization of Banks, Indian Banking before reforms and after
reforms, Commercial Banks, Private Foreign Banks, RBI, Banking
Regulation Act 1949, Rural Banking, Regional Rural Banks, and
Cooperative Banks.

Unit – II Definition of Insurance, Nature of Insurance, Evaluation of Insurance,

Classification and Role of Insurance Policies, Insurance Contract, LIC Act
1956, GIC Act 1972, IRDA 1999, Prospects of Insurance, Privatization of
Insurance, Insurance Procedure in India, Banc. Assurance.

Unit – III Internet Banking and its benefits, Home Banking, Mobile Banking, Virtual
Banking, Electronic Clearing System (ECS), E-payments, Plastic Money,
Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT), E-money: Electronic Purse, Digital Cash,
Safeguards for Internet Banking, Critical comparison of traditional
banking methods and e-banking.

Unit -IV Lending: Principles of sound lending, Secured vs. unsecured advances,
Types of advances, Advances against various securities. Internet Banking:
Meaning, Benefits, E-payments.
Cheques and Paying Banker: Crossing and Endorsement: meaning,
definition, types and rules of crossing. Collecting Bankers: duties, statutory
protection for holder in due course, concept of negligence .

Suggested Readings:
1. Bhasin, Niti. Indian Financial System: Evolution and Present Structure, New Century Publications.
2. Agarwal, O.P. Banking and Insurance. Himalya Publication House.
3. Suneja, H.R. Practical and Law of Banking. Himalaya Publishing House.
 Department of Commerce
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
INDIAN ECONOMY (CMB-458)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks
Objective: This subject aims at giving students a reasonable introduction to Indian
economy.
COURSE INPUTS

Unit-I Basic issues in Economic Development: Concept and Measures of

Development and Underdevelopment, Human Development.
Indian Economy at Independence: Composition of National Income and
Occupational Structure, The Agrarian scene and Industrial Structure.

Unit-II Structure of Indian Economy: Basic features of Indian economy, Broad

demographic features of India, Trend in National Income and Per capita
Income, Sectoral composition of output and employment. Five Year Plans:
An overview,
NITI Aayog - Structure, objectives and working, Regional disparities,
Poverty and Inflation: meaning, extent, causes and remedial measures.

Unit-III Agriculture: Trends in agricultural production and productivity, Factors

determining productivity, Institutional and technological reforms, Capital
formation, Agricultural price policy, Food security and Public Distribution
System.
Rural Sector and Industry: Rural credit and role of NABARD, Rural
employment schemes, Industrial growth during plans, Industrial policy of
1948, 1956 and 1991, Micro Small and Medium enterprises: problems and
prospects.

Unit-IV Foreign Trade: Trends, composition and direction, Causes and effects of
persistent deficit in the Balance Of Payments, Trade reforms in India,
Convertibility of Rupee, Features of New Trade Policy.
Public Finance: India’s tax system, Ratio of Direct And Indirect Taxes,
Goods and Services Tax (GST), Public expenditure in India-Classification
and Trends, Public Debt in India: Classification, Trends and Management.

Suggestive readings:
1. Agarwal A.N, India Economy, Wishwa Prakashan, 2012
2. Bansil P.C. Agricultural Problems of India, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
3. Bhalla, G.S, Indian Agriculture since Independence (2008), NBT. New Delhi
4. Dutt and Mahajan, India Economy, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 68th Edition
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CMB-455)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks
OBJECTIVE:
 To groom the students
 To impart oral and written communication skills that contribute towards
organizational effectiveness
 To acquaint with the etiquettes of business communication

COURSE CONTENTS:

Unit - I PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: Personality- Definition and Concept,

Personality v/s character, Personality v/s individuality, Role of heredity
and learning, Elements of personality patterns, Personality syndromes,
Personality determinants: physical, intellectual, emotional, social, gender
educational and family.
Unit - II PERSONALITY GROOMING: Formal and informal clothing, Office
etiquettes, Social etiquettes, Business etiquettes, Confidence-building,
Emotional intelligence, Time management, Effective Personality,
Overcoming hesitations. Stress Management: Causes, Impact and
Managing Stress.
Unit - III COMMUNICATION SKILLS & BUSINESS WRITING:
Skills: Listening, Communication Barriers, Overcoming Communication
Barriers.
Business Writing: Designing resume, letter/email of invitation, Notice-
board communication, Report-writing, Press note, Covering letters,
Handling interviews.

Unit - IV PRESENTATIONS & PUBLIC SPEAKING: Designing and delivering

presentations, Team Presentations. Group discussions, Public speaking:
Debate, Speech, Extempore, Body language and gestures, Creative
Thinking, Seminar, Symposiums.

Suggested Readings:
1. Kaul, Asha (2005)(, Effective Business Communication, PHI, New Delhi.
2. Munter, Mary (2002), Guide to Managerial Communication: Effective Writing & Speaking, PHI, New Delhi.
3. Mandal S.K. (2007), Effective Communication and Public Speaking, Jaico, Mumbai.
4. Ravi Aggarwal (2008): Communication Today & Tomorrow, Sublime Publications, Jaipur.
5. Atkinson and Hilgard’s, Introduction to Psychology, 14th Edition Edward E. Smith, Susan Nolen-
Hoeksema, Barbara Fredrickson, Geoffrey Loftus
6. Bernard M. Bass and Irwin A. Berg (1959). Objective Approaches to Personality Assessment, Princeton,
New Jersey.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
MARKETING OF SERVICES
Open Elective (CMB-456)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Course Objective: This objective of this course is to develop insights into emerging trends in
the service sector in a developing economy and tackle issues involved in the management of
services.

COURSE INPUTS:
UNIT - I Introduction: Concept, Difference between Product and Services
Marketing, Characteristics of Services Classification of Services, Paradigms
in Services Marketing.
Importance of Customer Relationship Management: Specific for
Service Industry.

UNIT - II Service Marketing System: Service Quality, Understanding Customer

Expectations and Zone of Tolerance, Segmentation and Zone of Tolerance,
Targeting and Positioning of Services, Importance of Service Marketing
System.

UNIT - III Services Marketing Mix: Augmented Marketing Mix, Developing the
Service Product/ Intangible Product, Service Product Planning, Service
Pricing Strategy, Services Promotions, Services Distributions.
Physical Evidence: Role of Communication in Service Marketing, People
and Internal Communication, Process of Operations and Delivery of
Services, Role of Technology in Services Marketing.

UNIT - IV Marketing of Financial Services: Deciding the Service Quality,

Understanding the Customer Expectations, Segmenting, Targeting and
Positioning of Financial Services, Devising Financial Services,
Marketing Mix Strategies with Special Reference to Credit Cards, Home
Loans, Insurance and Banking, Marketing of Telecom/Insurance Services.

Suggested Readings
1. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, Prentice
Hall of India.
2. Verma, H.V., Marketing of Services, New Delhi, Global Business Press, 1993.
3. Varshney and Gupta, Marketing Management, Sultan Publications.
4. Varma, M.M. and Agarwal, R.K., Marketing Management, Forward Publishing Company.
5. Aradhani, Marketing of Financial Services, Himalaya Publications.
6. Lovelock, Christopher, H., Services Marketing, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, Inc.
1993.
7. Newton, M.P. Payne, The Essence of Services Marketing, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
LABOUR ECONOMICS
Open Elective (CMB-457)
B.Com. IVth Semester (CBCS)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Course Objective: Labour Economics helps the students of Economics to understand the
nature of Labour Market, Issues related to employment, wage determination, Industrial
relations and the role of the state.

COURSE INPUTS:
UNIT - I Labour Economics: Meaning, Concepts, Importance of labour, Nature, Scope
&Importance of Labour Economics.
Labour Markets: Nature & Features of Labour Markets, Labour market policies,
Mobility of labour, Labour Marketing reforms.
Major issues of Indian labour market: Labour Absenteeism, Labour turnover,
Labour Productivity, Labour Migration and mobility.

UNIT - II Employment & Wage Determination:

Employment: Importance of employment in the context of poverty in
developing countries; Concept and measurement of unemployment Causes-
Issues relating to employment, rationalization, technological, change and
modernization.
Wage Determination: Classical, Neo classical and bargaining theories of wage
determination, Concepts of minimum wages, Living wage and fair wage in theory
and practice, Wage determination in various sectors, Rural, Urban, Organised
and unorganized policy.

UNIT - III Industrial Relations: Concept, Scope, Components and Importance, Factors
affecting Industrial Relations; Industrial disputes: causes & other settlement,
Preventive Mechanism.

UNIT - IV State and Social Security of Labour: Concept of Social Security and its
evolution; Special problems of labour: Child Labour, Female Labour.
Establishment of International Labour Organisation (ILO): Aims and
Objectives of ILO, Impact of ILO on India

Suggested Readings
1. Datt, G (1996), Bargaining Power, Wages and Employment: An Analysis of Agricultural, Labour; Markets
in India; Sage Publications, New Delhi.
2. Hajela, P.D. (1998), Labour Restructuring in India: A Cretique of the New Economic Policies, Common
Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Lester, R.A. (1964), Economics of Labour (2nd Edition), Miacmillan, New Delhi.
4. McConnell, C.R. and C.R. and S.L. Brue (1986), Contemporary Labour Economics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
5. VenkataRatnam, C.S. (2001), Globalization and Labour-Management Relations: Dynamics of Changes,
Sage Publications/Response Books, New Delhi.
6. Papola, T.S.P.P. Ghosh and A.N. Sharma (Eds) (1993), Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in
India, B.R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
7. P. Subbarao, (2005) Essentials of Human Resource Management & Industrial Relations, Himalaya
Publishing, New Delhi.
 B.Com. VI Semester (CBCS)

S. No. Name of Paper Code

1. Project-Cum-Presentation CMB-651
2. Fundamentals of Investment CMB-652
3. Corporate Social Responsibility CMB-653
4. Customer Relationship Management CMB-655
5. Entrepreneurship CMB-656
6. Income Tax – II CMB-657
 Department of Commerce
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
PROJECT-CUM-PRESENTATION (CMB-651)
B.Com. VIth Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Project - 70 Marks
Presentation – 30 Marks

The student is required to prepare a handwritten project

(Maximum 50 pages in Spiral Binding) on the topic assigned
by the Department and deliver a presentation on Power Point.
The student will be evaluated on:
1) Evaluation of Project will be done on the basis of quality
and content.
2) Presentation will be judged on the parameters of
Language, Content, Body Language and Skills.
 Department of Commerce
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTMENT (CMB-652)
B.Com. VIth Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This course exposes the students to the various concepts of investment and
provides an in-depth study of various issues there under.
Course Inputs
UNIT-I Investment: Nature and scope of investment analysis; Elements of investment
return, risk and time elements; Objectives of investment; Determinants of
Investment, Types of Investments: Financial investments -securities and
derivatives, deposits in banks, post offices and other institutions, tax- sheltered
investments; Non-financial investment -real estate, gold, commodities, precious
metals and other types and their characteristics; Sources of financial information,
Investment decision process, Golden rules of investment.
UNIT-II Security Return and risk analysis; Measurement of return and risk;
Classifications of Risk: Systematic and Unsystematic risk.
Valuation of Fixed Income Securities: Bonds, debentures, preference shares, and
convertible securities. Valuation of variable Income Securities: Equity shares.
Investment by Individuals: Investment policies of individuals; Tax saving schemes
in India.

UNIT- III Investment Analysis: Concept, process and Approaches of Investment Analysis:
Fundamental Approach: Economic analysis, industry analysis and company
analysis. Technical Analysis: Concept, assumptions and techniques, various charts
and patterns, indices; Interpretation of various types of trends and indices.
Efficient Market Hypothesis: Concept and assumptions, Weak, semi-strong and
strong forms of market; Testing of different forms of market efficiency and their
significance.

UNIT-IV Investors Protection: SEBI’s regulations for investor education and protection,
Role of SEBI and stock exchanges in investors protection; Investor grievances and
their redressal system, Insider trading, Investors’ awareness and activism.
References

1. Fischer, Donald, E. and Ronald, J. Jordan: Security Analysis and portfolio Management, Prentice Hall, Delhi.
2. Avadhani V.A.: Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Himalaya Publishing House.
3. Chandra, Prasanna, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Rustogi, R.P., Fundamentals of Investment, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
5. Agarwala, K.N. and DeekshaAgarwala: Bulls, Bears and The Mouse, Macmillan, New Delhi.
6. Cheney, J. and E. Muses: Fundamentals of Investments, Paul, New York.
7. Clark, James Fransis: Investment- Analysis and Management, McGraw Hill, International Edition.
8. Dalton, John M: How the Stock Markets Works, Prentice Hall, Delhi.
9. Domodran: Investment Valuation, John Wiley, New York”
10. Fabozzi, Frank J: Investment Management, Prentice Hall, International Edition
11. Dhanesh Kumar Khatri, D.K.: Investment Management and Security Analysis, Trinity Press Pvt Ltd
 Department of Commerce
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
(CMB-653)
B.Com. VIth Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This subject aims to impart basics of corporate social responsibility issues and
challenges.

Unit-I Introduction to CSR: Meaning & Definition of CSR, History & Evolution of CSR.
Concept of Charity, Corporate Philanthropy, Corporate Citizenship, CSR-an
overlapping concept. Concept of Sustainability & Stakeholder Management.

Unit-II CSR Issues: CSR through triple bottom line and Sustainable Business; Relation
between CSR and Corporate Governance; Environmental aspect of CSR;
Chronological Evolution of CSR in India; Models of CSR in India.

Unit-III Global Perspective: International framework for Corporate Social

Responsibility, Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development
Goals, Relationship between CSR and MDGs.
Global Principles: United Nations (UN) Global Compact 2011, UN guiding
principles on business and human rights, OECD CSR policy tool, ILO tri-partite
declaration of principles on Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy.

Unit-IV Legal Issues: CSR - Legislation In India & the world, Section 135 of Companies
Act 2013, Scope for CSR Activities under Schedule VII, Appointment of
Independent Directors on the Board.
CSR Activism: The Drivers of CSR in India, Market based Pressure And
Incentives, Civil Society Pressure, Regulatory environment in India.

Suggestive readings:
1. Blowfield, Michael, and Alan Murray, Corporate Responsibility, Oxford University Press.
2. Francesco Perrini, Stefano, and Antonio Tencati, Developing Corporate Social
Responsibility-A European Perspective, Edward Elgar. University of Delhi.
3. Sharma, J.P., Corporate Governance, Business Ethics & CSR, Ane Books Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi.
4. Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Cases: The Indian - C. V. Baxi, Ajit Prasad
 Department of Commerce
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)
(CMB-655)
B.Com. VIth Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This subject aims to make students understand the importance and relevance of
CRM in the modern world.

Unit-I CRM Concepts: Introduction, CRM defined - Success factors, Acquiring

customers, Customer Loyalty and optimizing Customer Relationships, Service
Level Agreements (SLAs).
CRM in Marketing: One-to-one Relationship Marketing, CRM with on line
customers, Cross Selling & Up Selling, Customer Retention, Event-based
Marketing, CRM and Customer Service.

Unit-II Analytical CRM: Managing and sharing customer data, Customer Information
and Databases, Ethics and Legalities of data use.
Data Warehousing and Data Mining concepts: Data analysis, Market Basket
Analysis (MBA), Click Stream Analysis, Personalization and Collaborative
Filtering.

Unit-III CRM Implementation: Defining success factors, Preparing a Business Plan

requirements, Justification and Processes. - Choosing CRM tools, Defining
functionalities - Homegrown versus Outsourced Approaches

Unit-IV Managing Customer Relationships: Conflict, Complacency, Resetting the

CRM Strategy, Selling CRM Internally, CRM Development Team, Scoping and
Prioritizing, Development and Delivery.

Suggestive readings:

1. Alok Kumar Rai, Customer Relationship Management Concept & Cases, Prentice Hall of
India Private Limited, New Delhi. 2011
2. S. Shanmugasundaram, Customer Relationship Management, Prentice Hall of India
Private Limited, New Delhi, 2008
3. Kaushik Mukherjee, Customer Relationship Management, Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited, New Delhi, 2008
4. V. Kumar & Werner J., Customer Relationship Management, Willey India, 2008
 Department of Commerce
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
ENTREPRENEURSHIP (CMB-656)
B.Com. VIth Semester (CBCS)

Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Objective: This subject aims to develop the understanding of entrepreneurship and the
theoretical developments around it.

Unit-I Introduction: Meaning & characteristics of Entrepreneurship, Classification of

Entrepreneurships, Incorporation of Business –Role of Entrepreneurship in
economic development, Start-ups. Financing Options for Startups: Individual
funding, Angel funding, Crowd funding and Venture capital.
Entrepreneur: Meaning of Entrepreneur, Skills required being an
Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurial Decision Process, Mentors and Support System.

Unit-II Types of Business Entities: Entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises. Concept of Business Groups and role of Business Houses and
Family Business in India. The Contemporary role models in Indian Business:
their values, business philosophy and behavioural orientations. Conflict in
Family Business and its resolution.

Unit-III Idea Generation and Opportunity Assessment: Ideas in Entrepreneurships,

Sources of New Ideas, Techniques for generating ideas, Opportunity
Recognition, Steps in tapping opportunities.
Project Formulation and Appraisal: Preparation of Project Report – Content,
Guidelines for Report preparation, Project Appraisal techniques – Economic
Analysis, Financial Analysis, Market Analysis, and Technical Feasibility.

Unit-IV Institutions Supporting Small Business Enterprises: Central level

Institutions - NABARD, SIDBI, NIC, KVIC, SIDIO, NSIC, State level Institutions –
DICs, SFCs, SSIDC, Other financial assistance.
Government Policy and Taxation Benefits: Government Policy for SSIs- Tax
Incentives and Concessions, Make in India, Start Up India

Suggestive readings:

1. Arya Kumar, Entrepreneurship, Pearson, Delhi, 2012.

2. Poornima M, Entrepreneurship Development –Small Business Enterprises, Pearson,
Delhi, 2009
3. Michael H. Morris, et. al., Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Cengage Learning, New
Delhi, 2011
4. KanishkaBedi, Management and Entrepreneurship, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2009
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
INCOME TAX – II (CMB657)
B.Com. (VIth Semester)
Credit – 04
Max. Marks -100
Sessional - 30 Marks
Examination - 70 Marks

Course Objective: This course is to equip the students with knowledge of the
basics of Direct Tax (Income Tax Act 1961) and its implications.

COURSE INPUTS:

UNIT - I Income under the head Capital Gain [Sec. 45-55]: Basis of
charges; Capital assets: financial & nonfinancial assets- short term &
long term; Transfer of capital assets; short term or long term capital
gain or loss; deductible expenses: transfer cost, cost of acquisition &
improvement cost; Computation of Capital gain including special
cases; Rates of taxes on capital gains U/S-111A, 112.
Income from other sources [Sec.56-58]: Basis of charges;
Exempted income; provision of deductible & non-deductible
expenses; Computation of total income; Rates of taxes.

UNIT – II Aggregation / Clubbing of Income: Aggregation & clubbing of

income – Assessment of Individuals, HUF and Firm, Computation of
Tax Liability.

UNIT – III Set off and Carry Forward of Losses: Method of Computation.
Deductions (U/S 80C to 80U), Tax Deduction at Source & Advance
payment of tax, Tax planning including evasion and avoidance, Tax
Management.
Tax Administration: Income Tax authorities & their Powers-CBIT,
Chief Commissioner of Income Tax (CIT), CIT (Appeals), Assessing
officers (A.Os)- Deputy Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner,
Income Tax Officer; Appeals, penalties and prosecutions.
Suggested Readings
1. Singhania V.K: Students’ Guide to Income Tax; Taxmann Publications, New Delhi, 2013-2014.
2. Mehrotra H.C: Income Tax Law & Accounts; Sahitya Bhawan, Agra, 2013-2014.
3. Girish Ahuja and Ravi Gupta: Systematic approach to income tax ; Bharat Law House, New
Delhi.
4. Chandra Mahesh and Shukla D.C.: Income Tax Law and Practice; Pragati Publications, New
Delhi.
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