Sipnayan 2017: Written Round, Two Hours
Sipnayan 2017: Written Round, Two Hours
Inexact wording. With thanks to Vincent Dela Cruz and Ralph Daniel Valdres for providing
the questions. If you have any corrections, please contact me at [email protected], or through my
Facebook account, Carl Joshua Quines.
2. Kervin makes a mathematical pyramid. He writes one 1 on top, two 2s on the next layer,
three 3s on the next, and so on. He stops on the 50th layer, with fifty 50s. What is the sum
of his inputs? [42925]
3. In a table, one person can sit on the shorter side and four people on the longer side. If Minnie,
Jasmin and Isidro want to sit on the same side of the table with 7 other people, how many
ways can this happen? [120960]
1
4. What is the maximum value of |sin x cos x| for x ∈ Z?
2
5. A circle is tangent to line 2x − y = 4 at (4, 4). If the center of the circle is
on the y-axis, find
the equation of the circle. x2 + (y − 6)2 = 20
6. Seven indistinguishable vials are placed in a row. A random vial is poisoned. The vials were
“swapped” 13 times, a “swap” being switching the positions of the adjacent vials. What isthe
1
probability that the leftmost vial is poisoned?
7
7. Find the sum of all two-digit prime numbers written as 10x + y such that x2 + 8y = y 2 + 8x.
[152]
8. How many pairs of positive integers (a, b) where b > a exist such that 20172 − 20142 = b2 − a2 ?
[4]
3. Find the sum of all positive integers x < 2048 such that x is a multiple of 23 and is 6 less
than a multiple of 29. [4094]
2 ◦ 2 ◦ 2 ◦
2 2 ◦ 2 ◦ 2 ◦
2 8101
4. Evaluate cos 1 + cos 2 + · · · + cos 90 + sin 1 + sin 2 + · · · + sin 90 .
2
3x + x3
1+x
5. If f (x) = log , find f in terms of f (x). [3f (x)]
1−x 1 + 3x2
3. A class trial is held with 15 participants. When decided, all 15 participants vote “guilty”, “not
guilty”, or “abstain”. When at least half of the votes are guilty, or when this cannot happen,
the voting stops. What is the number of possible trials? []
33
4. The roots of 2x2 − 3x + 1 = 0 are a and b. Evaluate a5 + b5 .
32
5. Find the difference of the maximum and minimum solutions in (0, 2π) of the equation
4 cos3 2x − cos2 x + 3 = 16 cos2 x sin2 x − sin2 . []
Semifinals A
Easy, two points, thirty seconds
1. A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4 but not 100 or divisible by 400. How many leap
years were there since the Battle of Mactan (1521) until now? [121 leap years]
3
4. Jasmin thought of a polynomial of degree 2 and dares Isidro to guess what polynomial she
has thought of. Isidro first guesses x2 + 4x + 1, but Jasmin says for whatever value of x, that
polynomial would be less than what she has thought of. Isidro then guesses 3x2 + 12x + 9,
but this polynomial would be greater than what she has thought of for any x. Jasmin then
gives a hint for her polynomial, if x = 1, then the value of the polynomial is 9. What is the
4 2 16 7
polynomial expressed in the form ax2 + bx + c? x + x+
3 3 3
" √ #
−1 1 2 10
5. Evaluate sec 0.5 cos . Rationalize your answer.
4 5
2. Akira fills an urn with 10 chips such that 1 chip is labeled “1”, 2 chips are labeled “2”, 3
chips are labeled “3”, and 4 chips are labeled “4”. She draws 4 chips from the box without
replacement. What is the probability the sum of the numbers labeled on the 4 chips is divisible
1
by 3?
3
4x 4y 4x 4y 4 4
3. Given + = 9 and 2 + 2 = 35. Find + . [28]
y x y x x y
4
Semifinals B
Easy, two points, thirty seconds
1. Given a rectangle whose vertices are located at M (−5, 6), A(7, −3), T (−5, −3) and H(7, 6),
find the number of points with integer coordinates located within the interior of rectangle
M AT H. [88]
4. Minnie downloads a sample test at 30 kbps. After downloading 1/3 of the test, the speed
drops to 5 kbps. When half of the remaining were downloaded, the speed increased to 10 kbps.
Minnie calculates the average speed of the download. Chang also attempts to get the average
speed of the download. However, he only knows the different download speeds, and not the
amount downloaded at each speed, so Chang gets the average of the three speeds. Find the
difference between Minnie’s answer and Chang’s answer. [6 kbps]
5. The sum of odd factors of 2,916 can be expressed in the form 2a + b, where a and b are positive
integers, and a is the greatest number that can satisfy the given conditions. What is a + b?
[79]
1
Replaced after D5. What is the sum of the positive integers less than 100 that cannot be expressed as the sum of
two or more consecutive positive integers? Answer: 127.
5
4. Mabel decided to buy a jar of Surprise Me! Candies. In every jar there is a guarantee that
2/3 of the candies are sweet while the remaining are sour. After Mabel ate 10 of the candies,
the probability of getting a sweet candy is now 3/4. What is the minimum amount of sweet
candies in the jar at the beginning for this to be possible? [12]
5. Phineas decided to eat all the cupcakes and muffins in the Tristate Area so that Buford
would not be able to buy any. In order to eat that many pastries, he decided to clone himself.
Phineas and all his clones have the same appetite. In one hour, 100 clones can eat 1500
cupcakes and 1000 muffins. In two hours, 60 clones can eat 1200 cupcakes and 1500 muffins.
In three hours, 50 clones can eat 750 cupcakes and x muffins. Find x. [2250]
3. Suppose that the roots of x3 −3x2 −3x+7 = 0 are a, b and c, and the roots of x3 +rx2 +sx+t = 0
are a + b, b + c and c + a. Find the value of t. [2]
4. A number is a werpa number if it has at least two of the same digits and the sum of its digits
is even. For example, 969 is a werpa number but 995 is not. What is the sum of the three-digit
numbers that are not werpa numbers? [422,620]
5. Thor’s lightning blast follows the structure of the graph y = sin x. Prince Zuko’s lightning
5
bending follows the structure of the graph y = 2 cos x + π . On the other hand, Pikachu’s
2
Thunder follows the graph of y = 7 sin(x + 4π). The three of them were standing on a cliff
200m above the sea. If x is the horizontal distance and y is the vertical distance, how far away
are their lightning attacks from the point of origin when all three lightning attacks intersect
each other for the 2017th time? Give your answer in meters and you may express it in terms
of π. [2017π m]
Finals
Teams sequentially choose question order, and can skip between rounds. If not stated, mechanics
are as usual.
Spongebob (SS) groups teams into three-three: two teams getting correct get 1.5 times the points,
one team getting correct gets twice the points.
Gravity Falls (GF) gives teams the choice to get twice the alloted points if correct and deducted
the number of points if wrong or blank.
Fairly Odd Parents (FOP) gives team the choice to wish. Wishing gives twice points if correct,
penalized next FOP question if wrong. If penalized, a team cannot wish and gets half points if
correct. Teams cannot wish in last FOP question.
6
Jimmy Neutron (JN) gives teams a flag to raise: raising before 1/3 of the time is up gives twice if
correct, deduct if wrong, none if blank; raising before 1/2 the time is up gives 1.5 times if correct,
deduct 0.5 if wrong, none if blank.
Phineas and Ferb (PF) gives teams the choice to allow a randomly chosen team member to sit
out for 2.5 times the points if correct.
GF. Find all possible values of x where xlog x = 1000000x. [1000, 0.01]
FOP. Whilce draws an equilateral triangle with side length 20 cm. He wants to change the length of
its base so that its area is still preserved and that the lengths of the other two legs remain
√ the
same. What should the length of the new side be? 20 3 cm
JN. Seven people are seated in a round table. They decided to play a game that starts with a
person flipping a fair coin. If the result is heads, the person will pass the coin to the person on
his left. If the result is tails, the person will pass the coin to the person to the right. The first
person who is able to flip the coin twice wins. If Engel starts the game, what is the probability
33
of him winning the game?
64
24 9 8
PF. Find the sum of all possible values of x satisfying 9x2 − 24x − + 2 = 290.
x x 3
GF. Let an equilateral triangle and a circle be drawn such that the base of the triangle is tangent
to the circle (in diagram: circle passes through opposite vertex). What is the ratio of the
√ area
of the circle with the area of the triangle? π 3:4
FOP. Square F ERB has side length 17, and points P and I are exterior to the square such that
EP = BI = 8 and F P = RI = 15, find P I 2 . [1058]
√
JN. Find log3 x if log3 (log27 x) = log27 (log3 x). 3 3
1 2 3 a 2017
PF. Evaluate + + + · · · . Express your answer in the form 2 .
2017 20172 20173 b 20162
GF. If a and b are positive real numbers such that cos(x + 2y) = a and cos(x
h √ + 3y) = b,√what isi
the maximum value of sin(2x + 5y) in terms of a and b? a 1 − b2 + b 1 − a2
7
x+y
FOP. Let f : R → R be a function such that f (x + 1) + f (y − 1) = f . Evaluate
2
f (1) + f (99) f (2) + f (98) f (98) + f (2) f (99) + f (1)
−1 + − 2 +· · ·+ − 98 + − 99 .
99! 98! 2! 1!
[−4950]
q q
JN. Find the minimum value of (x + 3)2 + 49 + (x − 5)2 + 64. [17]
PF. Find all ordered triples (a, b, c) satisfying the following equations:
ln(5ab) = ln(aln b )
ln(5ac) = ln(aln c )
ln(bc) = ln(bln c ).
1
5e2 , e2 , e2
, , 1, 1
5
GF. A circular coin of radius 1 cm is thrown onto a regular hexagonal grid, or in other words, a
grid whose cells are regular hexagons. If the coin has a 25% chance of landing entirely
" √ inside
#
4 3
one of the cells, what is the side length of a cell? cm
3
FOP. A nonnegative number is said to be n-riffic if its base n representation consists only of 1s and
0s. Let L(n) denote the number of n-riffic numbers less than 2017. Find L(2) + L(3) + L(5) +
L(7) + L(11). [2209]
JN. Consider the white keys of the piano. The white keys follow the scale ABCDEFG, after which
it loops back to A; similarly walking backwards from A leads back to G, then F, then E, and
so on. Suppose a giant ant is placed on the A key in the middle of the keyboard. The ant
then takes 10 steps: a step moves the ant from the key it is currently on to either one of the
keys adjacent to it (chosen randomly with equal probability). Suppose that the ant always
has ample space to move either left or right. What is the probability that after 10 steps,
the
63
ant ends on any A key? Express the answer as a fraction in simplest terms.
256
sin J + sin M
PF. Consider triangle JM C with JM = 3, M C = 4 and CJ = 5. Find the value of +
cos J + cos M
sin M + sin C sin C + sin J
+ . [6]
cos M + cos C cos C + cos J