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Fertilization: Interstitial Implantation: Adhesion Supported

Fertilization is a complex process with several steps. It begins when a sperm binds to receptors on the zona pellucida of an ovum in the fallopian tube. The sperm then undergoes an acrosomal reaction, releasing enzymes that allow it to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuse with the ovum membrane. This fusion triggers calcium signaling and exocytosis of cortical granules that modify the zona pellucida, preventing polyspermy. The genetic material from the sperm and ovum then decondenses and the pronuclei form, with the ovum completing meiosis to become a haploid cell. Together, the sperm and ovum begin developing into an early

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21 views

Fertilization: Interstitial Implantation: Adhesion Supported

Fertilization is a complex process with several steps. It begins when a sperm binds to receptors on the zona pellucida of an ovum in the fallopian tube. The sperm then undergoes an acrosomal reaction, releasing enzymes that allow it to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuse with the ovum membrane. This fusion triggers calcium signaling and exocytosis of cortical granules that modify the zona pellucida, preventing polyspermy. The genetic material from the sperm and ovum then decondenses and the pronuclei form, with the ovum completing meiosis to become a haploid cell. Together, the sperm and ovum begin developing into an early

Uploaded by

Larraine Lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FERTILIZATION:  Disintegrates: flagellum and mitochondria

 Interstitial implantation: adhesion supported (most of the DNA is from the mother LOL)
migration of syncytiotrophoblasts into the endometrium  Decondensation of sperm DNA
along breakdown of ECM by secretion of matrix  Pronucleus around sperm DNA
metalloproteinases and other hydrolytic enzymes  Egg completes 2nd meiotic division
 Occurs in the ampulla  Same: 2nd meiotic division, pronucleus
 Involves  Centrosome: organize the chromosomes for replication to
o Chemoattraction of the sperm to the ovum further develop the forming zygote
o Adherence to the zona pellucida  Berne and Levy (6th ed); Ganong (24th ed)
o Penetration of the zona pellucida and acrosome
rxn
o Adherence of the sperm head to the cell
membrane of the ovum (with breakdown of the
area of fusion and release of sperm nucleus into
cytoplasm of the ovum)
 Overview:
o Sperm binds to a receptor in the zona
o Acrosomal reaction: breakdown of the acrosome
 Enzymes release: trypsin like acrosin
o When one membrane reaches the membrane of
the ovum, fusion of ovum membrane is mediated
by FERTILIN
o This fusion:
 signal that initiates development
 reduction of in the membrane potential of
the ovum that prevents polyspermy 
structural change in zona pellucida that
provides protection against polyspermy on
a long term basis
o Blastocyst  uterus : 3 days
o When the blastocyst is in contact with the
endometrium  surrounded by
syncytriotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
o Syncytiotrophoblast invdates the endometrium
and blastocyst implants
 USUAL SITE OF IMPLANTATION: dorsal wall of uterus
 Progesterone:
o Inhibts myometrial contrxn and prevents release
of paracrine factors that lead to menstruation
o Induces window of receptivity (Day 20 – Day 24)
 Inc adhesivity of the endometrial ep
 Formation of pinopodes (cellular
extensions)
 Increased adhesive proteins
 Dec antiadhesive proteins
 Endometrium during implantation: full thickness, actively
secreting, tightly adhering
 Steps (PCFCED – Pare, can Father Count Eggs Daw)
o STEP 1:
 Penetration of expanded cumulus by sperm
 Digestion of ECM of the cumulus by
hyaluronidase, PH – 20
o STEP 2: CAPACITATION
 Penetration of zona pellucida by sperm
 Binding of sperm to ZP3  release of
acrosomal enzymes : acrosomal rxn
 Secondary binding: ZP2  digestion of
zona pellucida
o STEP 3:
 Fusion of sperm and egg
o STEP 4:
 A Ca2+ signaling cascade
o STEP 5:
 Exocytosis of cortical granules  enzymes
are released to the outside of the egg upon
exocytosis  modify both ZP2 and ZP3
 ZP2: can no longer bind acrosome
reacted sperm
 ZP3: can no longer bind capacitated,
acrosome-intact sperm
 This ensures that only ONE sperm
enters the egg
o STEP 6:
 Entire sperm fuses with egg

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