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Assignment OOP - Zaman

This document discusses the difference between deep and shallow copying in C++. It provides an example class that dynamically allocates memory and shows that a shallow copy would cause issues due to memory leaks. To avoid this, the class must implement a copy constructor, overloaded assignment operator, and destructor to perform a deep copy and properly manage memory.

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45 views12 pages

Assignment OOP - Zaman

This document discusses the difference between deep and shallow copying in C++. It provides an example class that dynamically allocates memory and shows that a shallow copy would cause issues due to memory leaks. To avoid this, the class must implement a copy constructor, overloaded assignment operator, and destructor to perform a deep copy and properly manage memory.

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[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME]

OOP Assignment 2
Zaman Shahzad

BCS02163484

Submitted to: Sir Adrees


TASK 1
TASK 2
TASK 3

Difference B/W Deep and Shallow Copy


A shallow copy of an object, copies the values of all
the data members into another abject of same
class. When members are dynamically allocated, the
built-in copy constructor and operator= are not
going to be enough. In case of a class having
dynamically allocated members like below abc class.
class abc
{
public:
class(const char*str);
~class();
private:
char* stored;
};

We have to provide three things for class abc.


1. Write a proper copy constructor.
2. Overload the assignment operator.
3. Write a destructor that frees the memory.
When we provide above three things to avoid
memory leaks or undefined behavior, this operation
is called deep copy.

Shallow Copy Example with Issue


#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

class MyName
{
public:
MyName (const char *str);
~MyName ();
private:
char *emp_name;
};

MyName::MyName (const char *str)


{
emp_name = new char[strlen (str) + 1];
strcpy (emp_name, str);
}

MyName::~MyName ()
{
delete[]emp_name;
}

int main ()
{
MyName name ("wikistack");
MyName name1 = name; // initialie name1 from name object
return 0;
}

Here we will have issue after running the above code. Because we have not
Provide copy constructor and overloaded assignment operator in class MyName.

Deep Copy Example without Issue


#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

class MyName
{
public:
MyName (const char *str);
~MyName ();
MyName (const MyName & another);
void operator = (const MyName & another);
private:
char *emp_name;
};

MyName::MyName (const char *str)


{
emp_name = new char[strlen (str) + 1];
strcpy (emp_name, str);
}

MyName::~MyName ()
{
delete[]emp_name;
}
MyName::MyName (const MyName & another)
{
emp_name = new char[strlen (another.emp_name) + 1];
strcpy (emp_name, another.emp_name);
}

void
MyName::operator = (const MyName & another)
{
char *temp = new char[strlen (another.emp_name) + 1];
strcpy (temp, another.emp_name);
delete[]emp_name;
emp_name = temp;
}

int main ()
{
MyName name ("wikistack");
MyName name1 = name;
return 0;
}

Here we will have no issue after running the above code.

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