PROBLEM SET 1

(Binomial and Multinomial Expansion)

Note: For 991 ES USERS:

FOR FACTORIAL NUMBERS (!) ENTER: SHIFT x-1

FOR COMBINATION: SHIFT ÷

FOR REGRESSION: USE SHIFT 1 5 FOR REGRESSION

1 𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟗
1. Find the 6th term of the expansion ( − 3)16 , −
2𝑎 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝒂𝟏𝟏

2. Find the 5th term of the expansion of (𝑎 − 2𝑏)20 , 77520a16y4

1
3. Find the coefficient on the term involving x4 in the expansion of (3𝑥 − )10 , -262440
𝑥
1
4. Find the term involving x13 in the expansion of (4𝑥 2 + )14 , 524812288
𝑥
1 10 𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟔
5. Find the 6th term of the expansion of (3𝑥 − ) , −
𝑥2 𝒙𝟓
1
6. Find the constant term in the expansion of (𝑥 2 − )9 , 84
𝑥

7. Find the term involving x y in the expansion of (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 3 )7 , 241920

6 12

8. Find the term involving x3y2 in the expansion of (4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧)5 , 2560
9. Find the term involving x4y2 in the expansion of (4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)6 , 3840
10. Find the term involving x2yz in the expansion of (2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5𝑧)4 , 240
11. Find the sum of the coefficients of (𝑎 + 2𝑏)6 , 729
12. Find the sum of the coefficients of (3𝑥 + 1)4 , 255
13. Find the sum of the coefficients of (2𝑥 − 3)8 , -6560
14. Find the sum of the coefficients of (3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1)5 , 7775
15. Find the sum of the exponents of (𝑥 + 𝑦)6 , 42
16. Find the sum of the exponents of (3𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 4 )10 , 385
17. Find the sum of the coefficients of (3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2)8 , 6305
18. Find the sum of the exponents of (4𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 7 )3 , 54
2
19. Find the term involving x9 in the expansion of (𝑥 2 + )12 , 25344x9
𝑥

20. What is the sum of the coefficients of the expansion of (2𝑥 − 1)20 , 0
 PROBLEM SET 2

(Digit Problems, Mixture Problems, Age Problems, Work Problems, Clock Problems,
Remainder Theorem)

1. The sum of the digits of a 3-digit number is 17, the hundreds digit is twice the unit digit. If
396 is subtracted from the number, the order of the digits will be reversed. Find the units
digit. 4
2. 2000 kg of steel containing 8% nickel is to be made by mixing a steel containing 14%
nickel with another containing 6% nickel. How much of the 14% nickel is needed? 500
3. A chemist of distillery experimented on two alcohol solutions of different strength, 35%
alcohol and 50% alcohol respectively. How many cubic meters of 35% strength must he
use to produce a mixture of 60 cubic meters that contain 40% alcohol. 40
4. How many liters of water must be added to 80 liters of a 40% salt solution to produce a
solution that is 25% salt? 48
5. One number is 5 less than the other. If their sum is 135, what is the product of the
numbers? 4550
6. The sum of two numbers is 21 and one number is twice the other. Determine the product
of the numbers. 98
7. The denominator of a certain fraction is 3 more than twice the numerator. If 7 is added to
both terms of the fraction, the resulting fraction is 3/5. Find the original fraction. 5/13
8. The sum of the digits of a 3-digit number is 14. The hundreds digit being 4 times the unit
digit. If 594 is subtracted from the number, the order of the digits will be reversed. Find
the ten’s digit of the number. 4
9. Six years ago, Jun was 4 times as old as John. In 4 years, he would be twice as old as
John. How old is Jun now? 26
10. In 5 years, Jose would be twice the age of Ana. Five years ago, Jose was 4 times as old
as Ana. Find the sum of their present ages. 35
11. Jun can finish an accounting work in 8 hours. Leo can finish the same work in 6 hours.
After 2 hours of working together, Jun left Leo for lunch and Leo finished the job. How
long does it take Leo to finish the job? 2.5 hours
12. A can do a piece of work in 10 days. After he has worked 2 days, B came to help him
and together they finish the job in 3 days. In how many days could B alone do the work?
6 days
13. A and B can do a piece of work in 42 days, B and C in 31 days and A and C in 20 days.
Working together, how many days can all of them finish the work? 18.855 days
14. A, B and C can finish the same job is 7, 9 and 12 days respectively. All of them worked
for 2 days after which C was left to finish the job? How long did C work? 5.9 days
15. In how many minutes after 2 PM will the hands of the clock be at extend in opposite
direction for the first time? 43.6 min
16. At what time a between 3 PM to 4 PM will the hands of the clock be at right angle?
3:32 8/11 PM
17. In how many minutes after 3 PM will the hands of the clock be together for the first time.
16.36 min
18. In how many minutes after 7 PM will the hands of the clock be together for the first time?
38.18 min
19. At what time after 12 noon will be the hour hand and minute hand of the clock form an
angle of 120o? 21.818 min
20. Find the quotient and remainder when 4y3+18y2+8y-4 is divided by 2y+3?
2y2+6y-5 rem 11
21. What is the remainder when 3x4+2x3-5x2-5x+7 is divided by x-3? 262
22. What is the remainder when 3x4+3x3-5x2-5x+7 id divided by x+2i? 75+22i
23. Let f(x)=x5+ax4-3x3+bx-4. If f(x) is divided by x+7, the remainder is -3805, when divided
by x+1 the remainder is -1. What is the value of a? 5
24. A polynomial has an equation of x5-5x4+5x3+15x2+36x+20. How many rational roots
does it have? 0
25. How many real roots are there for a polynomial 7x7+5x5+3x3+x? 1
26. Find the least possible number of positive real zeros of the polynomial
P(x)=3x6+4x5+3x3-x-3. 1
27. Given p(x)=3x6+4x5+3x3-x-3, what is the maximum possible number of real zeros in
P(x)? 4
28. Find the value of k so that k-3 is a factor of x4-k2x2-kx-39=0. -7/3
29. Find the remainder when x3+3x2-5x+7 is divided by x+1-3i? 14-51i
30. Find the quotient when x3-x2+3x-6 is divided by x+2i. x2+(-1-2i)x-1+2i
31. Find the upper bound of the roots of x4-x3-2x2-4x-24=0. 3
32. Find the lower bound of the roots of x4-x3-2x2-4x-24=0. -2
33. In an organization, there are CE, ME, and EE. The sum of all their ages is 2160. Their
average is 36. The average of CE and ME is 39. The ME and the EE is 32 8/11 and the
CE and EE is 36 2/3. If each CE had been one year older, each ME 6 year older and
each ME 6 years older, their average age will increase by 5. Find the number of CE in
the organization. 16
34. Find the product of 2 numbers such that their sum multiplied by the sum of their squares
is 5500 and their difference multiplied by the difference of their squares is 352. 117
35. An alloy of silver and gold weigh 15 oz in air and 14 oz in water. Assume that silver loses
1/10 of its weight in water and gold loses 1/18 of its weight, how many golds is in the
alloy? 11.25
36. A certain loan association has invested P 500,000 in 3 different transaction. 1st
investment is in real earning 9% interest annually; 2nd investment is in loans earning 6%
annually, and the 3rd investment in bonds earning 4% annually. The total annual income
in interest is P 34,000, but the annual interest in loans is 3 times that in bonds. How
much in the investment in real estate? 200,000
37. Find the smallest positive number among the 4 numbers such that the sum of the 1st, 3rd,
and 4th exceeds the second by 8; the sum of the squares of the 1st and the 2nd exceeds
the sum of the squares of the 3rd and the 4th by 36; the sum of the products of the 1st and
the 2nd and 3rd and 4th is 42; the cube of the 1st equals the sum of the cubes of the 2nd,
3rd, and 4th. 3
38. It is now between 9 and 10 o’clock. In 4 minutes, the hour hand will be directly opposite
the position occupied by the minute hand 3 minutes ago. What time is it? 9:20
39. At what time after 2 o’clock will the angle between the hands of the clock be bisected by
the line connecting the center of the clock and the 3 o’clock mark? 2:18.46
40. The time is past 2 PM. In 10 minutes, the minute hand will be as much as the hr hand as
it is now behind it. What time is it? 2:05.909
 PROBLEM SET 3

(Arithmetic and Geometric Progression, Diophantine Equation, Number Sequence)

1. Find the 30th term of and A.P. 4, 7, 10 … 91

2. Find the 100th term of the sequence 1.01, 1.00, 0.99. 0.02
3. Find the 4th term of the progression ½, 0.2, 0.125 1/11
4. The 5th term of an A.P. is 123 and the 30th term is 245. What is the 12th term? 3929/25
5. The 3rd term of a harmonic progression is 15 and the 9th term is 6. Find the 11th term. 5
6. How many terms of the sequence -9, -6, -3 … must be taken so that the sum is 66? 11
7. A besiege fortress is held by 5700 men who have provisions for 66 days. If the garrison
loses 20 men each day, how many days can the provision hold out? 76
8. In the Bosnia conflict, the NATO forces captured 6400 soldiers. The provisions on hand
will last for 216 meals while feeding 3 meals a day. The provisions lasted 9 more days
because of daily deaths. At an average, how many died per day? 17.8
9. What is the 11th term of the harmonic progression if the 1st and the 3rd term are ½ and
1/6 respectively? 1/22
10. A company sells 80 units and makes P80 profit. It sells 110 units and makes P140 profit.
If the profit is a linear function of the number of units sold, what is the average profit per
unit if the company sells 250 units? 1.68
11. What are the 1st four terms of the sequence whose general term is n2+1? 2 5 10 17
12. What are the 1st four terms of the sequence whose general term is n3-2n2+1? 0 1 10 33
13. To build a dam, 60 men must work 72 days. If all 60 men are employed at the start but
the number is decreased by 5 men at the end of each 12-day period. How long will it
take to complete the dam? 108 days
14. Solve for x in the following equation. ECE April 2004. x+4x+7x+…64x=1430. 2
15. The sum of 3 numbers in AP is 45. If 2 is added to the 1st number, 3 to the second and 7
to the 3rd, the new numbers will be in a geometric progression. Find the common
difference in AP. 5
16. A merchant has 3 items on sale, namely item A for P50, item B for P30 and item C for
P1.00. At the end of the day, he has sold a total of 100 items and has taken exactly
P1000 on the total sales. How many item A did he sell? 16
17. A stack of bricks has 61 bricks in the bottom layer, 58 bricks in the second later, 55
bricks in the 3rd layer and so on until there are 10 bricks in the last layer. How many
bricks are there together? 639
18. Gravity causes a body to fall 16.1 ft in the 1st sec, 48.3 in the 2nd, 80.5 in the 3rd sec and
so on. How far did the body fall during the 10th sec? 305.9
19. Find the sum of the sequence 25,30,35 … 5/2n2 + 45n/2
20. The 5th term of a geometric progression is 162 and the 10th term is 39366. What is the 3rd
term? 18
21. The 4th term of a geometric progression is 189 and the 6th term is 1701. What is the 12th
term? 1240029

SITUATION 22-25

If the 3rd term of a GP is 28 and the 5th term is 112, find

22. 9th term of the sequence. 1792

23. Find the 1st term in the sequence. 7
24. The nth term of the sequence is 3584. n is 10
25. The sum of the first 10 terms. 7161
26. The sequence x,2x+7,10x-7 forms a geometric progression. The sum of the first 10
terms of the geometric progression. 206,668
27. Four positive integers form an arithmetic progression. If the product of the 1st and the
last term is 70 and the 2nd and the 3rd term is 88, find the 1st term. 5
28. What is the sum of all even integers from 10 to 500? 62370
29. What is the sum of all odd integers between 10 and 500? 62475
30. How many terms of the progression 3,5,7 should there be so that their sum will be 2600?
50
31. The total amount collected from the contributions of 50 people was P1,630. If each man
contributed P50.00, each woman P25.00 and each child P3.00, how many women are
there? 16
32. If you divide 136 into two parts, one of which when divided by 5 leaves a remainder 2
and the other divided by 8 leaves a remainder 3, then the product of the two parts is
2223
 PROBLEM SET 3 Part 2

(Arithmetic and Geometric Progression, Rate Problems, Quadratic Equation, Theory of

Equations)

31. The 1st term of the GP is 27 and the 4th term is -1. Find the 3rd term. 3
32. The sum of the 1st 10 terms of a GP 2,4,8,16… 2046
33. Find the sum 1, -1/5,1/25… 5/6
34. The numbers 28, x+2, 112 form a geometric progression. What is the 10th term? 14336
35. Determine the sum of the infinite series 1/3+1/9+1/27+…1/2
36. Find the sum of the infinite series 1 – ¼ + 1/6 + … 4/5
37. If 1/3 of the air in the tank is removed by each stroke of an air pump, what fractional part
of the total air is removed in 6 strokes? 0.0877914952

SITUATION 38-40
The following data of road accident vs drivers age form a quadratic function
Age Accident per year
20 250
40 150
60 200

38. Find the coefficient of x2. 0.1875

39. Find the coefficient of x. -16.25
40. Find the number of accidents per year for an age of 30. 181.25
41. In a benefit show, a number of wealthy men agreed that the 1st one to arrive would pay
10 centavos to enter and each succeeding arrival will pay twice as much as the
preceding man. The total amount collected is P104,857,50. How many wealthy men
paid? 20
42. What is the equation whose roots are the reciprocal of 2x2-3x-5=0? 5x2+3x-2=0
43. Two engineering students are solving a problem leading to a quadratic equation. One
student made a mistake in the coefficient of the first-degree term and got roots of -3 and
2. The other student made a mistake in the coefficient of the constant term and got roots
of -1 and 4. What is the correct equation? X2-3x-6=0
44. Determine k so that the equation 4x2+kx+1=0 will have just one-real solution. 4, -4
45. With a wind velocity of 40 kph, it takes an airplane as long to travel 1,200 km with the
wind as 900 km against it. How fast can the airplane travel in still air? 280 kph
46. A boat travels downstream in 2/3 of the time as it goes going upstream. If the velocity of
the rivers current is 8 kph, determine the velocity of the boat in still water. 40 kph
47. A man leaves his house at 8:00 AM and traveling at an average speed of 2kph, arrives
at his office 3 min ahead of the expected time. Had he left his house at 8:30 am and
traveled at an average speed of 3 kph, he will arrive 6 min late of the expected time.
Find the distance that he had traveled. 2.1 km
48. A ball is dropped from a height of 120 ft and continuously rebounds to 2/3 of the distance
it falls. What is the total distance traversed by the ball when it comes to rest? 600 ft
49. If one of the roots of ax2+bx+c is 3÷√2. Find the value of b. -6
50. If one of the roots of ax2+bx+c is 2/3 + 5/9i where a, b and c are integers, what is the
value of c? 61
51. Factor 2x2-5x-63. (x-7) (2x+9)
52. If the two roots of the cubic equation 2x3+ax2+bx+15 are 1 and 3, what is the value of a?
-3
53. If two of the roots of the cubic equation ax3+bx2+cx+d are 3/2 + 4/5i and 7, and a, b, c
and d are integral values, what is the value of c? 2389
54. What is the sum of the geometric progression 2x, 4x+14, 20x-14 up to the 10th term?
413336
55. Find the value of x in the equation (x+yi) (1-2i) =7-4i. 3
56. Find the summation of 5k-3 from k=1 to k=16. 632
57. The geometric mean of 2 numbers is 8 while the arithmetic mean is 4. The cube of the
harmonic mean is. 4096

SITUATION 58-60
You are taking a test in which items of type A are worth 10 points and items of type B are
worth 15 points. It takes 3 minutes to answer each item of type A and 6 minutes for each
item of type B. The total time allowed is 60 mins, and you may not answer more than 16
questions. Assuming all your answers are correct, and you may not answer more than 16
questions. Assume that all your answers are correct.

58. Determine the number of type A question solved. 12

59. Determine the number of type B question solved. 4
60. The maximum score is. 180
60. -b. In a pile of log, each layer contains one more log than the layer above and the top
contains just one log. If there are 105 logs in the pile, how many layers are there. 14
60. -c. In a racing contest, there are 240 cars which will have provisions that will last for 15
hrs. assuming constant hourly consumption each car, how long will the provisions last if
8 cars withdraw from the race every hour after the 1st? 25
60. -d. To conserve energy due to present energy crisis, Meralco tried to readjust their
charges to electrical energy users who consume more than 2000 kw-hrs. For the 1st 100
kw hr, they charge P0.40 and increasing at a constant rate more than the preceding one
until the 5th 100 kw hr is charge P0.76. How much is the average charge for the electrical
energy per 100 kw hr? 0.58
60. -e. A man left his home at past 3:00 PM as indicated in his wall clock. Between 2 to 3
hours after, he returned home and noticed the hands of the clock interchanged. At what
time did he leave his home? 3:31.47
60. -f. In a mixed company of Poles, Italians, Greeks, Turks, and Germans. The Poles are
one less than 1/3 of the Germans; and 3 less than half the Italians; the Germans and the
Turks outnumber the Greek and the Italians by 3; the Greeks and the Germans form one
less than half the company and the Greeks and the Italians form 7/16 of the company.
How many Germans are there? 24
 PROBLEM SET 3 Part 3

(Work and Geometry Problems)

61. Two runners A and B complete for a race of 1000 m long. It took 130 sec for A to reach
the finish line and for B 138 sec. How far was B behind A when A reaches the finish
line? 58
62. A boatman rows to a place 48 km distant and back in 14 hrs. He finds that he can row 4
km with the stream in the same time as 3 km against the stream. Find the rate of the
stream. 1
63. The sum of 4 integers in an arithmetic progression is 24 and their product is 945. Find
the smallest possible integer. 3
64. If 4, 2, 5 and 18 are added respectively to an arithmetic progression, the resulting series
is a geometric progression. What is the highest number in the AP? 21
65. A man set out from a certain point and traveled at the rate of 6 km/hr. After A had gone 2
hrs, another man B set out to overtake him and went 4 km the 1st hr, 5 km the 2nd hr, 6
km the 3rd hr and so on gaining 1 km every hr. After how many hrs will they be
together? 8
66. A and B start at the same time from 2 places 91 km apart and they travel toward each
other. A travels at a constant rate of 5 1/2 km/hr, while B travels 3 km for the 1st hr, 4.5
km for the 2nd hr, 6 km for the 3rd hr and so on. Where will they meet? 38.5
67. A cask containing 20 liters of wine was emptied 1/5 of its contents and then filled with
water. If this is done 6 times, how many liters of wine will remain in the cask? 5.242
68. There are 4 geometric means between 3 and 729. Find the 4th term of the geometric
progression. 81
69. Find the 5th term of the series whose sum of n terms is given by 3n+2-6. 1458
70. A messenger travels from point A to point B. If he will leave at 8:00 AM and travel at
2.00 kph, he will arrive 3 minutes earlier than his expected time of arrival. However, if he
will leave at 8:30 AM, and travel at 3 kph, he will arrive 6 min later than the expected
time. What is the expected time of arrival? 9:06 AM

SITUATION 71-73
The 10th term of a GP is 39366 and the 4th term is 54

71. Find the common ratio. 3

72. Find the 1st term. 2
73. Find the 7th term. 1458
74. The 1st term of an AP is 2 and the 6th term is 12. Find the sum of the 1st 12 terms. 156
75. An audience of 540 person is seated in rows having the same number of persons in
each row. If 3 more persons sit in each row, it would require 2 rows less to seat the
audience. How many persons were in each row originally? 27
76. Factor 6x3 + 35x2 + 21x – 20. (x+5) (2x-1) (3x+4)
77. How many irrational roots are there in x6 – 3x4 -18x2 + 40? 4
78. From the equation 7x2 + (2k-1) x – 3k + 2 = 0, determine the value of k so that the sum
and product of the roots are equal. 1
79. Solve for x if 8x = 2y+2 and 163x-y = 4y. 2
80. Determine the sum of the 1st 10 terms if the general term of the sequence is 3n – 2.
88552
81. The arithmetic mean and geometric mean of 2 numbers are 10 and 8 respectively. Find
the harmonic mean. 6.4
82. An earthquake emits a primary and secondary wave. Near the surface of the earth, the
primary wave travels at about 5 miles per second, and the secondary wave travels at
about 3 miles per second. Suppose a station measures a time difference of 12 seconds
between the arrival of the two waves. How far is the earthquake from the station? 90
83. A boat takes 1.5 times as long to go 360 miles up a river than to return. If the boat
cruises at 15 miles per hr in still water, what is the rate of the current? 3
84. A plane travels from 2 airports with a distance of 1500 km with a wind along its flight line.
It takes the airplane 2 hrs with the tailwind and 2.5 hrs with the headwind. Determine the
velocity of the airplane in still air. 675
85. A piece of paper is 0.05 in thick. Each time the paper is folded into half, the thickness is
doubled. If the paper was folded 12 times, how thick in feet the folded paper be? 17.066
86. It takes an airplane 1 hr and 45 min to travel 500 miles against the wind and covers the
same distance in one hr and 15 min with the wind. What is the speed of the airplane?
342.85
87. A cat is now 50 of her own leaps ahead of a dog which is pursuing her. How many more
leaps will the cat take before it is overtaken if she takes 5 leaps while the dog takes 4,
but 2 of the dog’s leap are equivalent to 3 of the cat’s leap. 250
88. A policeman is pursuing a thief who is ahead by 72 of his own leaps. The thief takes 6
leaps while the policemen is taking 5 leaps, but 4 leaps of the thief are as long as 3
leaps of the policemen. How many leaps will the policeman make before the thief is
caught? 540

89. An oil drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico stands so that 1/5 of it is in sand, 20ft in water and
2/3 of it in still air. What is the total height of the rig? 150

90. A minor chord is composed of notes whose frequencies are in the ratio 10:12:15. If the
1st note of a minor chord is A, with a frequency of 220 Hz, what is the frequency of the
3rd note? 330

91. The seating section in a coliseum has 30 seats in the 1st row, 32 seats in the 2nd row,
34 seats in the 3rd row and so on until the 10th row is reached, after which there are 10
rows, each containing 50 seats. Find the total number of seats in the section. 910

SITUATION 92-94
A construction job could be finished in 150 days if 50 men are working full time. 60 men
started working on the job and after 20 days, 20 more men were added. After 80 days 60
men quit the job.

92. How long could it take for them to finish the job? 155
93. How much penalty would the contractor pay if the contract specifies a penalty of
P10,000 per day being delayed. 50,000
94. What is the labor cost if each worker is paid P 350 a day? 2,625,000
95. The time required for 2 examinees to solve the same problem differs by 2 minutes.
Together, they can solve 32 problems in 1 hr. How long will it take for the slower
problem solver to solve the problem? 5 min
96. One pipe can fill the tank in 6 hrs and another can fill the same tank in 3 hrs. Another
pipe can drain the tank in 7 hrs. With all the 3 pipes open, how long will it take to fill the
pipe? 2.8 hrs
97. Twenty-eight (28 men) can finish the job in 60 days. At the start of the 16th day 5 men
were laid off and after the 45th day 10 more men were hired. How many days were they
delayed in finishing the job? 2.27
SITUATION 98-100
A contractor hired 28 workers with a daily wage of P150 for a job that could be finished in 60
days. He wanted to finish the job earlier, so he hired additional 6 workers at the start of the
16th day and 14 more at the start of the 46th day.

98. How many days did it complete the job? 50

99. If the contractor were given a bonus of P 5000 per day for the number of days he would
complete the job earlier, how much bonus did he get? 50,000
100. If the daily wage of the additional workers were P 175, how much did the contractor
pay for the salary of all workers for the completion of the project? 294,000
101. A pump can pump out water from a tank in 11 hrs. Another pump can pump out water
from the same tank in 20 hrs. How long will it take both pumps to pump out water in the
tank? 7.1
102. A 400 mm diameter pipe can fill the tank alone in 5 hrs and another 600 mm diameter
pipe can fill the tank alone in 4 hrs. A drain pipe can empty the tank in 20 hrs. With all
the 3 pipes open, how long will it take to fill the tank? 2.5
103. Pedro can paint the fence 50% faster that Juan and 20% faster than Pilar and together
they can paint a given fence in 4 hrs. How long will it take to paint the same fence if he
had to work alone? 10
104. It takes Butch twice as long to do a certain piece of work compared to Peter. Working
together they can do the work in 6 days. How long will it take Peter to do the work
alone? 9
105. Crew no 1 can finish installation of an antenna tower in 200-man hrs while Crew no 2
can finish the same job in 300-man hrs. How long will it take both crews to finish the
same job working together? 120
106. A man can do job three times as fast as a boy. Working together it would take them 6
hrs to do the same job. How long will it take the man to do the job alone? 8
107. X can do the job 50% faster than y and 20% faster than Z. If they work together, they
can finish the job in 4 days. How many days will it take X to finish the job if he is to work
alone? 10
108. The sum of the 1st 5 numbers in AP is 15 and the sum of the 1st 20 terms is -90. What
is the 2nd term? 4
109. A and B compete in a race. A run at a constant rate of 126 m/min while B runs 145 m,
the 1st min, 143 m the 2nd min, 141 m the 3rd min and so on. When will A and B be
together again. 20
110. The side of the square is 6 cm long. A second square is inscribed by joining the
midpoints of the sides of the second square and so on. Find the sum of the areas of the
infinite number of inscribed squares thus formed. 72

SITUATION 111-112
An equilateral triangle is inscribed within a circle whose diameter is 12 cm. In this triangle, a
circle is inscribed, and, in this circle, another equilateral triangle is inscribed and so on
indefinitely.

111. Find the sum of all the perimeters of the triangles. 36√3
112. Find the sum of the areas. 36√3
113. Two boys A and B runs at a constant rate and in the same direction around a circular
track whose circumference is 40 m. A makes one circuit in 2 secs less time than B, and
they are together once every minute. Find the rate of A. 4
114. A train, one hour after starting, meets with an accident which detains it an hour, after
which it proceeds at 3/5 of its former rate and arrived 3 hrs after the time. Had the
accident happened 50 km farther on the line, it would have arrived 1.5 hrs sooner. Find
the length of the journey. 88.89
115. Two Pals P1 and P2 run at a constant speed along a circular track 1350 m in
circumference. Running in opposite directions, they meet every 3 minutes, while running
in the same direction, they are together every 27 minutes. Find the speed of the slower
Pal. 200
116. Two Cars 2000 m apart are approaching each other. Car A is moving at a constant
speed of 10 m/s while Car B is moving at a constant speed of 12 m/s. Super Fly (speed
= 15 m/s) started from A and flew back and forth from A to B, B to A and so on until A
and B met. What was the total distance traveled by Superfly? 1363.63
 PROBLEM SET 4

(Partial Fractions)

GIVEN 1-5

2𝑋 4 +3𝑥 3 +7𝑥 2 +10𝑋+10 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶 𝐷𝑥+𝐸

(𝑋−1)(𝑥 2 +3)2
= + + (𝑥 2
𝑥−1 𝑥 2 +3 +3)2

1. The value of A is. 2

2. The value of B is. 0
3. The value of C is. 3
4. The value of D is. -2
5. The value of E is. -1
𝑥 2 +2 𝟔 𝟓
6. Resolve into Partial Fractions 2 . −
𝑥 −7𝑥+12 𝒙−𝟒 𝒙−𝟑

GIVEN 7-11

2𝑋 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 10𝑋 + 9 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷 𝐸
2 2
= 2 + 2 +
(𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 + 9 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 3

7. The value of A is. -8/39

8. The value of B is. -92/13
9. The value of C is. 199/104
10. The value of D is. 393/104
11. The value of E is. 7/24

GIVEN 12-16

𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑋 + 3 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸
2 2
= + 2 + 2
(𝑋 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑋 + 1) 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 𝑋 + 1) (𝑥 + 𝑋 + 1)2

12. The value of A is. 1

13. The value of B is. -1
14. The value of C is. 1
15. The value of D is. 1
16. The value of E is. 1
GIVEN 17-19

𝑥 2 + 4𝑋 + 10 𝐴 𝐵(2𝑥 + 2) 𝐶
3 2
= + 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 5𝑋 𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑋 + 5 𝑥 + 2𝑋 + 1

17. The value of A is. 2

18. The value of B is. -1/2
19. The value of C is. 1
3𝑥 2 −8𝑋+9 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
20. Resolve
(𝑋−2)3
into partial fractions. + (𝑿−𝟐)𝟐 + (𝑿−𝟐)𝟑
𝒙−𝟐
 PROBLEM SET 5

(Variation Problems, Recursion, Inverse Function, Inequalities, Investment)

1. Given that w varies directly as the product of x and y and inversely as the square of z
and that w = 4, when x = 2, y = 6 and z = 3. Find the value of w when x = 1, y = 4 and z
= 2. 3
2. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and when x = 14, y = 7 and z = 2, find the
value of x when y = 16 and z = 4. 16
3. The resistance of a wire varies directly with its length and inversely with its area. If a
certain piece of wire 10 m long and 0.1 cm in diameter has a resistance of 100 ohms,
what will be the resistance if it is uniformly stretched so that its length becomes 12m.120
4. The time required for an elevator to lift a weight varies directly with the weight and the
distance trough which it is lifted and inversely as the power of the motor. It takes 30 secs
for a 10 HP motor to lift 100 lbs trough 50 ft. What size of the motor is required to lift 800
lbs in 40 sec trough 40 ft? 48
5. If 3x3 – 4x2y + 5xy2 + 6y3 is divided by x2 – 2xy + 3y2. The remainder is. 0
6. Solve for x in the system, y-3x+4=0; y+x2/7=24/y. (6+2√14)/5
7. If – 9< x < - 4 and -12 < y < - 6. -21<x+y<-10
8. Which of the following is the value of x2 + 1/x2 if x + 1/x = 5? 23
9. If f(x) = 3x – 1 then f-1(x) =. 1/3x + 1/3
10. If f(x) = x – 2x2 + 2 then what is f (a – 2)? 9a-2a2-8
11. If f(x) = x3 - x – 1, what is the set of all c if f(c) = f(-c)? { -1, 0, 1}
12. If f(x) = 2x2 + 2, find the value of f (x + 4). 2x2 + 16x + 34
13. If 3, 5, 8.333 and 13.889 are the first 4 terms of the sequence, then which of the
following could define the sequence? A0 = 3, An = 5/3An-1
14. Find the smallest positive integer such that for P(x) = x4 – 2x3 -10x2 + 40x – 90 this
integer is an upper bound. 5
15. Find the largest negative integer such that for P(x) = x4 – 2x3 -10x2 + 40x – 90 this
integer is a lower bound. -5
16. Solve x2 + x < 12. -4 < x < 3
𝑥−1
17. For what values of x does f(x) = √ represent a real number? – 3 < x < = 1
𝑥+3
18. Determine the number of positive roots of the equation. P(x) = x2n- 1 where n > 0. 1
19. Solve the inequality x3 4x2 + 3x. x ≤ 2-√7 or 0 ≤ x <= 2+√7
3 2
20. Solve the inequality 𝑥−3 ≤ 𝑥+2. -2 < x < 3 or x ≤-12

21. Solve the inequality | 3x + 1 | ≤ 4. [ -5/3, 1]

22. Find the solution set of | 2x + 3 | > 7. x < - 5, x > 2
23. Find the domain of f(x) = √9 − 𝑥2. [ -3, 3]
24. Solve the inequality | x – 2 | < | 3x – 5 |. x < 3/2 or x > 7/4
25. The graph of x + y > 1 is. the area above the line x + y = 1
(𝑥+1)
26. The vertical asymptotes of the curve 𝑦 = are: x = 3, x = - 2
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+2)
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
27. The horizontal asymptotes of the graph 𝑦 =
(2𝑥+1)(𝑥−3)
. y=1/2
(𝑥−2)(𝑥+3)
28. The oblique asymptotes of the graph 𝑦 = . y=x-5
(𝑥+6)

29. If f (3) = 6 and f (8) = 12 and f(x) is a linear function, Find f -1 (5). 13/6
30. Find the 1987th digit in the decimal equivalent of 1785/9999. 8
31. The selling price of a TV set is double that of the net cost. If a TV set is sold to a
customer at a profit of 25% of the net cost, how much discount was given to the
customer? 37.5%
32. A bookstore purchased a book at P 200 per copy. At what price should this book be sold
so that giving a 20% discount, the profit is 30%. 357.14
33. By selling eggs at P 50 per dozen, a vendor gain 20%. The cost price of the egg rises
12.5%. If he sells at the same price as before, find his new gain in percent. 6.67%
34. Peter bought a second-hand cellphone and then sold it to John at a profit of 40%. John
sold the cellphone to Noel at a profit of 20%. If Noel paid P 2,856 more than it cost to
Peter, how much did Peter pay for the unit? 4200
35. A portion of P 500,000 was invested at 5% in the bank and the remainder at 15% in a
survey contract. If the total income from the money is P 55,000, how much was invested
at 5% rate. 200,000
36. If f(n+1) = n/f(n) for all positive integers n and f (1) =2, find f (8). 35/32
37. If today is Monday, what will be the day 2234577 days after today. Wed