SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

PROJECT SYNOPSIS

“ADAPTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT

WITH GROUND WATER
REPLENISHMENT”

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Civil Engineering)

SUBMITED BY:

AJAY BHARTI (1712200902)

ASHUTOSH YADAV (1712200905)
SAURABH KUMAR (1712200916)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE:

MR.RISHABH KR.TRIPATHI
(ASST.PROFESSOR)
Introduction:-
Groundwater replenishment happens through direct recharge and in-lieu recharge.
Water used for direct recharge most often comes from flood flows, water
conservation, recycled water, desalination and water transfers, according to
researches, During the hydrologic cycle, replenishment occurs naturally when rain,
storm water and the flow from rivers, streams and creeks seeps into an aquifer.
Water also gets into ground as farmers irrigate fields and orchards. Replenishment
within the context of groundwater management is accomplished through recharge
at rate that exceeds baseline conditions, maintaining or improving groundwater
elevation levels.

Two recharge methods are used:

1) Direct spreading
2) Aquifer injection.

In the present scenario, talking practically most of the residential areas, use ground
water to fully filled their day needs. Till now nothing significant has been done to
replenish the ground water except the ‘‘RAIN WATER HARVESTING
SYSTEM’’ in which the rain water is harvested and is then directed underground.
At present, the atmosphere has become so unpredictable that it is very difficult to
consider that a particular region will receive the normal rainfall in rainy season
also this rainy season is limited up to 3 to 4 months so we cannot rely only on rain,
due to its high uncertainty to replenish the ground water. Moreover the frequency
of extraction of ground water is high and the replenishment from rain water is very
limited. Thus some alternative must be thought of to overcome this problem.

It’s found that about 70 to 80% of the household water goes into the sewer. The
sewage thus carried to the treatment plant is treated to remove the harmful contents
and the treated water is either supplied back for household purpose of to some
other place ,like industries etc, depending upon the quality of treated water. In this
transportation there is loss of water which can’t be ignored.
For this project:-

1.Use of locally sourced materials and employ the cost saving technology that can
be managed locally.
2.Utilization of modular design and standardized components and usage of less
expensive building materials, readily available materials, recycled and reclaimed
materials.
3.Designed for regular cleaning, maintenance and repair.
4.Choosing minimum-maintenance material with easy to understand access control
for occupants.
5.Ensure service life requirement of material and components.

Planning for water recharge:-

Identification of area:-

The first step in planning the project is to demarcate the area of recharge. The
water recharge of ground water is normally taken in following areas:

1. Ground water levels are declining on regular basis.

2. Substantial amount of aquifer has already been de-saturated.
3. Availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months.
4. Salinity ingress is taking place.

Soil character studies for infiltration:-

Infiltration capacity depends on many factors such as soil type, moisture content,
organic matter, vegetative cover, season, air entrapment, formation of surface seals
or crusts etc. Of the soil characteristics affecting infiltration, non-capillary porosity
is perhaps the most important. Porosity determines storage capacity and also
effects resistance to flow. Thus infiltration tends to increase with porosity. Vegetal
cover increases infiltration as compared with barren soil because:-

(i) Surface flow (giving the water additional time to enter the soil).
(ii) Root system makes the soil more pervious.
(iii) Raindrop impact and reduces rain packing of surface soil.

As water infiltrates soil under natural conditions the displacement of air is not
complete even after many hours. Air spaces in the soil and intermediate zones
interfere with infiltration as air is not pushed out by the infiltrating water but is
gradually absorbed by water.

Hydrogeological studies:-

Detailed hydrogeological mapping:-

a) Map showing ground water contours to determine the form of the water table
and the hydraulic connection of ground water with rivers, canals etc.

b) Map showing the depths to the water table are usually compiled for the periods
of maximum, minimum and mean annual position of water table.

c) Maps that show amplitudes of ground water level fluctuations and the maximum
position of the water table of considerable importance for artificial recharge
studies.

d) Maps showing ground water potential of different hydrogeological units and the
level of ground water development.

e) Maps showing chemical quality of ground water in different aquifers.

Studies on site elements:-

Geophysical Studies:-

This study is help to access the unknown subsurface hydrogeological conditions

economically, adequately and unambiguously. Geophysical methods is possible to
model are below:-

a) Stratification of aquifer system and spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity

of the characteristic zone.
b) Negative or non-productive zones of low hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated
and saturated zones.

c) Moisture movement and infiltration capacity of the unsaturated zone.

d) Direction of ground water flow under natural/artificial recharge processes.

e) Salinity ingress, trend and short duration depth salinity changes in the aquifers
due to varied abstraction or recharge.

Quality of source water:-

Recharge to ground water are mainly related to the quality of raw waters that are
available for recharge and which are generally require some sort of treatment
before being used is recharge installations. They are also related to the changes in
the soil structure and the biological phenomena which take place when infiltration
begins, to the changes brought to the environmental conditions. The chemical and
bacteriological analysis of source water besides that of ground water is therefore
essential.

Source water availability:-

Ground water recharge is basically assessed in terms of non-committed surplus
monsoon run off, which as per present water resource development scenario is
going unutilised. This component can be assessed by analysing the monsoon
rainfall pattern, its frequency, number of rainy days, maximum rainfall in a day
and its variation in space and time. The variations in rainfall pattern in space and
time, and its relevance in relation to the scope for artificial recharge to sub-surface
reservoirs can be considered for assessing the surplus surface water availability.

Methodology to be adopted:-
In this proposed project the first work is to maintain record and inventory of
various sources through which water is used and quantity of discharged water and
its toxic and bacteriological content accordingly the various adaptive water
management technique is implemented and suggested, afterward the collection
tank is designed on the basis of the data collected for storage of wastewater, as per
the quantity futher system for ground water replenisher is designed along with
treatment unit inside it to detoxify the waste water and allow it to perculate inside
the ground.

Objective:-
1. To minimise the loss of water from residential sector.
2. To make system economical, effective and affordable.
3. Design and implementation of system to replenish ground water.
4. To retard the surface run off resulting in lowering of flood peak, conserving the
soil by reducing soil erosion and improving the soil moisture retention for longer
period
5.To utilize the residential waste water for groundwater recharge by removing
impurities.

Recharge techniques and designs:-

Combination surface – sub-surface techniques

• Basin or percolation tanks with pit shaft or wells.

Indirect techniques

• Induced recharge from surface water source.

• Aquifer modification.

Inter watershed transfer:-

The percolation tanks in a watershed may not have enough catchment discharge
though a high capacity tank is possible as per site conditions. In such situations
stream from nearby watershed can be diverted with some additional cost and the
tank can be made more efficient.

Monitoring mechanism for recharge project:-

The monitoring of water levels and water quality is of prime importance in any
scheme of artificial recharge of Ground Water. The monitoring data speaks for the
efficacy of structures constructed for artificial recharge and greatly helps in taking
effective measures for Ground Water Management on scientific lines.

Water Level Monitoring:-

The observation well network during feasibility stage is generally of low well
density but spread over a large area with the primary aim of defining the boundary
of the aquifer to be recharged and to know the hydraulic characteristics of the
natural ground water system. After identification of the feasible groundwater
structure the observation well network is redefined in a smaller area with greater
well density. Where the surface water bodies are hydraulically connected with the
ground water aquifer which is being recharged, it is advisable to monitor the water
level profiles of both Surface water and Ground water.

Advantages:-
1.Enhancing the groundwater yield in depleted the aquifer due to urbanisation.
2.Conservation and storage of excess surface water for future requirements.
3.Utilization of the residential waste water for groundwater recharge by removing
impurities.
4.Developing mind-set of active participation from community towards water-
management and conservation for future usage.
5.Removal of bacteriological and other impurities from household wastewater,
sewage and rainwater by groundwater replenisher system so the water table get
recharged.

Significance of the system:-

Cost will be very nominal and also the maintenance period would be sufficiently
long to avoid frequent inspection. Thus no significant effort would be required
from the house holder. Further there will be a continuous process of replenishing
ground water and we need not to rely completely on rain water. Also, this water
replenishing system would be much more economically viable and effective when
employed on a scale of residential colonies as a whole. Since there would be a
recharge system working in each house in a residential area, the continuous fall in
ground water level can be effectively checked. Further this system can be installed
in apartments, colonies, bungalows etc. with some preferable changes, it could also
be installed in schools. Thus it can play a vital role in balancing the Ecosystem.

Expected results:-

From this project we are to get result as developing adaptive measures for the
management of water generated by residential sector so that it is become easy for
everyone to adopt it efficiently as well as economically System for ground water
replenishment is assumed that it can be installed underground and the 40 to 50% to
the total amount of the waste water generated by residential sector which is not
much toxic in nature and that can be treated by suggested replenisher system is
collected as well as treated to allow it to recharge the ground water table.