Catalog No.

E4289

Balancing machines
 Balancing machine
BALANCING MACHINES

Horizontal type Vertical type Field balancing equipment

balancing machine balancing machine

CONTENTS INDEX
Page Model (In alphabetical order) Code No. Page
● Introduction / History of balancing machines 2 AH-104G-C2 850-194 6
AH-114G-C2 850-195 6
● Selection guide to balancing machines 3 to 4 AH-204G-C2 850-196 6
AH-214G-C2 850-197 6
Horizontal type balancing machines AH-312M — 15
AH-514ST — 16
Flow chart for machine-type selection 5
AV-116B-C4 851-111 18
DEL-4CHT — 16
Horizontal type soft bearing balancing machines 6
DEP-H 852-106 24
Horizontal type hard bearing balancing machines 7 to 8 DEP-J1 852-107 25
FH-216-C2 850-101 8
Measuring systems 9 to 10 FH-218G-A1 856-152 7
FH-218G-C1 856-151 7
Frame and rotor supporting bearing 11 FH-228G-A1 856-154 7
FH-228G-C1 856-153 7
Rotor driving system 12 FH-218GS — 13
FH-318G-A1 856-156 7
Examples of usage-single-purpose / universal models 13 to 16 FH-318G-C1 856-155 7, 13
FH-318GS — 13
Vertical type balancing machines FH-328G-A1 856-158 7
FH-328G-C1 856-157 7
Flow chart for machine-type selection 17 FH-418-A1 856-104 8
FH-418-C1 856-103 8
Vertical type balancing machine (Measurement type) 18 FH-418G-A1 856-160 7
FH-418G-C1 856-159 7
Vertical type balancing machine (Correction type) 18 FH-428-A1 856-106 8
FH-428-C1 856-105 8
Adapters and rotor covers 19
FH-428G-A1 856-162 7
FH-428G-C1 856-161 7
Measuring systems 20
FH-518-A1 856-108 8
Examples of usage-single-purpose/universal models 21 to 22 FH-518-C1 856-107 8
FH-518G-A1 856-164 7
Field balancing equipment / FH-518G-C1 856-163 7, 14
Portable type unbalance measuring instrument FH-528-A1 856-110 8
FH-528-C1 856-109 8
Flow chart for machine-type selection 23 FH-528G-A1 856-166 7
FH-528G-C1 856-165 7
Fieldmatic 24 FH-618-A1 856-112 8
FH-618-C1 856-111 8
Balance Keeper 25 FH-618G-A1 856-168 7
FH-618G-C1 856-167 7
Examples of usage of Balance Keeper 26 FH-618S-C1 — 14
FH-628-A1 856-114 8
Optional parts and components for field balancing equipment 27 FH-628-C1 856-113 8
FH-628G-A1 856-170 7
Mass centering machines 28 FH-628G-C1 856-169 7
FH-718-A1 856-116 8
Mass characteristics measuring system 28 FH-718-C1 856-115 8
FH-718G-A1 856-172 7
Explanation of technical terms regarding balancing 29 to 30 FH-718G-C1 856-171 7
FH-728-A1 856-118 8
Technical guide 31 to 32
FH-728-C1 856-117 8
FH-728G-A1 856-174 7
Balance quality of rotating machines 33
FH-728G-C1 856-173 7
FH-818-A1 856-120 8
FH-818-C1 856-119 8
FH-828-A1 856-122 8
FH-828-C1 856-121 8, 14
FV-214B-C3 851-115 18
FV-214BT-C3 851-104 18
FV-216B-C4 851-112 18
FV-216BT-C4 851-101 18
FV-226B-C4 851-113 18
FV-226BT-C4 851-102 18
FV-314B-C3 851-116 18
FV-314BM — 22
FV-314BST — 21
FV-314BT-C3 851-105 18, 21
FV-316B-C4 851-114 18
FV-316BT-C4 851-103 18
FV-324B-C3 851-117 18
FV-324BM — 22
FV-324BT-C3 851-106 18
FV-414B-C3 851-118 18
FV-414BT-C3 851-107 18, 22
PIO — 28
1
 Balancing machines
contribute to improving the quality of rotating components

Introduction
This brochure describes Mitutoyo’s comprehensive range of balancing
machines suitable for rotating components such as shafts, spindles and
disks (collectively referred to as "rotors"). These machines measure the
existing out-of-balance condition and identify the amount of corrective
action needed in terms of adding material to, or machining material away
from, appropriate locations on the rotor. Balancing machines have a long
history in industry, being among the earliest measuring instruments used
and preceded only by dimension measuring instruments.

The quality of a rotor is determined largely by its state of dynamic

unbalance, a property that can be difficult to manage because it is not
easily perceived, only being detectable when the rotor is put into
operation. Vibration of machinery is mostly due to rotor unbalance and
can be very harmful, causing noise fatigue in operators, premature wear in
bearings and excessive machine downtime and maintenance costs. For
these reasons balancing machines are indispensable in rotor production.

A balancing machine determines the unbalance of a rotor based on

information obtained from measuring either the out-of-balance forces, or
amplitudes of vibration, generated at its bearings when it is rotated. A
machine can be of the horizontally or vertically oriented, hard- or soft-
bearing type but, whichever it is, you can be sure that Mitutoyo delivers
the world's most sophisticated balancing machines, all backed by long
experience and innovative technology.

2
 Selection guide to balancing machines

Items to be confirmed

For single-plane and two-plane balancing*1

For rotors suitable for

horizontal-axis testing

(cylinder shaped)

For balancing
Dynamic testing (centrifugal
a rotor
force method)
independently

For single-plane balancing*1

For rotors suitable for

vertical-axis testing (disk

shaped)

For two-plane balancing*1

In cases where the rotor

Consult your local agent
cannot be rotated

For balancing For solely measuring unbalance

a rotor already
installed (in situ)
For analyzing vibration in addition to measuring unbalance

Automatic correction machine for mass-production lines

Machine dedicated to propeller shafts

For a single-purpose Machine dedicated to crankshafts

or specialized
application Machine dedicated to horizontal balancing

Mass centering machine

Mass characteristics measuring system

3 *1: Refer to “Explanation of technical terms regarding balancing”.

 Machine type (machine name) See

For cylindrical rotors For small, high Horizontal type soft AH-104G-C2, AH-114G-C2
Page 6
where a belt can be precision rotors bearing AH series AH-204G-C2, AH-214G-C2
fitted to the

circumference Horizontal type hard FH-218G-C1, FH-228G-C1, FH-218G-A1,FH-228G-A1

bearing FH-G series FH-318G-C1,FH-328G-C1,FH-318G-A1,FH-328G-A1
FH-418G-C1,FH-428G-C1,FH-418G-A1,FH-428G-A1
Page 7
FH-518G-C1,FH-528G-C1,FH-518G-A1,FH-528G-A1
FH-618G-C1,FH-628G-C1,FH-618G-A1,FH-628G-A1
FH-718G-C1,FH-728G-C1,FH-718G-A1,FH-728G-A1

For cylindrical rotors Horizontal type hard FH-216-C2

where a belt cannot be bearing FH series FH-418-C1,FH-428-C1,FH-418-A1,FH-428-A1
fitted to the FH-518-C1,FH-528-C1,FH-518-A1,FH-528-A1
Page 8
circumference, or where FH-618-C1,FH-628-C1,FH-618-A1,FH-628-A1
the windage loss is FH-718-C1,FH-728-C1,FH-718-A1,FH-728-A1
large FH-818-C1,FH-828-C1,FH-818-A1,FH-828-A1

Where a correction Horizontal type hard

Consult your local agent –
system is to be added bearing FH series

Vertical type AV-116B-C3,FV-216B-C4,FV-226B-C4,FV-316B-C4

Page 18
FV, AV series FV-214B-C3,FV-314B-C3,FV-324B-C3,FV-414B-C3

Where a correction Vertical type FV-216BT-C4,FV-226BT-C4,FV-316BT-C4,

Page 18
system is to be added FV-BT series FV-214BT-C3,FV-314BT-C3,FV-324BT-C3,FV-414BT-C3

Vertical type
FV-214BS,FV-314BST,FV-324BM Page 21,22
FV series

– – –

Field balancing DEP-J1 Page 25

equipment DEP

series
DEP-H Page 24

Refer to the indicated page. Page 15

Refer to the indicated page. Page 16

Refer to the indicated page. Page 15,16

Refer to the indicated page. Page 13

– Page 28

POI Page 28

4
 Horizontal type balancing machines
AH series
FH series

For cylindrical rotors such as multiblade fans,

turbofans, high-speed spindles and propeller
shafts, which require two-plane balancing,
horizontal type balancing machines such as the
FH series or AH series are ideal. These have
horizontal vibration axes with easy rotor support.

Horizontal type soft bearing balancing machines

AH series
Horizontal type balancing machines best suited to small rotors which require
high precision balancing

Horizontal type hard bearing balancing machines

FH series
Two types of machine are available: the belt-drive type suitable for cylindrical
rotors where a belt can be fitted on the outer circumference, and the shaft-
drive type suitable either for rotors where a belt cannot be fitted on the outer
circumference or for rotors having large windage loss such as fans.

Belt-drive type End-drive type

Flow chart for machine-type selection Notes:

■ Consider whether the rotor is evenly loaded or
Select the drive type (either belt-drive or shaft-drive)
unevenly loaded. If unevenness is extreme, consult
(Only belt-drive for AH series)
your local agent when selecting the machine type.

Evenly loaded Unevenly loaded

Select the machine type from the list of

specifications on the basis of rotor size and weight

Select the measuring equipment (either analog or computer) Confirm whether the load is roughly the same for each bearing when the
(Only dedicated measuring equipment for AH series) rotor is supported by two bearings. Consult your local agent if unevenness
between the bearings is extreme

■ The balancing machine should be installed on a

concrete floor having no floors or basement
underneath. An independent foundation is desirable
End of machine selection
to obtain maximum balancing accuracy. Consult your
local agent for more details.

5
Horizontal type balancing machines

AH series Horizontal type soft bearing balancing machines

Horizontal type soft bearing balancing machines

AH series
Code No.850-194 to 197

For rotors that need to be balanced at high speed

with high accuracy...
In pursuit of easy handling and
convenient operation
Suitable for balancing rotors that require testing at high
speed and with high accuracy, such as small motors, turbo
molecular pumps, spindles, turbo chargers and small fans.

Features
■ Equipped with a variety of functions for balancing
● Belt-drive mechanism that enables easy mounting and dismounting
of rotors as well as versatile adaptation to different shapes of rotors.
● Two-plane correction and plane separation functions for reducing
residual unbalance.
● Displays the correction angle and amount for both two planes,
and the OK/NG result.
● Zero compensation and compensation functions for keys and
key seats, thus increasing the accuracy of two-plane correction.
● Function for separating components of an unbalance into 3 to 25
components, which is useful for rotors having shapes where the
choice of correction planes is highly restricted. The components
of the unbalance can be set for each of two planes as an equal
division, a modified component of the force, or both of them.
● Capable of memorizing 200 different shapes of rotors to be tested.
■ Measuring equipment with excellent operability
●Operation is simple thanks to the large liquid crystal display and
touch panel.
● A man-machine interface with a display in English reduces
operation mistakes when setting rotor shapes and measurement
conditions.

■Specifications
Code No. 850-194 850-195 850-196 850-197
Model AH-104G-C2 AH-114G-C2 AH-204G-C2 AH-214G-C2
Rotor mass kg 0.01 to 0.3 0.03 to 1 0.05 to 3 0.1 to 10
Rotor maximum mm 80 140 200 240
barrel diameter
Rotor distance mm 80 110 300 360
between bearings
Rotor shaft diameter mm 2 to 9 2 to 14 5 to 20 6 to 25
Test revolution speed min-1 3000 to 6000 2000 to 5000 1000 to 3000 1000 to 3000
Driving motor kW 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.09
Minimum achievable
residual unbalance µm 0.05 (under designated conditions)
Drive mechanism for rotation Belt drive, self drive
Power supply 100VAC, 500VA 100VAC,1kVA
Installation area mm 600 x 675 720 x 765 800 x 850
Machine height mm 1660 1760 1800

* The above figures are valid for balancing machines manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation as its standard models.
Consult your local agent if the rotor mass, maximum barrel diameter and so on are out of the range of the above values in your particular application.

6
 Horizontal type balancing machines

FH series

Horizontal type hard bearing balancing machines

FH-G series [belt drive type] Schematic view of a rotor
Code No.856-151 to 174
Length
Suitable for cylindrical rotors where a belt can be fitted on the outer
circumference.
Applications: high-speed spindles,
Maximum
magnetic drums, air diameter

Left shaft Right shaft

spindles, gas turbines, diameter diameter

steam turbines,
gyroscopes, etc.

Maximum distance between left and right bearings

a = distance between the center of the left bearing and the left correction plane
b = distance between the left correction plane and the right correction plane
c = distance between the right correction plane and the center of the right bearing

Note 1: As an option, all types of machines can handle larger dimensions of either D,
d1, d2 or a+b+c provided the rotor mass is within the range indicated in the
specifications of the respective machine type.
Note 2: As an option, all types of machines can handle rotor shapes that are different
from the schematic view, such as a rotor having no bearings.

■Specifications/FH- G-C1: Computerized measurement system, FH- G-A1: Analog measurement system
Code No. 856-151 856-153 856-155 856-157 856-159 856-161

Model FH-218G-C1 FH-228G-C1 FH-318G-C1 FH-328G-C1 FH-418G-C1 FH-428G-C1

Code No. 856-152 856-154 856-156 856-158 856-160 856-162

Model FH-218G-A1 FH-228G-A1 FH-318G-A1 FH-328G-A1 FH-418G-A1 FH-428G-A1

Rotor mass (kg) 0.1 to 14 0.2 to 20 0.5 to 45 0.7 to 75 1 to 140 2 to 200

(D) Rotor diameter (mm) 400 600 800

Rotor shaft Standard (mm) 5 to 22 10 to 50 10 to 70

diameter
(d1) Large (mm) 20 to 40 50 to 75 70 to 120

(d2) Extra-large (mm) 40- 40- 120-

(A) Distance between (mm)

left and right frames 400 700 1000
Range of diameter for (mm) 20 to 150 25 to 200 40 to 240
fitting a belt
Test rotational speed (min-1) 900 to 3600 600 to 2500 600 to 2000

Drive motor (kW) 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.75 0.75

Measurement sensitivity (g•mm) 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.7

Code No. 856-163 856-165 856-167 856-169 856-171 856-173

Model FH-518G-C1 FH-528G-C1 FH-618G-C1 FH-628G-C1 FH-718G-C1 FH-728G-C1

Code No. 856-164 856-166 856-168 856-170 856-172 856-174

Model FH-518G-A1 FH-528G-A1 FH-618G-A1 FH-628G-A1 FH-718G-A1 FH-728G-A1

Rotor mass (kg) 2.5 to 420 4 to 700 5 to 1400 10 to 2500 15 to 4200 30 to 7000

(D) Rotor diameter (mm) 1200 1600 2000

Rotor shaft Standard (mm) 20 to 100 20 to 140 30 to 160

diameter
(d1) Large (mm) 100 to 180 140 to 250 160 to 300

(d2) Extra-large (mm) 180- 250- 300-

(A) Distance between (mm) 1400 1900 2400

left and right frames
Range of diameter for (mm) 50 to 300 80 to 400 120 to 450
fitting a belt
Test rotational speed (min-1) 450 to 1800 350 to 1600 250 to 1400

Drive motor (kW) 1.5 2.2 2.2 3.7 5.5 7.5

Measurement sensitivity (g•mm) 1.5 2 3 5 7 10

*1 The above figures are valid for balancing machines manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation as its standard models. Consult your local agent if the rotor diameter is out of the range
of the above values in your particular application.
*2 Consult your local agent for the maximum acceptable diameter of extra-large rotors.
*3 Extendible according to the length of rotors (optional)

7
 Horizontal type hard bearing balancing machines

Horizontal type hard bearing balancing machines

FH series [shaft drive type] Horizontal rotor dimensions (see Specifications)
Code No.850-101, 856-103 to 122
Length
Suitable for non-cylindrical rotors where a belt cannot be fitted on the
outer circumference.
Applications: multiblade fans, turbofans, high-speed
Maximum
spindles, gear wheels, grinding diameter

Left shaft Right shaft

wheels, small-sized armatures, air diameter diameter

turbines and so on.

Maximum distance between left and right bearings

a = distance between the center of left bearing and the left correction plane
b = distance between the left correction plane and the right correction plane
c = distance between the right correction plane and the center of right bearing

Note 1: As an option, all types of machines can handle larger dimensions of either ,
D, d1, d2 or a+b+c provided the rotor mass is within the range indicated in the
specifications of the respective machine type.
Note 2: As an option, all types of machines can handle rotor shapes that are different
from the schematic view, such as a rotor having no bearings.

■Specifications/FH- -C1: Computerized measurement system, FH- -A1: Analog measurement system
Code No. 856-103 856-105 856-107 856-109

Model FH-418-C1 FH-428-C1 FH-518-C1 FH-528-C1

Code No. 850-101 856-104 856-106 856-108 856-110

Model FH-216-C2 FH-418-A1 FH-428-A1 FH-518-A1 FH-528-A1

Rotor mass (kg) 0.1 to 10 1 to 140 2 to 200 2.5 to 420 4 to 700

(D ) Rotor diameter (mm) 400 800 1200

Rotor shaft Standard (mm) 5 to 20 10 to 70 20 to 100

diameter
(d1) Large (mm) 20 to 40 70 to 120 100 to 180

(d2) Extra-large (mm) 40- 120- 180-

Distance between the edge

(mm)
of the universal coupling 395 900 1500
flange and the center of the left frame.

Test rotational speed (min-1) 900 / 1800 450 / 900 / 1800 360 / 720 / 1440

Drive motor (kW) 0.2 0.75 0.75 1.5 2.2

Measurement sensitivity (g•mm) 0.5 / dig 0.5 0.75 1.5 2.75

Code No. 856-111 856-113 856-115 856-117 856-119 856-121

Model FH-618-C1 FH-628-C1 FH-718-C1 FH-728-C1 FH-818-C1 FH-828-C1

Code No. 856-112 856-114 856-116 856-118 856-120 856-122

Model FH-618-A1 FH-628-A1 FH-718-A1 FH-728-A1 FH-818-A1 FH-828-A1

Rotor mass (kg) 5 to 1400 10 to 2500 15 to 4200 30 to 7000 100 to 14000 200 to 20000

(D) Rotor diameter (mm) 1600 2000 2400

Rotor shaft Standard (mm) 20 to 140 30 to 160 50 to 200

diameter
(d1) Large (mm) 140 to 250 160 to 300 200 to 400
(d2) Extra-large (mm) 250- 300- 400-

Distance between the edge

(mm)
of the universal coupling 2000 2500 5000
flange and the center of the left frame.

Test rotational speed*5 (min-1) 300 / 490 / 760 / 1230 250 / 410 / 615 / 1010 215 / 360 / 600 / 890 / 1370

Drive motor (kW) 5.5 7.5 11 22 30 45

Measurement sensitivity (g•mm) 3 5 7 10 15 20

*4 Consult your local agent for a horizontal type hard bearing balancing machine FH series that is equipped with a belt-drive mechanism in addition to the shaft-drive mechanism.
*5 Test rotational speed may vary according to the specifications of the transmission gear train.

8
 Horizontal type balancing machines

AH • FH series

Measuring systems
Horizontal type balancing machines are available in combination with a choice of measurement systems
according to the purpose of the measurement.
Confirm the measurement systems that are available for the particular balancer by checking the last two characters (-C1, -C2, -A1,
-GS1) of the machine name indicated in the list of specifications.
(For the AH series, the only choice of measurement system is "Computerized measurement system -C2".)

Computerized measurement system … - C1 Code No.850-577

This system covers a wide range from multi-item small-lot production to mass- Easy operation through interactive
produced rotors. man-machine interface in English
Convenience on the production line has been maximized in the computerized A full-time operator is not needed since
measurement system -C1. Simple functional operation greatly improves the efficiency of operating conditions for balancing such
performing balancing. as rotor dimensions and correction
planes can be easily set through the
interactive man-machine interface
consisting of a large display screen with
English text and a ten-key panel.

L R

ANGLE
MASS Data setting screen (1)

Data setting screen (2)

■-C1: Other main functions

Real-time display of measurement results Storage of rotor dimensions and condition

The measurement results are L R settings L R
displayed both graphically and
Capable of memorizing up to 200
digitally in real-time.
different sets of information
●Polar coordinate display
including rotor dimensions,
●Components of unbalance
calculation constants, tolerance of
display (displays components of
unbalance, correction method and
an unbalance divided into 3 to 12 ANGLE so on, which are instantly
components in angles at 2 MASS retrieved, read out and reused for
positions) ●Two-planes dynamic
settings. This function is
balance, static/couple unbalance
particularly handy when
● Unbalance display ●OK/NG Measurement screen (1) Measurement screen (2)
measuring a number of rotors.
tolerance judgment

Function for storing the distribution of Comprehensive range of functions

unbalance Zero compensation, eccentricity compensation, key seats compensation,
computer interface, RGB output for an external color monitor, averaging
By storing indicated values in a vector expression for each measurement, the function, and self diagnostic function. The condition settings can be changed
distribution of unbalance of the rotor can be quickly identified. after measurement.
The behavior of unbalance can also be traced by varying the rotational speed
during measurement.
Simple data output
Automatic ranging function further improves through built-in printer
operation efficiency An automatic print-out of condition settings
and measurement results by the built-in
An automatic ranging function further simplifies the operation since it is not printer eliminates manual recording of data.
necessary to adjust the sensitivity according to the degree of unbalance.

9
 Horizontal type soft or hard bearing balancing machines

Computerized measurement system … - C2 Code No.850-579 Computerized measurement system … -GS1 Code No.850-578

Touch panel for greater efficiency A measurement system solely designed for soft bearing
The computerized measurement system -C2 is simple to balancing machines. This system can also be utilized in place of
operate thanks to the large liquid crystal color display and touch the old measurement system currently installed in an existing
panel. A man-machine interface with a display in English balancing machine.
reduces operation mistakes when setting rotor shapes and
measurement conditions.

Menu screen Measurement screen

■-C2: display screens

Unbalance measurement screen Maintenance mode screen Analog measurement system … -A1 Code No.850-576

Large-sized character display of Necessary items such as additional

important unbalance information workpiece setting, parameter Basic model of a measurement system, using an analog
such as angles, amounts, OK/NG setting, sensitivity setting and so on operating circuit. Unbalance information such as angles and
and so on eliminates mistakes are easily handled on this screen. amounts are displayed by an indicating pointer.
when reading the data.

10
 Horizontal type balancing machines

AH • FH series

Frame and rotor supporting bearing

■Frame ■Rotor supporting bearing

The solid structure of the frame guarantees accurate Horizontal type balancing machines are equipped with roller bearings having standard
measurement over a wide range of rotational speed by diameters, except the AH series, FH-216-C2 and FH-216C-C2 which are equipped with V-
virtue of its high stiffness and stable spring constant. The block bearings made of plastic. Roller bearings of large size and extra-large size, V-block
detector has a high bearings that will support rotors with bearings, overhang roller bearings that will support
accuracy that will not rotors with short shafts, and plain metal bearings for rotors having a large mass are
change over years of available as options.
operation, nor be
influenced by ambient
temperature or humidity. ■Rotor stopper
FH-…8 series are equipped with rotor stoppers as standard equipment
that prevent rotors from moving in the axial direction. Roller type rotor
clamps that prevent shafts from jumping up are available as options for
outboard rotors, unevenly loaded rotors and so on.

Standard diameter roller bearing Large diameter roller bearing

Standard diameter overhang roller bearing

Large diameter overhang roller bearing

Large diameter V block bearing

Standard diameter V block bearing Metal bearing

■ Bearings available for each type of machine Bearings: (1) roller bearing, (2) overhang roller bearing, (3) V-block bearing, (4) plain bearing
Standard diameter Large diameter Extra-large
Rotor shaft Rotor shaft Rotor shaft
Balancer type diameter Bearing Code No. diameter Bearing Code No. diameter Bearing Code No.
(1) 850-501 (1) 850-504 (1) 850-507
FH-216 5 to 20 (2) 850-502 20 to 40 (2) 850-505 40- (2) 850-508
(3) 850-503 (3) 850-506 (3) 850-509
(1) 850-510 (1) 850-513 (1) 850-516
FH-2 8G 5 to 22 (2) 850-511 20 to 40 (2) 850-514 40- (2) 850-517
(3) 850-512 (3) 850-515 (3) 850-518
(1) 850-519 (1) 850-522 (1) 850-525
FH-3 8, FH-3 8G 10 to 50 (2) 850-520 50 to 75 (2) 850-523 75- (2) 850-526
(3) 850-521 (3) 850-524 (3) 850-527
(1) 850-528 (1) 850-531 (1) 850-534
FH-4 8, FH-4 8G 10 to 70 (2) 850-529 70 to 120 (2) 850-532 120- (2) 850-535
(3) 850-530 (3) 850-533 (3) 850-536
(1) 850-537 (1) 850-540 (1) 850-543
FH-5 8, FH-5 8G 20 to 100 (2) 850-538 100 to 180 (2) 850-541 180- (2) 850-544
(3) 850-539 (3) 850-542 (3) 850-545
(1) 850-546 (1) 850-549 (1) 850-552
FH-6 8, FH-6 8G 30 to 140 (2) 850-547 140 to 250 (2) 850-550 250- (2) 850-553
(3) 850-548 (3) 850-551 (3) 850-554
(1) 850-555 (1) 850-558 (1) 850-561
FH-7 8, FH-7 8G 30 to 160 (2) 850-556 160 to 300 (2) 850-559 300- (2) 850-562
(3) 850-557 (3) 850-560 (3) 850-563
(1) 850-564 (1) 850-568 (1) 850-572
(2) 850-565 (2) 850-569 (2) 850-573
FH-8 8 50 to 200 200 to 360 360-
(3) 850-566 (3) 850-570 (3) 850-574
(4) 850-567 (4) 850-571 (4) 850-575

* Consult your local agent for the maximum available diameter for extra-large diameter bearings.

11
 Horizontal type soft or hard bearing balancing machines

Rotor driving systems

■End drive system

This drive system is suitable for rotors having large mass, rotors having Coupling Ball-and-socket joint
windage loss such as blowers, rotors having large moment of inertia such (used in FH-216 and FH-418)
as gear wheels and flywheels, and rotors that cannot easily be belt-driven
due to their shape.

Coupling Hooke's joint (used in FH-418 and FH-828)

■Belt drive system

This drive system is suitable for rotors that are easily belt-driven such as
shafts and armatures, rotors to which it is difficult to attach couplings
such as hollow rotors, and rotors that require minimum fitting errors.
Belt drive system with integrated motors
(used in FH-218G through FH-518G)
High-torque type belt drive system with built-in motors
(used in FH-518G and FH-528G)

High-torque type belt drive system with external motors

Belt drive system with external motors
(used in FH-618G through FH-728G)
(used in FH-418G through FH-528G)

12
 Horizontal type balancing machines

FH series

Examples of usage - single-purpose / universal models

FH-218GS single-purpose model

■ For motor armatures,

single-purpose model
The unbalance part is automatically
indexed by pushing the button after
measuring unbalance of motor
armatures.

FH-318GS single-purpose model

■ For crankshafts, fully-automatic model

Unbalance is automatically corrected for four-cylinder
crankshafts. This model has an economical
configuration including an L/C type transport system.

FH-318G-C1 universal model

■ Belt drive type, universal model

Ideal for remodeling and development of
four-cylinder crankshafts.

13
 Horizontal type soft or hard bearing balancing machines

FH-518G-C1 universal model

■ Belt drive type, universal model

Stable measurement is possible for rotors
having large windage loss such as turbines.

FH-618S-C1 single-purpose model

■ End drive type, universal model

Suitable for paper-making rolls and so on. In
spite of its robustness, a rigid frame enables
the detection of very small unbalances and
gives stable measurement results.

FH-828C-C1 universal model

■ End drive type, universal model

Suitable for rotors having both long length
and large diameter such as reduction rolls.

14
 Horizontal type balancing machines

AH • DEL series

Examples of usage-single-purpose / universal models

AH-312M single-purpose model

■ For crankshafts, fully-automatic model

Unbalance is automatically corrected for four-cylinder
crankshafts to be used for passenger cars.

AH-312M single-purpose model

■For crankshafts, fully-automatic model

Unbalance is automatically corrected for V-type six-cylinder crankshafts to be used for
passenger cars. This model immediately adapts to different workpieces during mixed
production and also features an automatic workpiece changing function according to
instructions from the host computer.

15
 Horizontal type soft or hard bearing balancing machines

AH-514ST single-purpose model

■ For crankshafts of industrial machines,

single-purpose model
Unbalance can be corrected manually without
removing the rotor after measuring its unbalance.

DEL-4CHT single-purpose model

■ For propeller shafts,

semi-automatic model
Automatic operation after
chucking the rotor. Unbalance is
automatically corrected by
using a projection welder.

16
 Vertical type balancing machines
FV series

Two types are available. One is a measurement

type which only measures unbalance and on
which the rotors are mounted manually. The other
is a correction type that operates in combination
with various types of unbalance correction
equipment and on which rotors are mounted
automatically from air chucks.

Vertical type balancing machines

FV series
Two types are available. One is a measurement type which has a function of
only measuring the unbalance where rotors are manually fitted. The other is
a correction type that can operate in combination with various unbalance
correction equipment where rotors are automatically fitted by air chucks.

Flow chart for machine-type selection

Select the machine type by its function
(measurement type/correction type).

Select the appropriate model from the table of specifications

according to the dimensions and mass of the rotor.

Select the adapter and rotor cover.

Select the correction equipment (drill press,
milling machine, welder, punching machine, etc.)
in the case of correction type balancing machines.

End of machine selection

Notes:
■ Balancing machines should be installed on a concrete floor
having no floors or basement underneath.

17
Vertical type balancing machines

FV series Vertical type balancing machines

Vertical type balancing machines

FV-B series
Code No.851-111 to 118
Basic model for measurement of unbalance only.
■Specifications
Code No. 851-111 851-112 851-113 851-114

Model AV-116B-C4 FV-216B-C4 FV-226B-C4 FV-316B-C4

Rotor mass*1 (kg) 0.03 to 0.4 0.1 to 3 0.1 to 10 1 to 30

(D) Rotor diameter*2
(mm) 200 250 300 500

(H) Rotor height*2 (mm) 50 100 100 100

Test rotational speed
(min-1) 1,800 900 900 900

Drive motor (kW) 0.06 0.2 0.75 1.5

Measurement sensitivity
0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5
(g • mm)

Code No. 851-115 851-116 851-117 851-118

Model FV-214B-C3 FV-314B-C3 FV-324B-C3 FV-414B-C3

Rotor mass*1 (kg) 0.3 to 3 1 to 30 2 to 40 3 to 100

(D) Rotor diameter*2
250 400 500 600
(mm)
(H) Rotor height*2 (mm) 100 100 100 100

Vertical rotor dimensions (see Specifications) Test rotational speed

900 750 450 450
(min-1)
(D)
Drive motor (kW) 0.75 1.5 2.2 3.7
Measurement sensitivity
(g • mm) 1 1 10 20

*1: Rotor mass is the sum of the mass of the adapter and the workpiece.
*2: Consult your local agent when the dimensions of the rotor are out of the range of the
(H) above specifications.
*3: The specifications of the drive motor may vary according to the dimensions and mass
of the rotor to be measured.

Vertical type balancing machines

FV-BT series
Code No.851-101 to 107
A model capable of providing machining and correction functions in
addition to unbalance measurement.

■Specifications
Code No. 851-101 851-102 851-103 851-104 851-105 851-106 851-107

Model FV-216BT-C4 FV-226BT-C4 FV-316BT-C4 FV-214BT-C3 FV-314BT-C3 FV-324BT-C3 FV-414BT-C3

Rotor mass*1 (kg) 0.1 to 3 0.1 to 10 1 to 30 0.3 to 3 1 to 30 2 to 40 3 to 100

(D) Rotor diameter*2
(mm) 80 to 250 80 to 300 80 to 400 80 to 250 80 to 400 80 to 400 120 to 500

(H) Rotor height (mm) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Test rotational speed
(min-1) 900 900 900 900 750 450 450

Drive motor (kW) 0.2 0.75 1.5 0.75 1.5 2.2 3.7
Measurement sensitivity
0.1 0.1 0.5 1 1 10 20
(g•mm)

*1:Rotor mass is a sum of the mass of the adapter and the workpiece.
*2: Consult your local agent when the dimension of the rotor is out of the range of the above specification.
*3: The symbols representing each dimension of the rotor are the same as those for the FV series.
*4: Specification of the drive motor may vary according to the dimension and mass of the rotor to be measured.

18
 Vertical type balancing machines

FV series

Adapters and rotor covers

Adapters are used for mounting rotors on balancing machines and are classified as manual or automatic types.

■Manual type adapters

Applicable machines: Vertical type balancing machines (all models)
Fixed in-rope type Code No.851-501 Collet type I Code No.851-502 Collet type II Code No.851-503

A simple structure results in good economy.

■Automatic air-chuck type adapters

Applicable machines: Vertical type balancing machines (FV type 851-115 to 118 and 851-104 to 107)

Inside type Code No.851-504 Outside type Code No.851-505 Hydraulic mandrel type Code
Code No.851-506

Pressing the push-button switch to fasten or loosen the adapter enables convenient operation.

■Rotor cover (protection cover)

It is strongly recommended that rotor covers be attached in order to prevent accidents
when operating the rotor. Consult your local agent for the shapes and mechanisms of
rotor covers.

Pull-open type cover Opens Slide type cover

in the upward direction. Slides horizontally
Code No.851-507 open Code No.851-508 close

close open

19
 Vertical type balancing machines

Measuring systems
Two types of measurement system are available according to the models of vertical type balancing machines.

Computerized measurement system… C3 Code No.851-509 Computerized measurement system… C4 Code No.851-510

Easy to operate in addition to high accuracy Features

and multifunctional features. ● Suitable for balance
measurement of disk
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3)
shaped rotors such
(1) Display of the amount of unbalance
as motor pulleys and
(2) Display of unbalance angle brake disks.
(3) Display of components of an unbalance ● The direction of
(4) OK/NG tolerance judgment rotation for
(5) Display of the number of drills measurement can be
selected as either right
(6) Unit setting
or left by setting
(7) (6) (8) (7) Display of the workpiece number parameters.
(8) Large LCD screen for setting the ● Data, including the
(9) workpiece data
workpiece identifier and the rotation direction, are easily input via
(9) Ten-key keyboard for input an LCD display screen and a ten-key keyboard by simply
pressing alphanumeric and YES/NO keys.
● Up to 100 sets of entered workpiece date are stored in non-volatile
Features EE-ROM.
● Large and legible digital display ● Zero compensation, eccentricity compensation and key/key-seat
● Setting through interactive interface compensation circuits are included as standard equipment.
● Measurement time of one second ● Capable of outputting data through the RS-232C interface.
High speed and high accuracy unbalance measurement has been
achieved by the tracking and our unique VTC signal processing The C4 measurement system executes various
method. calculations regarding the angle of unbalance
● Automatic ranging for easier operation components.
Automatic selection of the optimum sensitivity eliminates manual
Calculates the position of rotor unbalance for
adjustment of sensitivity according to the amount of unbalance. Polar
the entire range of angle (0 to 359 degrees)
coordinate
● Capable of storing up to 32(*) workpiece data (rotor dimensions, together with the amount of unbalance.
etc.). No battery changing required since the data are stored in Calculates the position (angle) of unbalance for
Equal-angle two two positions of equal angle together with the
non-volatile memory (EE-ROM), which simplifies maintenance. components of amount of unbalance.
(*100 sets of data optionally) an unbalance (Example: Divided into 36 equal angles if an angle of 10 degrees is
set, and divided into 72 equal angles if an angle of 5 degrees is set)
● Measurement and correction are easily executed even for rotors
having shapes where correction positions are restricted, since Calculates the position (angle) of unbalance
Unequal-angle for two positions of unequal angle together
the settings are instantly selected for either equal-angle moving two components with the amount of unbalance.
multi-components of an unbalance or unequal-angle fixed of an unbalance (Example: Calculates a maximum of 90 divisions in
unequal angles instead of equal angles for the
components of a force. The angle between components of an angle of either 5 or 10 degrees.)
unbalance can be divided into 3 to 90 components within a range The positions to be corrected are calculated as
Equal-angle angles when the unbalance is so large that it
of 360 degrees (optional). moving multi- cannot be corrected at a single position.
components (Example: The corrections are calculated for each
of an of either two or three positions in case that an
unbalance unbalance of 15g is calculated where the maximum
allowable correction is 10g at one position.)
● Simple installation of a sensitivity circuit and an eccentricity The positions to be corrected are calculated as
compensation circuit markedly increases the operation efficiency. Unequal-angle unequal angles when the unbalance is so
fixed multi- large that it cannot be corrected at a single
position.
(1) Sensitivity circuit components
(Example: The corrections are calculated within a range
The circuit can be built simply by measuring unbalance after attaching of an of preset angles for each of either two or three positions
unbalance in case that an unbalance of 15g is calculated where the
a test mass at zero degrees by calculation using the influence maximum allowable correction is 10g at one position.)
constant method. It is not necessary to operate a zero compensation
circuit or to build zero-unbalance master rotors.
(2) Automatic eccentricity compensation circuit
Unbalance of the rotor itself is independently and accurately measured
since the eccentricity of the adapter is electrically compensated.
(3) Key/key seat compensation circuit
It is not necessary to attach and detach keys during measurement of
unbalance for rotors having either keys or key seats.
● Zero compensation eccentricity compensation circuit and key/key
seat compensation circuits are included as standard . Displayed angle Displayed angle
of unbalance of unbalance
● OK/NG display indicates measurement results at a glance. (display necessary (two positions)
Tests are much more efficient as the OK/NG judgment is displayed for positions in angles)
each unbalance measurement in accordance with the preset tolerance
of unbalance.
● External output Displayed angle Displayed Displayed angle
Centronics interface (standard: for printers) of unbalance angle of of unbalance
unbalance
RS-232C interface (standard equipment) (display necessary (single position)
positions in angles) (two positions)

20
 Vertical type balancing machines

FV series

Examples of usage-single-purpose / universal models

FV-214BS single-purpose model

■Correction type single-purpose model

Semi-automatic model dedicated to torque converter
parts for automobiles, and equipped with an
unbalance correction function.

FV-314BT-C3 universal model

■Correction type universal model

Basic model of correction type equipped with
a manual correction tool.

FV-314BST single-purpose model

■Correction type single-purpose model

Semi-automatic model dedicated to damper pulleys
for automobiles, and equipped with an unbalance
correction function.

21
 Vertical type balancing machines

FV-314BM single-purpose model

■ Correction type single-purpose model

Fully-automatic model dedicated to flywheels for
automobiles, and equipped with an unbalance
correction function.

FV-324BM single-purpose model

■ Correction type single-purpose model

Fully-automatic model dedicated to torque converters
for automobiles, and equipped with an unbalance
correction function.

FV-414BT-C3 universal model

■Correction type universal model

Universal model for flywheel assemblies of
automobiles, and equipped with a manual
correction function.

22
 Field balancing equipment
DEP series

Field balancing equipment is needed either when

a rotor cannot be attached to the balancing
machine of either the horizontal or vertical type,
or when the unbalance of a rotor assembly is to
be corrected after it has been assembled from
rotor components whose unbalance has already
been corrected. Field balancing equipment
measures the unbalance and displays the
information necessary for correcting the
unbalance.

Fieldmatic
DEP-H
Capable of analyzing vibration in parallel with measuring unbalance in
the field. It can detect vibration components other than unbalance as well
as the excitation status of higher order vibration components caused by
an unbalance.

Balance Keeper
DEP-J1
Basic type field balancing equipment for simple unbalance measurement in
the field

Flow chart for machine-type selection

Balance a rotor installed in a machine.

Unbalance measurement Unbalance measurement

+
Vibration analysis (DEP-J1)
(DEP-H)

23
Field balancing equipment

DEP series Field balancing equipment

Fieldmatic DEP-H
Code No.852-106

Portable unbalance measuring

instrument equipped
with vibration analysis function
Features
■ Packs many balancing test functions into a compact
instrument
● No limitation on storage regarding the number of calculating
circuits which are used to calibrate the amount and angle of
unbalance, so it can handle practically any situation
encountered in the field.
● It is possible to display more than one alternative position
(e.g. angles) for correction by showing components of an
unbalance, when the indicated position (e.g. angle) of
correction is inaccessible on the rotor.
● Can handle a wide range of rotational speeds (60 to 60,000 min-1).
■ Equipped with vibration analysis function (FFT)
● A comparison (effect) of vibration components before and
after unbalance correction can be made by monitoring the
vibration components of unbalance.
●Can detect the presence of any vibration cause, excluding
for unbalance, so the vibration analysis function (3 to
20,000Hz) can also be used independently (six channels
■Specifications maximum when option is used).
Code No. 852-106 ■ A notebook computer running under Windows® is used
Model DEP-H as a man-machine-interface.
Specifications of field balancing equipment
● All the necessary operations and displays are done on the
Method of measurement Automatic measurement of phase and amplitude simultaneously
computer.
by using multiplication method ● The measurement results are instantly brought together for
Measurement Revolution
range speed 60 to 60,000min-1 (unbalance measurement) preparing inspection certificates and test reports by utilizing
Maximum
sensitivity 5mV/FS (at the minimum vibration frequency) various application software on Windows.
Input terminal Pickup Two circuits standard (six circuits optional) ● The measurement results can be distributed by e-mail in
Detector One circuit combination with a mobile phone.
Power supply 100VAC 50/60Hz

Method of display Simultaneous display of phase, amplitude and revolution speed

Unbalance measurement section

■Standard configuration
Correction (number of Main body AH-CPU-IF One unit
measurement planes) One (single) plane to six planes
Number of storage and AD card DAQ-Card 516 One
calculation circuits No limitation (by using external storage media)
Eccentricity compensation, zero compensation, offset Optical fiber detector F5RN + FS507 (with a 5m cable) One
compensation and functions of both equal-angle and unequal-
A machine that illuminates the rotor and detects light either
angle component of a force divided into 3 to 180 sections are
absorbed by or reflected from the rotor to obtain a pulse signal
standard equipment.
corresponding to the rotational speed.
Angle and amount of residual unbalance are displayed both
numerically and graphically. Outside dimensions approx. 180W x 45D x 30H mm (excluding tip portion)

Specifications of vibration measurement section Magnet base for fixing the detector Square shape (with an ON/OFF switch) One

Frequency 3 to 20,000Hz Dynamic velocity pickup V238J (with a stylus) One

Vibration analysis Waveform display (1 to 6 channels) Maximum acceleration 98m/s2

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional display (1 to 6 channels)
Frequency range 20 to 150Hz
of vibration analysis results (FFT)

Display capability Amplitude 0.001µm Sensitivity 0.1V/cm/s

Velocity 0.0001cm/s Maximum amplitude 0.5mm P-P

Voltage 0.01mV Outside dimensions ø28mmx80mm

Mass Approx.140g
Required specifications for the computer (measurement and display section) (unbundled)
Direction of detection For both horizontal and vertical directions
Hardware Personal computers running on Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4.0
Pickup cable 5m basic type One
CPU Pentium 166MHz or faster
Magnet base for fixing the pickup 30mm in diameter, round shape (with fitting screws) One
Memory 64MB or more recommended
Reflective tape 30cm One
OS Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4.0
Power cable 2m standard type One
Display 800 x 600 dots, 256 colors or higher resolution
Case Aluminum carrying case for DEP-H One
PCMCIA Type II interface in which National Instruments DAQ-Card 516
AD CARD
can be installed Outside dimensions 461W x 334D x 160H mm

PC (unbundled) Notebook computer running Windows 95/98/NT4.0 One

Serial port RS-232C (9 pins)
Total weight Approximately 10kg including standard accessories and computer
* A computer is required for using this system. Consult your local agent for
selecting the type of computer.

24
 Field balancing equipment

DEP series

Balance Keeper DEP-J1

Code No.852-102

Accurate Detection of Unbalance in

Rotors on Site
This is an instrument optimal for the correction of
unbalance so necessary in maintaining the
durability, accuracy and longevity of rotating
machinery such as motors, blowers, pumps and
compressors found in a typical production facility.
Features
●Simple operation through an interactive touch panel unit.
●Phase (angle), amplitude (vibration synchronized with a rotor),
vibration (overall vibration) and revolution speed are automatically
measured and displayed in real-time for two rotor planes
■Menu screen ■Measurement screen
simultaneously on the same screen.
● Optimal for the periodic inspection of rotor production lines and
machine equipment thanks to the capability of registering up to
60 workpieces. Up to 200 pieces of measurement data can be
recorded for individual workpieces.
● After displaying a measurement result in polar coordinates (0º to
359.9º), this instrument can redisplay the angle/mass as divided
■Magnified measurement screen ■Component force calculation screen unbalance components (3 to 120 equal/unequal angle
components).
● An unbalance measuring system using revolution-synchronized
signals through a small fiber-optic sensor allows high-accuracy
measurement without being influenced by vibration noise.
● A correction operation and remeasurement can be alternated
efficiently with single-touch operation of measurement start and stop.
● An automatic ranging function is equipped to automatically set a
measuring range appropriate for a measurement result, different
■Specifications
from a manual range switching function.
Code No. 852-107
●The optimal vibration pickup for a rotor can be selected from an
Model DEP-J1
Unbalance measuring function abundant lineup of pickups (optional accessories).
Display Phase (angle: 0~359.9º, amplitude (mass), real-time vibrations of ●Equipped with various external output interfaces as standard.
two planes, revolution speed, and divided unbalance components
(3~120 equal/unequal angle components)

Functions Correction (number of measuring planes): Single plane~ dual ■Standard configuration
planes (optional vibration pickups need to be added.)
Correction plane separate measurement with the coefficient Code No. Specifications Quantity
of influence
Number of registered workpieces: Max. 60, number of pieces of — Machine DEP-J1 (with a carrying belt) 1 piece
measurement data to be stored: Max. 200 for each workpiece
850-003 Motor-driven speed pickup V238 (with a stylus) 1 set
Vibration measuring function V238J Maximum acceleration 50m/S2
Measuring range Revolution 60-99999min-1 (Differs depending on the used pickup.) Frequency range 20 to 150Hz
speed Revolution speed 1200 to 9000min-1
Sensitivity 100mV/cm/s
Frequency of 10 to 1000Hz (Differs depending on the pickup used.) Maximum amplitude 1mmp-p
vibration Switching display of displacement, speed, acceleration, and voltage External dimensions/Mass ø28mm x 80mm/Approx. 150g
Detecting direction Compatible with both horizontal
Resolutions Displacement: 0.001µm
Speed: 0.001cm/s and vertical directions.
Acceleration: 0.001cm/s2 852-001 Motor-driven speed pickup cable: 5m, standard type 1 piece
Voltage: 0.001mV
19DAA005 Motor-driven speed pickup fixing magnet base:
Panel unit 1 piece
Touch panel/Color LCDTen-key panel ø40mm, round (with mounting screws)

Input Pickup input: 2 circuits 852-008 Fiber-optic detector main unit with a 5m cable (with a connector) 1 piece
Detector input: 1 circuit
852-010 Fiber-optic detector FS507 with a tip of 70mm 1 piece
Output RS2332C
852-013 Detector fixing magnet stand 7010 1 piece
Memory function A memory card available with one slot for a compact flash memory
(Optional accessory: Code No.19DAA007) 19DAA003 Reflective tape: 100mm 1 roll

Input/Output port One port 1 port 19BAA114 Power cable: 2mm (for 100VAC)
1 piece
with a 3P to 2P conversion connector
Power supply 100VAC, 50/60Hz, 15W
— Instruction Manual 1 copy
Operating temperature range 0 to 40°C
19DAA004 Main unit storage case (with an accessory case):
1 piece
Dimensions/Mass Approx. 260W x 240D x 130H mm, Approx. 3Kg 390W x 190D x 280H mm

Note: The 220VAC specification power supply is also available (Code No.382-107K).

25
 Field balancing equipment

Usage examples of Balance Keeper

Field balancing of spindles in machine tools, high-speed Balance measurement of spindles in combination with a test
spindles, slicers, grinding wheels, and cutters installed in bench fabricated by a customer.
machines.

Retrofitting as an installation-type balancer. Retrofitting as an installation-type balancer.

26
 Field balancing equipment

DEP series Field balancing equipment

Optional parts and components for field balancing equipment

Code No. Item / Name DEP-H DEP-J1 Dynamic velocity pickup

Dynamic velocity pickup V238J

Maximum acceleration : 50m/s2
Frequency range : 20 to 150Hz
820-003 V238J
Sensitivity : 100mV/cm/s
Maximum amplitude : 1mmp-p
820-006 V231
Outside dimensions : ø28 x 80mm
Mass : 150g
820-004 V233H Direction of detection : For both horizontal and vertical directions

820-005 V233V

Cable for dynamic velocity pickups V231

Maximum acceleration : 50m/s2
Frequency range : (15)to 20 to 1000Hz
852-001 5m basic type Sensitivity : 100mV/cm/s
Maximum amplitude : 2mmp-p
852-002 10m basic type Outside dimensions : ø50 x 110mm
Mass : 600g
Direction of detection : Arbitrary
852-003 5m extended type
Note: The value in parentheses is that indicated in the
inspection certificate.
852-004 10m extended type

Magnetic base for fixing the dynamic velocity pickups

V233
19DAA005 40mm diameter type (with fitting screws) Maximum acceleration : 50m/s2
Frequency range : (5) to 7 to 200Hz
852-005 30mm round type (with mounting screws) Sensitivity : 100mV/cm/s
Maximum amplitude : 1mmp-p
852-006 Square type (with fitting screws) Outside dimensions : ø50 x 110mm
Mass : 600g
Piezoelectric acceleration pickup Direction of detection : Either horizontal or vertical direction which
has been predetermined
852-021 AR12 V233H … for detecting horizontal vibration
V233V … for detecting vertical vibration
Cable for piezoelectric acceleration pickup Note: The value in parentheses is that indicated in the
inspection certificate.
852-007 5m basic type

Optical fiber detector

Piezoelectric acceleration pickup
852-008 5m cable
AR12
852-009 2m cable (high speed type) Maximum acceleration : 250m/s2
Frequency range : 5 to 5000Hz
852-010 70mm tip portion Sensitivity : 100mV/9.8m/s2
Outside dimensions : ø19 x 38mm
852-011 150mm tip portion Mass : 60g
Direction of detection : Vertical cross talk 5%
19DAA006 200mm tip portion The photograph shows a combination with a dynamic pickup.

852-012 1000mm flexible tip type

Optical fiber detector
852-013 Magnet stand
Main body
Other accessories An equipment that, in
combination with a
19DAA007 Memory card: compact flash memory card (64MB) detector tip, illuminates
the rotating part and
19DAA008 Printer BLE-58S (thermal serial-dot type) detects the light either

Printer cable KR-M2 (2m) absorbed by or reflected from the rotating part to obtain a
19DAA009 pulse signal corresponding to the rotational speed.
with a conversion connector (D9S-MM)
Outside dimensions: 180W x 45D x 30H mm (excluding tip
: standard equipment, : option
portion)

27
Mass centering machines
Mass centering machines can:
Material
■Reduce the amount and dispersion of initial unbalance.
■Reduce the machining amount necessary to correct
unbalance. Center hole
■Improve the operation efficiency of balancing processes. machining
Balancing (correction of unbalance) is usually done when all of the
machining processes have been completed for the workpiece. A small On the basis of On the basis of
initial unbalance, which is an unbalance before correction after completion mass distribution outside shape
of the machining process, reduces the time necessary for correcting the
unbalance and thus improves the process efficiency. Fully-machined
rotors have relatively smaller magnitude and dispersion of the initial
unbalance due to improved machining accuracy. However, rotors that
Mass Ordinary
have complicated shapes and large surfaces which are not machined until
the end of machining such as crankshafts tend to have both a large initial
centering centering
unbalance and irregular dispersion.
Either cast or forged material is machined by mounting on center holes
that have been machined in both ends of the rotor. The magnitude and
dispersion of the initial unbalance of the workpiece after completion of
machining are strongly influenced by the position of these center holes. A Machining using center holes
comparison of initial unbalance between workpieces whose these for workholding
centerhole positions are determined on the basis of outside shapes and
workpieces whose center hole positions are determined by balancing
them before machining shows that the latter workpieces have smaller
Initial unbalance
dispersion of initial unbalance.
The method of determining the position of the center hole not by the
outside shape but by the distribution of mass of the workpiece, is called
mass centering. The purpose of mass centering is to minimize the amount Balancing process
of unbalance correction in the final process.

Mass characteristics measuring

system POI series
This system is used to measure the mass characteristics of a test
body that has a complicated structure and mass distribution such as
an artificial satellite by placing the test body in a freely rotatable
state. The moment of inertia is measured from the natural frequency
of rotational vibration; the center of gravity, the product of inertia and
the dynamic unbalance are measured from the resultant of forces
and the resultant the moment of the centrifugal force.

Structural features
The axis of rotation is aligned vertically, with the upper end spherical in
shape and the lower end cylindrical in shape, both ends being supported
by highly precise static gaseous bearings. Rotation without influence of
friction or bearing noise guarantees high accuracy measurements. Force
detectors installed on both ends of the axis enable both the product of
inertia and the dynamic unbalance to be measured at a single speed. This
eliminates the necessity of measurements
at two different speeds which may cause
measurement errors in conventional
systems that have force detectors only at
the lower bearing.

Test bodies to be measured

Seven models are available, having
maximum mass of test bodies of 25, 150,
450, 1600, 3000, 5500 and 10500 kg
respectively, to meet a wide variety of
requirements.

28
 Explanation of technical terms regarding balancing
These explanations are abbreviated forms of JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) terms.
Refer to the JIS B 0153 text for strict definitions and details.

Balancing machine Soft bearing balancing machine

The generic name for machines that are used to measure unbalance The spring constant of the rotor supporting part is low, so the
of rotors in order to reduce vibrations of rotating machines. rotational speed for measurement is higher than the natural
Balancing machines include center of gravity type (non-rotating type) frequency of the spring. This type of machine has the advantage that
and centrifugal type (rotating type) machines. This term usually the measurement is not influenced by vibrations other than that of
refers to a centrifugal type machine. the balancing machine such as the vibration of the floor.

Rotor Single-plane balancing machine

The generic name for rotating bodies. A rotor has a portion that is A balancing machine that is used for single-plane balancing. It
supported by a bearing, which is called a journal. Even disk shaped includes a gravitational type and a centrifugal types.
rotors having no journals such as flywheels and record discs are
equipped with journals when they are actually rotated. As an Two-plane balancing machine
exception, artificial satellites have no journals when they are being A balancing machine that is used for two-plane balancing. There is
balanced. only the centrifugal type. A two-plane balancing machine and a
rotating balancing machine are called a dynamic balancing
Gravitational balancing machine machines.
This is a machine for measuring static unbalance without rotating a
rotor. It executes only single-plane balancing. In principle, two-plane Rigid rotor
balancing cannot be done by using this machine. A rotor with high stiffness that allows it to be treated as a rigid body.
In practice this means that, after having been balanced in two
Centrifugal balancing machine correction planes, its unbalance will not exceed the tolerance limit
A machine for measuring unbalance by rotating a rotor. This due to deformation at any speed which is lower than the practical
machine is equipped with a device for supporting the rotor and maximum rotational speed.
measuring the centrifugal forces developed at the supporting
bearings. Centrifugal balancing machines are classified by their Flexible rotor
mechanism of supporting rotors into two types, one of which is a A rotor that is too flexible to be treated as a rigid rotor. Unbalance
hard bearing balancing machine and the other is a soft bearing appears due to deformation of the rotor when the rotational speed
balancing machine. becomes high enough.

Hard bearing balancing machine Single-plane balancing

The spring constant of the bearings is high, so the rotational speed Balancing a rigid rotor so that the residual static unbalance is within
for measurement is lower than the natural frequency of the spring. It a given limit. The term derives from the fact that the balancing is
has an advantage that no preparation is needed for separating the done in a single correction plane.
correction planes and the sensitivity setting.

The following terms are in general use although they are not defined in JIS.

Balancer Zero compensation

An abbreviated term for a balancing machine. Note that several This eliminating the effect of the initial unbalance of a rotor. This is
words have multiple different meanings. a convenient function in preparatory operations for separating
correction planes in soft bearing balancing machines.
Semi-hard balancing machine
A balancing machine where the rotor is supported by a hard Belt drive
spring while the separation of correction planes is set through One of various methods for driving rotors in horizontal balancing
preparatory operation with a test mass attached. The advantage machines. A rubber belt is directly fitted to the rotor to drive it.
of this machine is that it is mechanically robust and that correction
Shaft drive
can be done on the machine.
One of various methods for driving rotors in horizontal balancing
Eccentricity compensation machines. The rotor is driven by connecting a coupling which is
Compensation (or cancellation) of eccentricity at the connecting attached to the rotor with a joint fitted to the balancing machine.
part between a balancing machine and a rotor that has no shaft.
Maximum sensitivity
Unbalance vectors are measured both before and after reversing
A minimum value of residual unbalance that the measurement
the rotor 180 degrees. These unbalance vectors are separated in
system of a balancing machine can measure and display.
such a way that the component of the unbalance vector which has
been reversed 180 degrees, between the before and after
measurements, is attributed to unbalance of the rotor and that the
component of the unbalance vector which has not changed before
and after measurement is attributed to unbalance due to
eccentricity.

29
Two-plane balancing Couple unbalance
Balancing performed on a rigid rotor so that the residual unbalance A state of unbalance in a rigid rotor where the central principal axis
is within a given limit. The term comes from the fact that the and the rotation axis do not coincide but cross each other at the
balancing is done in at least two correction planes. center of mass.
It is a state where unbalances, of the same amount and opposite in
Plane separation direction, exist in two planes of a rotor which seems to be in perfect
Means an operation for reducing the correction plane interference static balance.
for a particular rotor on a balancing machine. Correction plane
interference means a deviation of the indication on the balancing Dynamic unbalance
machine regarding one correction plane that occurs when unbalance A state of unbalance in a rigid rotor where the central principal axis
is changed in another correction plane. and the rotation axis do not coincide and do not cross each other at
Smaller correction plane interference increases the efficiency of the center of mass.
balancing. The plane separation is calculated either by an electric
circuit or in the measurement system or by software. Residual unbalance
An unbalance that remains in a rotor after a balancing operation.
Principal axis
There are three principal axes of the moment of inertia of a rigid Initial unbalance
body through the center of mass of that body, mutually The unbalance that exists in a rotor before balancing.
perpendicular to each other. The nearest one of these axes to the Minimum achievable residual unbalance
rotation axis is called the central principal axis. This principal axis of The amount of the minimum residual unbalance that can be
inertia is called either a balance axis or a mass axis. achieved by using a particular balancing machine. This indicates the
Static unbalance critical performance of a balancing machine, which is denoted as
A state of unbalance of a rigid rotor where the central principal axis Umar.
is displaced from the rotation axis but is parallel to it. Field balancing equipment
It is a state where an unbalance exists in the plane of the center of A measurement instrument that utilizes both bearings and rotating
mass of a perfectly balanced rotor. mechanisms of the machine itself that is to be balanced.

■Comparison between hard bearing and soft bearing balancing machines

Hard bearing balancing machine Soft bearing balancing machine

Dynamic balancing machine that detects Dynamic balancing machine that detects
Outline unbalance as a centrifugal force by using a very unbalance as a vibration by using a flexible
rigid bearing system. bearing system.

Detects centrifugal force that acts on the bearing Detects vibration of the bearing.
1. Measures a small displacement between A velocity detector is inserted between the
Method of bearing benches where bearings are supported bearing and the frame.
detection by hard springs.
2. A force detector is inserted between the
bearing and the frame.
The natural frequency of the bearing is higher than the The natural frequency of the bearing is lower than the
rotational speed. rotational speed. Phase
Displacement
Natural frequency of Phase
bearing system and X X
f/k e
test rotational speed Displacement
W
Wo(Natural frequency) Wo
Range of test Range of test
rotational speed Rotational speed W rotational speed

Rotors that are manufactured in multi-item, small- Rotors that are mass-produced so that the
lot production runs that necessitate frequent calculation circuit setting does not have to be
changes to the calculation circuit setting; rotors changed frequently; lightweight rotors; very high
Suitable rotors that spend a relatively long time starting and speed rotors.
stopping, so taking an appreciable time to set the
calculation circuits; and rotors having large initial
unbalances.

30
 Technical guide
1.Introduction 5.Expression of unbalance
Rotating machine components are becoming increasingly precise, and It is not useful to express the unbalance of a rotor by using the centrifugal
operate at ever-higher speeds, due to the progress of technology. At the force P since this force changes as the rotational speed P changes.
same time, there is a constant demand for higher operational efficiency, Instead, we define an unbalance factor U as the product of an
durability and usability. The primary factor that degrades the performance unbalanced mass m positioned at radius r as given by the following:
and service life of components operating at high speeds is vibration, U=mr
In practice, unbalance is expressed in the unit g• mm. The larger unit
which in turn produces the associated problems of discomfort, noise and
g• cm is also widely used. (Note that unbalance is the product of mass
fatigue in anyone who has to work in the vicinity.
and length: this is quite different from torque which is the product of force
Balancing of rotating components (rotors) is the most fundamental and and length and whose units are N•m or kgf• m.)
effective process for minimizing vibration in machines, and thus is one of In practice, the effect of an unbalance requires closer consideration than
the most indispensable processes in manufacturing machinery. the amount of unbalance itself. Usually, a rotor having a large mass will
This technical guide explains balancing in terms of design, manufacturing not be influenced unduly by a relatively large unbalance.
and inspection of rotors. Therefore, it is convenient to use the ratio of the unbalance U to the rotor
mass M as a measure of indicating the quality of balance, independently
2.Definition of unbalance (balancing) of the mass of the rotor, as follows:
When a rotor is rotated, centrifugal forces are applied to all parts of the e=U/M=mr/M
rotor depending on the distribution of the rotor’s mass. If these forces are Here e is a vector having the dimensions of length, which is given in units
distributed symmetrically around the rotation axis then the forces act in of 1/1000mm (1µm) when m is expressed in g, r in mm and M in kg.
opposite directions and cancel each other out. Accordingly, no This quantity used to be called the ‘eccentric center of gravity’ since it
unbalanced forces act on the rotating axis and so the rotor will not vibrate coincides with the displacement (eccentricity) of the center of gravity of
its bearings. In this situation the rotor is said to be in a balanced state. the rotor. In the current JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) terminology, it
is called ‘specific unbalance’ because it indicates the ratio of unbalance
On the other hand, if the centrifugal forces are asymmetric, then the
to rotor mass. By using this quantity the quality of balance can be
difference between forces acts on the rotor and so the bearings will be
determined for any rotor, irrespective of its mass.
vibrated. The non-uniformity of mass distribution in a rotor, which causes
a difference of force, is called unbalance. In other words, unbalance is 6.Kinds of unbalance states
considered to be either extra mass or a shortage of mass on a perfectly The above-mentioned unbalance of a disk-shaped thin rotor is called
balanced rotor. static unbalance, because this kind of unbalance is detected by a static
method like rolling. A rotor in static unbalance can be balanced by
3.Cause of unbalance attaching one balance mass. Thus this kind of balancing is called single-
Unbalance occurs due to the following reasons. plane balancing.
● The shape of the rotor is unsymmetrical. A rotor which is long in the axial direction can be considered to consist of
●The shape of the surface portion of the rotor before machining is unsymmetrical. many thin disk-shaped rotors stacked together in the axial direction. Each
● Unsymmetricality exists due to a machining error. thin disk-shaped rotor would have its own unbalance in amount and
● The material is not uniform, especially in castings. direction. These multiple unbalances can be replaced by unbalances
● A deformation exists due to a distortion. on e
● An eccentricity exists due to a fitting error.
● An eccentricity exists in the inner ring of a bearing. e r
● A deformation exists due to a centrifugal force. M
● Non-uniformity exists in handling either keys or key seats.
● Non-uniformity exists in the mass of flange screws.
r
4.What is balancing? M m
Balancing means a process of restoring a rotor which has unbalance to a m

balanced state by adjusting the mass distribution of the rotor (the same
meaning as correction of unbalance). Fig. 2
Single plane balancing. This is applied to thin disk-shaped rotors.
4-1The necessity of balancing
Rotating a rotor which has unbalance causes the following problems.
● The whole machine vibrates. just two separate sectional planes of the rotor. This kind of unbalance is
● Noise occurs due to vibration of the whole machine. called dynamic unbalance. The rotor can be perfectly balanced by
● Bearing wear may shorten the life of the machine. balancing (i.e. correcting) the unbalances on the two planes. Therefore,
● The performance of a rotating machine deteriorates. these two planes are called correcting planes.
● The machine will fail in the worst case. The direction and amount of unbalance may vary for the same dynamic
● Passengers of a vehicle may feel discomfort. unbalance by changing the selection of correction planes.
Obtaining a balanced state using two planes as described above is called
4-2Vibration due to unbalance and method of balancing
two-plane balancing.
Assume that a mass of m [kg] is added to a balanced thin-disk rotor at a
U3 ’
distance of r [m] from its center. When the rotor is rotated at a speed of n B U2 ’ Ua
U2 Ub U3”
[min-1], the centrifugal force exerted on the rotor by this mass is U2” Ub
U1
P=mr ω 2 Ua U3
U1 ’ U1”
where ω represents the angular speed of rotation (ω=2πn/60) and P is A
)
a1
expressed in [N] (Newton). The centrifugal force P changes its direction (1-
Plane A Plane B
as the rotor rotates, which repeatedly acts on the bearing portion and so a1
causes vibration of the whole machine. Fig. 3
ω Unbalances U1, U2 and U3 distributed on a rotor which is long in the axial
P=m •r• ω2 direction can be substituted by two independent unbalance vectors Ua and
Ub on correction planes A and B respectively.
Fig. 1
m A disk rotor with a mass M has an Dynamic unbalance is divided into static unbalance and couple
r
unbalanced mass m at a distance r from
G its center. unbalance. Couple unbalance is a state where unbalances on the two
The mass m shifts the center of gravity of planes are the same in amount but opposite in direction to each other. It is
O e the rotor by an amount e, and results in an impossible to detect couple unbalance by the rolling method because
M
unbalanced centrifugal force P when the
couple unbalance is a state obtained as a result of balancing a dynamic
disk is rotated at an angular speed ω.
unbalance by the rolling method. In this balancing process, the amount
and direction of remaining couple unbalance may differ according to
The centrifugal force P can be canceled by adding another mass m' where the static unbalance is corrected. The remaining couple unbalance
directly opposite to m so that m' r' = mr. Of course, the same effect can generally becomes smaller when the static unbalance is corrected on the
be obtained by removing m instead of adding m'. plane including the center of gravity of the rotor.

31
 Fig. 4
Dynamic unbalances Ua and Ub on planes
A and B respectively can be resolved to one Us=Ua+Ub
static unbalance Us which is equal to Ua+Ub
and a couple unbalance M which is equal to
Ub(1-z)-Uaz on an arbitrary plane C. Ub
Ua

Ub
7.Relation between unbalance and Ua A rotor in which this deformation is negligible in practical use is called a
specific unbalance in two-plane rigid rotor, while a rotor in which this deformation cannot be ignored is
correction B called a flexible rotor. Therefore, a particular rotor can be a rigid rotor
The relationship between unbalance when the revolution speed is low, but may become a flexible rotor when
and specific unbalance for thin disk- A the revolution speed is increased.
shaped rotors is described above. Among the many rotating parts in automobiles the propeller shaft,
-Ub
Two-plane correction for rotors which especially one which includes two joints with long shafts, is generally
-Ua
are long in the axial direction is considered to be a flexible rotor.
handled in the following manner. z) The boundary speed which separates the rigid rotor and the flexible rotor
(1-
Unbalance is expressed as U = Me is called the critical speed. The critical speed literally means the rotational
where M is the mass of a rotor and e z speed at which the rotor becomes dangerous due to speed-induced
is its specific unbalance. This defines 1 uncontrolled unbalance. There is a succession of critical speeds: first
the relationship between unbalance order, second order, and so on, each one corresponding to a particular
and specific unbalance when only deformation mode.
one unbalanced mass in one plane exists. In two-plane balancing, Balancing of a flexible rotor requires elimination of speed-induced rotor
however, two unbalance masses exist, thus the unbalance has to be deformation. This means that more correction planes become necessary
distributed to each correction plane with a mass of U/2. Accordingly the in addition to the two basic correction planes. The number of additional
unbalance on the correction plane becomes eM/2. This is regarded as correction planes needed for eliminating deformation of a rotor is the
the relation between a half of the rotor mass M/2 and unbalance on the same as the order of the critical speed. That is, three correction planes
correction plane U', which is expressed as: are necessary for eliminating rotor deformation up to the first-order critical
U’=eM/2 speed, and four correction planes are necessary up to the second-order
The unbalances which are generally given on drawings and specifications critical speed. This kind of correction is called multi-plane balancing of a
usually mean this U' on the correction plane. Care should be taken when flexible rotor. The rotational speed in balancing a flexible rotor usually has
converting unbalance to specific unbalance as to whether it is a single-plane to be the speed at which the rotor is to be operated.
balancing or a two-plane balancing. U’=m/2•r The rotational speed for balancing a rigid rotor is arbitrary. Therefore, it is
not necessary to balance a rigid rotor at the actualoperating speed but
r the speed for balancing is selected by considering accuracy, economy
U’=m/2•r
and efficiency of the balancing process.
G
e 10.Balancing a rotor having restricted correction locations
r Crankshafts are balanced by drilling holes in counterbalancing lobes.
1
However, these do not exist everywhere on the circumferences. Thus if
an unbalance is present at an angle where a lobe does not exist, the
1
unbalance cannot readily be corrected. However, this kind of unbalance
can be corrected by providing auxiliary correction planes on to the rotor.
Fig. 5
Unbalance and specific unbalance in two-plane balancing A correction that uses such auxiliary correction planes is called multi-
plane balancing of a rigid rotor.
8.Kinds of balancing machines
Balancing is usually executed by either adding or removing a certain
It is impossible to measure dynamic unbalance by static methods such as
the rolling method because dynamic unbalance is composed of static -5 3
unbalance and couple unbalance which cannot be detected by the rolling
method. A balancing machine is therefore necessary which detects
centrifugal forces by rotating the rotor. This kind of balancing machine is 8
called a two-plane balancing machine or dynamic balancing machine
since it executes balancing on two correction planes.
Fig. 7 5 5
On the other hand, a balancing machine which measures only static Multi-plane balancing of a crankshaft by using an auxiliary correction plane
unbalance is called a single-plane balancing machine or static balancing
machine. A gravitational (non-rotating) balancing machine which mass at a certain angle and radius, which is called a polar coordinate
measures unbalance without rotating the rotor is occasionally used since correction. However, the angle for correction is restricted in rotors such
static unbalance can be measured by a static method such as the rolling as fans. In this case, the general method is to firstly select the direction
method where the rotor is not rotated. However, it is generally difficult to for correction and then to determine how much mass is to be added or
obtain sufficient sensitivity and accuracy by non-rotating methods, thus subtracted in that direction. This method is called components of a force
rotating methods are more widely used. This kind of balancing machine is correction or components correction.
also called a centrifugal (rotational) balancing machine. V
mv
m U U
9.Deformable rotors (flexible rotors) Uv
As described above, a perfectly balanced state is obtained by using
θ
single-plane balancing. However, if a balanced rotor is sliced H
Uh mh
perpendicular to the rotation axis, each sliced rotor having a disk shape
still contains unbalance in it. Therefore, when a rotor which has been
balanced by two-plane balancing is rotated, each disk-shaped rotor is (a) (b)
subject to respective centrifugal forces, which deform the rotor. This
#1
deformation of the rotor displaces the center of gravity of each thin disk- 0º
shaped rotor, which results in a change of unbalance. U
U1
U/2 U
U0 U #2 #5
U5

U
U/2 U240

-U 120º 240º
(c) #3 #4 (d)
Fig. 8
Fig. 6 -U An example of components of a force correction (components correction)
-U Multi-plane balancing of flexible rotors a) Polar coordinate correction b) 90-degree components of a force correction c)
Balancing up to the first-order mode is carried out on three correction planes. 120-degree components of a force correction d) Components of a force correction
Balancing up to the second-order mode is carried out on four correction planes. in five directions

32
 Balance quality of rotors
11.Accuracy of balancing Types of rotors 1 2 3 4
Balancing to the achievable limit is generally not only uneconomical but Mass center is located at the center of three sections yes yes — no
which are equally divided between bearings.
also technologically meaningless even if it is possible to measure very
small amounts of unbalance. Therefore, the most appropriate limit of Number of correction planes between bearings. 2 0 — —
balancing is assessed from an economical point of view, although this limit Distance between correction planes is larger yes yes no yes
than one third of that between bearings.
should be determined through experimental studies for each type of rotor.
Mass center is located at either of four central sections among
yes — — —
This limit is defined in JIS B 0905 as the balance quality of a rigid rotor. ten sections which are equally divided between correction planes.
As described above, specific unbalance (e [µm]) is used to express the
In case of rotor type 3 Correction plane 1 Correction plane 2
unbalance state of a rotor independently of its mass and shape. However,
above, the allowable
the effect of unbalance on the function of the rotor inevitably varies
unbalance is determined
according to its rotational speed. It is empirically known that the value of e
for each of static
which has the same degree of effect on the function is in inverse
unbalance and couple
proportion to the maximum working speed N [min-1] of the rotor, which
unbalance.
means that eN is a constant value. For this reason, JIS (ISO) defines the
Rotor type 1 has a Bearing (left) Bearing (right)
product of specific unbalance and rotational speed as the balance quality.
shape similar to a Range of location of mass center
The balance quality has the unit of [mm/s] because the speed and specific
certification rotor, rotor
unbalance are [rad/s] and [mm] respectively. The grade of the balance
type 2 similar to a wheel, and rotor type 3 similar to a thin disk.
quality is expressed by putting a letter G before a number which
represents eN. Note that the speed used in defining the balance quality is Balance quality of rigid rotors (JIS B 0905-1992)
not the speed for measuring unbalance. Unbalance of a rigid rotor does Balancing at an unnecessarily high accuracy is not only inefficient in
not necessarily have to be measured at its actual operating speed; operation but also does not further reduce vibration due to unbalance.
indeed, it is more economical to measure unbalance at a lower speed Therefore, an appropriate allowable unbalance has to be determined
where sufficient sensitivity and accuracy are obtained in the balancing according to the types of rotors and machines and their operating
machine. Refer to the graph showing allowable unbalance in the section conditions. "Rotating machines: balance quality of rigid rotors" defined in
"Balance quality of rotating machines". JIS B 0905 (ISO 1940) is useful for determining allowable unbalances.
The following explanation is in accordance with the above JIS.
The amount of unbalance is generally expressed in g•mm or g•cm. This
is occasionally expressed in grams at a certain radius. However, the
amount of unbalance itself is not sufficient as a parameter for evaluating
the quality of a rotor because the same amount of unbalance has
different effects on the rotor according to its size and actual operating
speed. For example, it may not be necessary to balance a rotor having a
mass of 100kg to the same g•mm of unbalance as a rotor having a mass
of 10kg. Also, it is clearly unnecessary to balance a rotor which is used at
a speed of 100 min-1 to the same accuracy as a rotor which is used at
1000 min-1. From this viewpoint, the balance quality defined in JIS has
an advantage that it can express the degree of unbalance irrespective of
both the size of the rotor and the rotating speed.

Balance quality
The JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) terminology (JIS B 0153-1985)
defines balance quality as an amount used for indicating the degree
of balance in rigid rotors which is the product of specific unbalance
and a certain designated angular speed.

Procedure of determining allowable unbalance

The following values regarding a rotor are necessary for determining
allowable unbalance:
● Maximum revolution speed at which the rotor is actually used nmax
● Mass of the rotor m
● Position of rotor bearings
● Position of correction planes
For a more detailed calculation, the following information is also
necessary.
● Position of the mass center (center of gravity) of the rotor
1.Set the grade of balance quality according to the type of the rotor. The
accuracy of balancing is higher with smaller value indicated in the
grade of balance quality. Special care has to be taken regarding grades
G1 and G0.4 as is described in the JIS text.
2.Find the allowable residual specific unbalance eper from the maximum
revolution speed at which the rotor is actually operated. This is
obtained either from the following equation or from the diagram given
in JIS:
Balance quality= e • ω

Balance quality =
e •n
9.55

33
3.Calculate the allowable residual unbalance from the allowable residual 100000
G
16
specific unbalance and mass of the rotor: 00
G
63
Allowable residual unbalance Uper = eperm (g • mm) 0
4.Allocate the allowable residual unbalance to unbalances on each actual
G
25
correction plane. The method of calculation for the allocation may differ 0
10000
according to the relationship between positions of bearings, positions of
correction planes, rotor mass and the position of the mass center.
G
10
0

1000

Allowable residual specific unbalance eper (µm)

G
40

G
16
100

G
6.
3

10
G
2.
5

G
1
1

G
0.
4

0.1

0.04
30 5 100 2 3 4 5 1000 2 3 4 5 10000 2 3 4 5 100000

Maximum revolution speed at which the rotor is actually operated n (min-1)

■Grade of balance quality recommended for various rotating machines (JIS B 0905-1992)
Grade of Upper limit of Examples of rotor types
balance balance quality
quality mm/s (Cpre✕ω)

G4000 4000 ● Rigidly supported crankshaft system4) of low speed marine diesel engines3) whose number of cylinders is an odd number

G1600 1600 ● Rigidly supported crankshaft system4) of large two-stroke cycle engines

G630 630 ● Rigidly supported crankshaft system4) of large four-cycle engines ● Flexibly supported crankshaft system4) of marine diesel engines3)

G250 250 ● Rigidly supported crankshaft system4) of high speed four-cylinder diesel engines3)

G100 100 ● Crankshaft system of high speed diesel engines3) with six cylinders or more ● Complete engines (either gasoline or diesel) for automobiles, trucks and railroad cars

G40 40 ● Wheels, rims, wheel sets and drive shafts for automobiles ● Flexibly supported crankshaft system4) of high speed four-cycle engines3) (either gasoline or diesel) with six cylinders
or more ● Crankshaft system4) for automobiles, trucks and railroad cars

G16 16 ● Drive shafts (propeller shafts and Cardan shafts) having specific requirements ● Parts of crushers ● Parts of farming machines
● Parts of engines (either gasoline or diesel) for automobiles, trucks and railroad cars/Crankshaft system 4) with six cylinders or more having specific requirements

G6.3 6.3 ● Machines for processing plants ● Turbine blades for main engines of merchant ships ● Drums for centrifugal separators ● Paper-making rolls and printing rolls ● Fans
● Completed gas turbine rotors for airplanes ● Flywheels ● Impellers of pumps ● Parts of machine tools and general machinery ● Medium- and large-sized armatures having no
specific requirements for electric motors with axial center height of 80mm or more ●Small-sized armatures (mainly mass-production type) either for use being insensitive to vibration
or for use with insulation against vibration ● Engine parts having specific requirements

G2.5 2.5 ● Gas turbines, steam turbines and main engine turbines for merchant ships ● Rigid rotors for turbo generators ● Storage drums and disk turbo compressors for computers
●Main spindles for machine tools ●Medium- and large-sized armatures having specific requirements ●Small-sized armatures (excluding those defined in G6.3 and G1) ●Turbine-driven pumps

G1 1 ● Rotating parts of tape recorders and acoustic appliances ● Grinding wheel spindles of grinding machines ● Small-sized armatures having specific requirements

G0.4 0.4 ● Grinding wheel spindles of precision grinding machines, grinding wheels and armatures ● Gyroscopes

Notes:
1) ω = 2πn/60 = n/9.55 where n is in rev/min and ω is in rad/s
2) Refer to the JIS text regarding the allocation of allowable residual unbalance to each correction plane.
3) This standard refers to engines whose piston speed is 9m/s or lower as low speed engines and refers to engines whose piston speed is higher than 9m/s as high speed
engines.
4) Crankshaft system includes the crankshaft itself, clutch, pulleys, dampers and connecting rods.
5) Regarding a completed engine, mass of its rotor means the total mass of all parts included in its crankshaft system.
[Remarks] Writing form of balance quality in drawings: G6.3: 300g•mm

34
 Mitutoyo Corporation
20-1, Sakado 1-Chome,
Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi,
Kanagawa 213-8533, Japan
T +81 (0) 44 813-8230
F +81 (0) 44 813-8231
http://www.mitutoyo.co.jp

Some products in this book may include material or technology specified in the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law. These products cannot be exported to outside Japan without the legally required export permit.

●Product appearance and specifications are subject to change without notice for the purpose of improvement. 102.000508 (1)CNE, printed in Japan
This book is printed on recycled paper.