EDITORIAL REVISION

March 2013

Process Industry Practices

Refractory

PIP RFSM1000
Monolithic Refractory Material Specification
 PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence
over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters
or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not
be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather
recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications
are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines
are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA
requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or
other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.
Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material
contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of

Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member
Companies and Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or
modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express
written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users may attach addenda or overlays to clearly
indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of PIP Practices. Authorized
Users may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the Practice
solely for Authorized Users’ purposes. These purposes include but are not limited to the
procurement process (e.g., as attachments to requests for quotation/ purchase orders or
requests for proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design engineering
deliverables for use on a specific project by Authorized User’s client. PIP’s copyright
notices must be clearly indicated and unequivocally incorporated in documents where an
Authorized User desires to provide any third party with copies of the Practice.

PUBLISHING HISTORY
July 2004 Issued
January 2013 Complete Revision
March 2013 Editorial Revision

Not printed with State funds

 EDITORIAL REVISION
March 2013

Process Industry Practices

Refractory

PIP RFSM1000
Monolithic Refractory Material Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................2
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Scope .................................................................................................................................. 2

2. References ........................................................................................................2
2.1 Industry Codes and Standards ............................................................................................ 2

3. Definitions .........................................................................................................3
4. Requirements....................................................................................................4
4.1 Data Submittals ................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Refractory Properties .......................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Storage .............................................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Shipping, Packaging, and Marking .................................................................................... 11

Appendix A
Monolithic Refractory Material Compliance Requirements ......................................................... 14

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1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides the requirements for certification and prequalification of
the refractory materials used to construct monolithic refractory linings in process
equipment and piping.
1.2 Scope
This Practice provides a basis for selection, purchase, and quality control of
refractory materials before installation.
This Practice describes the material property, testing, documentation, storage,
and shipping requirements for commercial refractory materials used to construct
monolithic refractory linings in process equipment and piping. These materials
can be installed by gunning, casting, pumping, or hand packing as specified.

2. References
Applicable parts of the following industry codes and standards shall be considered an
integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award shall be
used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate.

2.1 Industry Codes and Standards

 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
– ASTM C71 – Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
– ASTM C113 – Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory
Brick
– ASTM C133 – Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and
Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
– ASTM C134 – Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional
Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
Firebrick
– ASTM C179 – Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear
Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
– ASTM C201 – Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of
Refractories
– ASTM C417 – Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired
Monolithic Refractories
– ASTM C704 – Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of
Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
– ASTM C865 – Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete
Specimens
 American Petroleum Institute (API)
– API Standard 936 – Refractory Installation Quality Control – Inspection
and Testing Monolithic Refractory Linings and Materials

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3. Definitions
With the exception of the terms listed in this section, terms used in this Practice are
defined in accordance with ASTM C71 and API Standard 936 (Section 3 and
Appendix A). If a definition as used in this Practice differs from the one listed in the
referenced documents, the modified definition is included in the following listing:

abrasion resistant refractory: Refractory resistant to physical abrasion by impinging

particles (e.g., catalyst). Abrasion resistant refractory is classified on the basis of volume
loss (in accordance with ASTM C704-S1) as follows:

Mild Abrasion Resistant: greater than 8-15 cm3

Severe Abrasion Resistant: greater than 4-8 cm3
Extreme Abrasion Resistant: 4 cm3 or less

certification: Determination that a commercial refractory product meets all of the

requirements to be classified as a specific type of refractory in accordance with Appendix
A of this Practice

commercial refractory: Packaged and pre-blended refractory product offered with data
sheets, installation information, Material and Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and other
safety and handling information

compliance data sheet: Data sheet provided by the manufacturer listing property values
that the manufacturer certifies or guarantees to be met by each sample tested

critical service: Service in which the presence and proper functioning of the refractory is
vital to the continued operation of the process or the maintenance of safe working
conditions or environment

lot: Portions of a batch included in one order and shipped together

manufacturer: Party who formulates, blends, and packages the refractory material

material prequalification: Determination that the as-manufactured refractory material to

be shipped to the site meets all of the requirements for the specified type of refractory in
accordance with Appendix A of this Practice and the manufacturer’s compliance data
sheet or other values agreed with purchaser

monolithic refractory: A blend of aggregate and a bonding agent (e.g., cement) which
may be supplied in a dry form that, if mixed with water or other specified fluid, forms a
fluid mixture for installation at the site. Alternatively, refractory may be supplied in a
solid form as a pliable or plastic material. After curing and dryout, refractory forms a
solid lining conforming to the geometry of the lined item.

monolithic refractory lining: Refractory installed in place, forming a continuous, solid

lining of the desired shape and thickness, and placed over a surface for protection from
the surrounding atmosphere. The lining protects the surface from abrasion or acts as an
insulator, shielding the surface from excess heat or both.

noncritical service: Service in which the presence and proper functioning of the
refractory is not vital to the continued operation of the process or maintenance of safe
working conditions or environment

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normal duty: Service in which the primary property of interest for the refractory is
insulating or resistance to heat transfer. A limited amount of abrasion resistance may be
necessary, but severe physical abuse is not expected.

owner: Party who owns the facility wherein the refractory is to be used

purchaser: Party who awards the contract to the supplier. The purchaser may be the
owner or the owner’s authorized agent.

refractory: Material that is unresponsive to the surrounding environment. It is a blend of

aggregate and a bonding agent (e.g., cement). May be supplied in a dry form that, if
mixed with water or other specified fluid, forms a fluid mixture for installation at the site.
Alternatively, refractory may be supplied in a solid form as a pliable or plastic material.
After curing and dryout, refractory forms a solid lining conforming to the geometry of the
lined item.

severe duty: Service that is highly abrasive and/or an aggressive chemical environment

specimen: Individual piece of refractory to be tested. May be formed or cut to the

required size and shape.

supplier: Party responsible for providing the packaged refractory to the installation site.
The supplier may or may not be the same as the manufacturer.

4. Requirements
4.1 Data Submittals
4.1.1 Conflicts, Exceptions, and Deviations
4.1.1.1 All conflicts between the referenced documents and this Practice
shall be submitted in writing to the purchaser for clarification
and resolution before proceeding.
4.1.1.2 All exceptions, deviations, and substitutions to the requirements
of this Practice and in referenced documents shall be approved
by the purchaser.
4.1.2 Regulations and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
4.1.2.1 Refractory materials shall be in accordance with all applicable
federal, state, and local codes and regulations for storage,
handling, safety, and environmental requirements.
4.1.2.2 The latest issue of the applicable manufacturer’s MSDS shall be
provided for each product and to each installation site and
complied with during the installation of monolithic refractory
linings.
4.1.2.3 The MSDS shall include all hazards and cautions associated with
the handling, storage, and use of the product, and the appropriate
counter measures to be taken to prevent and react to any event of
personnel harm (short-term or long-term) that may occur.

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4.1.3 Material Properties Information

4.1.3.1 The latest issue of the applicable manufacturer’s catalog data
sheets and compliance data sheets shall be provided for each
product and to each installation site.
4.1.3.2 If alternate product property values are agreed with the
purchaser, the alternate values shall be shown on the compliance
data sheets.
4.1.3.3 Bulk green density values shall be provided for materials to be
installed by gunite. The density shall be determined from a
gunned sample.
4.1.3.4 The results of material prequalification testing shall be provided,
including the optimal water content if installation is to be by
casting. The test results shall be approved by the purchaser
before shipment of the product.
4.1.3.5 The presence of organic dryout fibers in any refractory product
shall be clearly and prominently indicated on the manufacturer’s
property data sheets and compliance data sheets.
4.1.4 Mixing and Placement Instructions
4.1.4.1 Complete, step-by-step, instructions shall be provided for mixing
all of the refractory components and water, including the optimal
total water content.
4.1.4.2 Special placement instructions and/or cautions beyond those
normally used for the chosen method of refractory placement
shall be provided.
4.1.5 Water Curves
4.1.5.1 Water curves shall be provided showing the effect of variations
in the water content of the refractory upon the as-installed
refractory properties.
4.1.5.2 The variations shall be both above and below the recommended
mixing water content for each material and method of
installation.
4.1.5.3 The range of water content shall be plus or minus 10 percent of
the optimal amount or an alternate range specified by the
manufacturer.
4.1.5.4 Properties at all water contents within the specified range shall
be in accordance with the requirements of Appendix A of this
Practice and the manufacturer’s compliance data sheets or other
values agreed with the purchaser.

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4.1.6 Curing and Heat Dryout Schedules

4.1.6.1 Recommended curing and heat dryout schedules for each
refractory material shall be provided.
4.1.6.2 For curing of hydraulic setting materials, the air-setting
procedure shall be provided, including the means of moisture
retention using curing compounds or other methods, temperature
limitations, and the required hold time at ambient temperature.
4.1.6.3 For curing of plastic materials, the air setting requirements (e.g.,
hold time and temperature), firing temperature, heat-up and cool-
down rates, and hold times shall be provided.
4.1.6.4 The manufacturer’s heat dryout schedule shall specify hold
temperatures (if required), minimum hold times, maximum
heating and cooling rates for each material and any other
requirements pertaining to the proper heat drying of the material.
If not provided by the manufacturer the heat dryout schedule
shall be in accordance with API Standard 936, Section 10.
4.2 Refractory Properties
4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 The monolithic refractory purchased for each installation site
shall be suitable for the intended service, of the type specified in
the contract documents (e.g., purchaser’s specifications and
drawings), and as defined in Appendix A of this Practice.
4.2.1.2 Refractory materials shall be formulated for, and appropriate for,
the method of installation specified in the contract documents.
These materials shall not be used with another method of
installation, unless approved by the purchaser.
4.2.1.3 Monolithic refractory materials shall not contain asbestos.
4.2.1.4 Monolithic refractory materials shall not contain Portland
cement.
4.2.1.5 Except for plastic refractories (see Type 10 in Appendix A of
this Practice), the as-shipped refractory shall not contain metal
reinforcing fibers.
Comment: Metal fibers shall only be added at the installation site
as a part of the pre-installation mixing process.
4.2.1.6 If metal fibers are required in plastic refractories (see Type 10 in
Appendix A of this Practice), the fibers shall be well distributed
throughout the as-shipped plastic refractory.
4.2.1.7 If approved by the purchaser, organic dryout fibers shall be
permitted for dense refractories (see Type 4 through Type 11 in
Appendix A of this Practice). The fibers shall be provided in the
as-shipped refractory, and the refractory containers shall be
clearly marked that organic fibers are included in the product.

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4.2.2 Certification
4.2.2.1 General
1. Refractory material shall be certified before being
considered for installation in any process equipment.
2. Certification shall include testing of refractory properties.
3. Testing methods and procedures, and the resultant property
values shall be in accordance with the requirements of
Appendix A of this Practice for the applicable monolithic
refractory type.
Comment: Adherence to technical data is not sufficient to
ensure adequate refractory performance in the
field. Technical data is a means of characterizing
a candidate material as being (or not being) a
reasonable choice for a given application. Use of
refractory materials with a successful record of
service in the same or very similar application
should be considered before making the selection.
4.2.2.2 Sampling
1. Samples shall be taken from randomly selected bags of
refractory material.
2. An entire, previously unopened bag of refractory material
shall be mixed for the preparation of specimens for testing.
Use of partial bags shall not be permitted.
4.2.2.3 Testing
1. The requirements of this section shall apply to the properties
listed on the manufacturer’s compliance data sheets to
evaluate candidate materials for a refractory type as defined
by Appendix A of this Practice.
2. The specimen requirements (i.e., preparation, number, and
shape) and testing for each property shall be in accordance
with the ASTM test procedure listed in Appendix A of this
Practice, modified by API Standard 936 as noted.
3. Special forming, curing, or other techniques to enhance the
test results shall not be permitted.
4. Testing shall include density, cold crushing strength, and
permanent linear change.
5. For materials intended for severe duty service, abrasion
resistance testing shall also be performed.
6. The average of the test result values for specimens making
up the sample shall be in accordance with the requirements
of Appendix A of this Practice or, if more stringent, the
manufacturer’s compliance data sheet.

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7. Specimen test results shall not be greater than 5 percent of

the limiting value beyond the limiting values (maximum
and/or minimum) given in Appendix A of this Practice or, if
more stringent, the manufacturer’s compliance data sheet.
8. The test result values for any specimen in the sample shall
not differ from the average of the sample by more than plus
or minus 20 percent of the average values.
9. The purchaser may require additional tests for thermal
conductivity, chemistry, etc., as necessary to determine that
the refractory material meets process requirements.
4.2.3 Material Prequalification
4.2.3.1 General
1. The requirements of this section shall be used for
prequalification of monolithic refractory material.
Comment: Prequalification testing is intended to determine
if the product has been properly manufactured
and can be expected to perform similarly to
previously manufactured product of the same
brand identification that has been certified for the
application.
2. Material prequalification testing shall include pre-shipment
testing by the manufacturer and retesting or requalification
before use, if required (see Sections 4.2.4.1 and 4.2.4.2).
3. Each lot, or portion thereof, to be shipped to the installation
site shall be certified to be in accordance with the required
test values before shipment from the manufacturer’s facility.
4. Samples shall be tested at the manufacturer’s facility or, if
specified by purchaser, at an independent laboratory
approved by purchaser.
5. If purchaser chooses to witness the testing, the purchaser
shall be notified of the time and place of the testing as
specified in the contract documents. Notice shall be given far
enough in advance of the testing so that the purchaser may
arrange to be present.
4.2.3.2 Sampling
1. The first pallet of each lot of each material shall be tested.
2. For severe duty services, samples shall be taken from every
pallet of refractory material.
3. For normal duty services, samples shall be taken from every
third pallet of each lot of refractory material.
4. For noncritical services, samples shall be taken from every
fifth pallet of each lot of refractory.

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5. All samples shall be taken from the material to be shipped,

i.e., they shall not come from a portion of the batch not
included in the shipment.
6. Bags shall be randomly taken from various locations on the
pallets, not just from the top.
7. An entire, previously unopened bag of refractory material
shall be mixed for the preparation of specimens for testing.
Use of partial bags shall not be permitted.
4.2.3.3 Testing
1. The specimen requirements (i.e., preparation, number, and
shape) and testing for each property shall be in accordance
with the ASTM test procedure listed in Appendix A of this
Practice, modified by API Standard 936 as noted.
2. Special forming, curing, or other techniques to enhance the
test results shall not be permitted.
3. Testing shall include density, cold crushing strength, and
permanent linear change.
4. For materials intended for severe duty service, abrasion
resistance testing shall also be performed.
5. The average of the test result values for specimens making
up the sample shall be in accordance with the requirements
of Appendix A of this Practice or, if more stringent, the
manufacturer’s compliance data sheet or other values agreed
with purchaser.
6. No specimen test results shall be greater than 5 percent of
the limiting value beyond the limiting values (maximum or
minimum) given in Appendix A of this Practice and, if more
stringent, the manufacturer’s compliance data sheet or other
value agreed upon with the purchaser.
7. The test result values for any specimen in the sample shall
not differ from the average of the sample by more than plus
or minus 20 percent of the average values.
8. The results of the material prequalification testing, including
the optimal water content if installation is to be by casting,
shall be provided to the purchaser. In addition to the test
results, the following information shall be provided:
a. Refractory product name and manufacturer
b. Batch number
c. Date of manufacture
d. Pallet number
e. Water content
f. Mixing time

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g. Date of testing
h. Name of the testing agency
4.2.4 Retesting
4.2.4.1 If the refractory material is not used within four months of the
date of its initial prequalification test, the material shall be
requalified/retested before it is used.
4.2.4.2 Material requalification/retesting shall also be performed if the
refractory material shows evidence of minor damage or
moisture, or if it has been exposed to excessive heat or cold.
4.2.4.3 Successful retesting qualifies the refractory material for an
additional three months.
4.2.4.4 Retesting shall be performed by a qualified laboratory approved
by the purchaser.
4.2.4.5 Retesting shall be completed far enough in advance of using the
refractory material to permit replacement of the material without
affecting the progress of the project.
4.2.4.6 The retest sampling, required tests, test procedures, and
acceptance criteria shall be the same as for the initial
prequalification testing, in accordance with Section 4.2.3.
4.2.4.7 The retest results shall not differ by greater than 20 percent from
the prequalification values.
4.2.4.8 If the retest samples do not pass the testing requirements, the
sampled lot shall be rejected and not used.
4.3 Storage
4.3.1 General
4.3.1.1 Refractory material shall be stored on an elevated, ventilated
platform, supported by a concrete slab or a compacted, durable
surface sloped to direct moisture away from the material.
4.3.1.2 Refractory material shall not be stored on grass, soil, or other
non-compacted surface, or any area where moisture can collect,
stand, or come into contact with the material.
4.3.2 Weather Protection
4.3.2.1 The stored refractory material shall be protected by a
weatherproof covering above and on all sides.
4.3.2.2 The covering shall be arranged so that moisture cannot come into
contact with the material or bags.
4.3.2.3 The covering shall be arranged so that moisture cannot pond or
collect and is directed away from the material.
4.3.2.4 Care shall be taken to avoid high humidity under the covering.

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4.3.3 Temperature
4.3.3.1 During storage, castable refractory material shall be maintained
at a temperature between 0°C (32F) and 38°C (100F).
4.3.3.2 During storage, plastic refractory material shall be maintained at
a temperature between 5°C (40ºF) and 30°C (90ºF).
4.3.3.3 For a minimum of 24 hours before use, refractory material shall
be maintained at a temperature between 10°C (50F) and 27°C
(80F).
4.3.4 Shelf Life
4.3.4.1 The acceptable shelf life (i.e., the maximum time between
manufacture and use) of the refractory material shall be clearly
specified by the manufacturer.
4.3.4.2 The shelf life for moldable plastic refractory material shall not be
greater than four months.
4.3.4.3 The shelf life for refractory materials other than that in Section
4.3.4.2 shall not be greater than 12 months.
4.3.5 Discarding Criteria
Refractory materials shall be discarded immediately if the following
apply:
a. Bags have been previously opened
b. Material has agglomeration or lumps that cannot easily be broken
down by hand (i.e., between the thumb and forefinger)
c. Material has become wet
d. Material is otherwise damaged
e. Material has exceeded its shelf life
4.4 Shipping, Packaging, and Marking
4.4.1 General
4.4.1.1 Refractory material shall be protected during shipment from
moisture exposure, heat or cold, or other factors that can affect
its properties or performance.
4.4.1.2 Refractory material shall be shipped by means that minimize
time in transit and in-transit storage.
4.4.1.3 Refractory materials shall be ordered to minimize the time
between manufacture and use.
4.4.1.4 If refractory material is taken from the existing stock, the
material shall be the most recently manufactured material.

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4.4.2 Packaging
4.4.2.1 Refractory material shall be shipped in polyethylene-lined bags,
pails, or boxes grouped on pallets.
4.4.2.2 Other shipping methods (e.g., super sacks) may be used if the
methods are in accordance with all requirements of this Practice
and other contract documents, are approved by the purchaser,
and a means of obtaining representative samples is used
including resealing of the container, if required.
4.4.2.3 The actual weight shall be within plus or minus two percent of
the nominal weight marked on each container.
4.4.2.4 Pallets shall contain 1800 Kg (4,000 pounds) or less of material.
4.4.2.5 Pallets shall not contain material from more than one batch and
date of manufacture.
4.4.2.6 The bags on each pallet shall be enclosed by plastic wrap.
4.4.2.7 The plastic wrap shall cover all sides of the shipment, including
the underside between the refractory material and the pallet.
4.4.2.8 The plastic wrap shall be completely sealed so that moisture
cannot enter or become trapped within the wrap.
4.4.2.9 A desiccant shall be provided on each pallet to prevent the
accumulation of moisture within the plastic wrap in the event of
condensation (e.g., because of a temperature decrease).
4.4.2.10 The plastic wrap shall not be removed, cut, or opened until the
refractory material is to be used.
4.4.2.11 If a bag is removed for sampling and testing, the plastic wrap
shall be immediately resealed.
4.4.3 Marking
4.4.3.1 The following information shall be included with each bag and
pallet of material:
a. Product brand name
b. Manufacturer’s name
c. Plant of manufacture
d. Shift
e. Manufacturing line (if more than one)
f. Batch identification
g. Date of manufacture
h. Presence of organic fibers, if applicable
4.4.3.2 Each bag of material shall show bag weight, mixing instructions,
the mixing water range, and any special cautions and/or
requirements for storage, handling, mixing, application, curing
heat drying, etc.

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4.4.3.3 Pallet numbering shall be as follows:

a. Pallets in each lot shall be identified by lot or order number.
b. Pallets of refractory material in each lot shall be numbered
consecutively, beginning with number one.
c. The total number of pallets in a lot shall be included in the
identifying number (e.g., 3 of 7).
4.4.3.4 Material identification signs shall be posted prominently on all
four sides of each pallet.

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Appendix A – Monolithic Refractory Material Compliance Requirements (Notes 1, 2, 3, 4)

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 3LI Type 4 Type 5 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 Type 9 Type 10 Type 11
Hydraulic/ Chemical
Hydraulic Chemical Setting
Specimen Light Weight Medium Moderate Mild Abrasion Chemically
Firing Ultra Light Extra Light Setting Setting Extreme
Properties Preparation Light Weight Insulating Medium Weight Weight Resistant Inert High
Temperature Weight Weight Severe Extreme Abrasion
(Note 5) Method Insulating Low Iron Weight Mild Abrasion Mild Abrasion Fused Density
(Note 6) Insulating Insulating Abrasion Abrasion Resistant
(Note 7) Resistant Resistant Silica (Note 9)
Resistant Resistant Plastic
Castable (Note 8)

720–960 960 – 1200 960 – 1200 1200 – 1600 1600 – 1840 1840 – 2240 1920 – 2160
Installed Density, Cast <720 (45) > 2240 (140) > 2400 (150) > 2560 (160) > 2720 (170)
o
815 C (45 – 60) (60 – 75) (60 – 75) (75 – 100) (100 – 115) (115 – 140) (120 – 135)
3 3
Kg/m (lbs/ft ) per o
(1500 F) 720 – 1040 1040 – 1280 1040 – 1280 1280 – 1600 1600 – 1920 1920 – 2240 2000 – 2240
ASTM C134 Gunned <720 (45) > 2240 (140) > 2400 (150) N/A > 2720 (170)
(45 – 65) (65 – 80) (65 – 80) (80 – 100) (100 – 120) (120 – 140) (125 – 140)

Cold Crushing
Strength, MPa
815°C 35 (5000) 35 (5000)
(psi) per o 0.7 (100) 1.1 (150) 3.5 (500) 3.5 (500) 3.5 (500) 35 (5000) 35 (5000) 70 (10000) 55 (8000) 55 (8000)
(1500 F) (Note 10)
ASTM C133
(Minimum)
Modulus of
Rupture, MPa
815°C
(psi) per N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7 (1000) 10 (1400) 7 (1000) 10.5 (1500) 14 (2000) 10 (1400) 7 (1000)
(1500oF)
ASTM C133
(Minimum)
Abrasion Loss
3
(cm ) per
ASTM C704 with 815°C 14
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 15 15 8 4 4 15
Supplementary (1500oF) (Note 10)
Requirements S1
(Maximum)
Permanent Linear
Change Range
815°C 0 to -0.5
(%) per 0 to -0.9 0 to -0.8 0 to -0.8 0 to -0.8 0 to -0.3 0 to -0.4 0 to -0.3 0 to -0.3 0 to -0.5 0 to -0.5 0 to -0.6
(1500oF) (Note 12)
ASTM C113
(Note 11)
Manufacturer's
Use Limit
980 (1800) 980 (1800) 1205 (2200) 1205 (2200) 1315 (2400) 1315 (2400) 1315 (2400) 1090 (2000) 1315 (2400) 1315 (2400) 1650 (3000) 1870 (3400)
Temperature, °C
(oF) (Minimum)
Thermal
Conductivity - Cast 0.17 (1.2) 0.20 (1.4) 0.26 (1.8) 0.26 (1.8) 0.40 (2.8) 0.65 (4.5) 1.08 (7.5) 0.94 (6.5) N/A N/A N/A N/A
W/m∙K
At 425°C
(Btu·in/h·ft2·oF)
(800oF)
per ASTM C201
(Note 13)
and C417, Gunned 0.22 (1.5) 0.29 (2.0) 0.35 (2.4) 0.35 (2.4) 0.45 (3.1) 0.69 (4.8) 1.08 (7.5) 0.94 (6.5) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Ascending
Curve (Maximum)
1.0 wt% 65 wt%
94 wt% Al2O3
Chemistry N/A N/A N/A Fe2O3 N/A N/A N/A SiO2 N/A N/A N/A
Minimum
Maximum Minimum

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PIP RFSM1000 EDITORIAL REVISION
Monolithic Refractory Material Specification March 2013

Appendix A – RFSM1000 (continued)

Monolithic Refractory Material Compliance Requirements

NOTES:
1. Data is for proprietary, commercial, preblended mixes only and is not applicable to field
mixes. Manufacturer’s requirements govern if they are more stringent than the requirements
in the Table.
2. Properties values are the averages of the number of samples in the test. Sample result shall
not be greater than 5 percent of the limiting value beyond the limiting value or range
specified.
3. N/A indicates that the property test is not applicable.
4. Samples for testing do not include metal reinforcing fibers.
5. All values are based upon the specified ASTM test, as modified by
API STANDARD 936.
6. Specimens are fired to the indicated temperature in accordance with ASTM C865, then cooled
and tested at room temperature.
7. All specimens shall be prepared by the same method to be used for field installation.
8. Values are based upon specimens prepared by ramming.
9. Type 11 is also known as tabular alumina castable.
10. For vibratory cast samples, cold crushing strength is 48 MPa (7,000 psi), and abrasion loss is
10 cm3.
11. The value shown is the total (i.e., green to fired) shrinkage.
12. Testing shall be in accordance with ASTM C179, as modified by
API STANDARD 936.
13. Test shall be conducted at the mean sample temperature shown.

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