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Geology: Geology Syllabus For UPSC Main Examination

The document outlines the syllabus for the Geology Main Examination for the UPSC exam in India. It covers topics in 6 areas: 1) General Geology, 2) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, 3) Structural Geology, 4) Paleontology, 5) Indian Stratigraphy, and 6) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology. The syllabus also includes two papers that cover additional topics in mineralogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, sedimentary petrology, economic geology, mining geology, geochemistry, and environmental geology. The syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and subject matter to be tested in the Geology Main Examination.

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Abinash Mohanty
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162 views3 pages

Geology: Geology Syllabus For UPSC Main Examination

The document outlines the syllabus for the Geology Main Examination for the UPSC exam in India. It covers topics in 6 areas: 1) General Geology, 2) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, 3) Structural Geology, 4) Paleontology, 5) Indian Stratigraphy, and 6) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology. The syllabus also includes two papers that cover additional topics in mineralogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, sedimentary petrology, economic geology, mining geology, geochemistry, and environmental geology. The syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and subject matter to be tested in the Geology Main Examination.

Uploaded by

Abinash Mohanty
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Geology

Geology Syllabus for UPSC Main Examination

Paper-I

1. General Geology: The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and interior of the earth and age of
earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, Volcanic belts; Earthquakes-causes, effects, Seismic
zones of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drifts; Seafloor
spreading, Plate tectonics; Isostasy.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing: Basic concepts of geomorphology; Weathering and


soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage; Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation;
Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of
geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; Hydrology and environmental studies;
Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent. Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and
limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum; Orbiting satellites and sensor systems; Indian
Remote Sensing Satellites; Satellites data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology;
The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) - its
applications.

3. Structural Geology: Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, Projection diagrams,
Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials;
Strain markers in deformed rocks; Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation
conditions; Folds and faults classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations,
lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Timerelationship between crystallization and
deformation.

4. Paleontology: Species- definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils; Modes of


preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation,
petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in
Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae; Siwalik fauna; Gondwana flora and fauna and its
importance; Index fossils and their significance.

5. Indian Stratigraphy: Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic,


biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships;
Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution
and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic

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importance; Major boundary problems- Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic,
Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography
and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past; Tectonic framework of
India; Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology: Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water;
Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity,
transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of
rocks; Ground-water chemistry; Salt water intrusion; Types of wells; Drainage basin
morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and
management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geolo-
gical investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction
material; Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures

Paper-II

1. Mineralogy: Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International


system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry;
Elements of X-ray crystallography. Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate
mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and
metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay
minerals. Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle,
double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2.Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology: Generation and crystallization of magmas;


Crystallization of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopside-wollastonite-silica systems;
Bowen?s Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentation and assimilation; Petrogenetic
significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks; Petro-graphy and petrogenesis of
granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline
rocks; Carbonatites; Deccan volcanic province. Types and agents of metamorphism;
Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule; Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF
and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks; Metamorphism of
arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism;
Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.

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3.Sedimentary Petrology: Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis
and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic rockstheir classification, petrography and depositional
environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance; Sedimentary structures and their
significance; Heavy minerals and their significance; Sedimentary basins of India.

4.Economic Geology: Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits;
Process of formation of minerals deposits; Controls of ore localization; Ore textures and
structu-res; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of
aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium
and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India; National Mineral Policy;
Conservation and utilization of mineral resources; Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.

5.Mining Geology: Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and


geobotanical; Techniques of sampling; Estimation of reserves or ore; Methods of exploration
and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones;
Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

6.Geochemistry and Environmental Geology: Cosmic abundance of elements; Composition of


the planets and meteorites; Structure and composition of Earth and distribution of elements;
Trace elements; Elements of crystal chemistrytypes of chemical bonds, coordination number;
Isomorphism and polymorphism; Elementary thermodynamics. Natural hazards-floods, mass
wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; Environmental impact
of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of
mine waste and fly ash; Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution; Environment
protection - legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact.

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