International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

ETP Training Series Industrial Water & Wastewater Management: Multi-disciplinary

Int’l Seminar & Workshop on
• Physics • Mechanical Design • Architecture
Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and
• Chemistry • Civil Engineering • INNOVATION
Wastewater: Investment and Operations
• Mathematics • Biology/Biochemistry • POSITIVE Approach
• Unit Operations • Management towards Pollution

Mohidus Samad Khan, PhD • Material Balance • Env. Sci & Eng Abatement
Program Manager, ESTex-BUET
and Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering, BUET Participants
Dhaka, Bangladesh

• Industrial Sectors: Textile, • Service Providers

Thursday, 19 October 2019
Power Plat, etc. • NGO
International Convention City Bashundhara,
• Associations • Academia
Kuril, Dhaka
• Health • Media
• Bank

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Understanding Water Quality: Chemical Parameters

Overview: • pH
• Dissolved Oxygen
•
•
Cadmium
Chlorine
•
•
Mercury
Nickel
• Biochemical Oxygen • Chromium • Nitrate
Sustainable Management Demand • Copper • Oil and Grease
• Chemical Oxygen Demand • Cyanide • Phenolic Compounds
of Industrial Water and • Ammonia (NH3) •
• Ammoniacal Nitrogen (as •
Fluoride
Iron
•
•
Dissolved Phosphorus
Radioactive Substance

Wastewater element N)
• Arsenic
•
•
Total Kjeldhl Nitrogen
Lead
•
•
Selenium
Zinc
• Boron • Manganese • Others

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 Environmental Sustainability in Textile Industries (ESTex) www.estexbd.com <<1>>
International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

Physical Biological Key Pollution Indicating Parameters

• pH: Treated Water; Equalization tank, Neutralization tank,
• Temperature • Coliform Bacteria- Total or Fecal: Coagulation, Flocculation, Biological Reactor
• Electrical Conductance (EC) (bacterial indicator of sanitary • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Treater Water; Equalization Tank,
• Total Solids (TS) quality of foods and water). Primary/Secondary Clarifier
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) • Total Bacteria • Total Suspended Solids (TSS): Treated Water; Equalization
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) • E. Coli tank, Primary/Secondary Clarifier
• Turbidity • Salmonella • Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD): Treated Water;
• Odour • Others Equalization tank, Primary/Secondary Clarifier, Biological Reactor
• Colour • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Treated Water;
• Taste Equalization tank, Primary/Secondary Clarifier, Biological Reactor
• Dissolved Oxygen: Treated Water
• Temperature: Treated Water, Equalization tank;
Primary/Secondary Clarifier, Biological Reactor
• Colour: Treated Water

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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Industrial Pollution Load Industrial Pollution Load cont’d

Pollution load varies from process to process:
Leather Cosmetics Confectionery Pulp and Paper Vitamins
Knit Dyeing Woven/Denim Denim Wash Penicillin Penem Oncology (Craft Process)
Dyeing
pH <6 6-8 <4.0 >8 6-8
pH 8-11 9-13 8-10 6-8 6-8 6-8
TDS (mg/l) 4500+ -- 800+ 4500+ 400+
TDS (mg/l) 400+ <5000 500-1000 400+ 400+ 400+
TSS (mg/l) 800+ -- 500+ 3500+ 150+
TSS (mg/l) 150+ <800 <300 150+ 150+ 150+
BOD (mg/l) 2250+ 3000+ 13000+ 1500+ 350+
BOD (mg/l) 600-800 <1500 <400 350+ 350+ 350+
COD (mg/l) 5000+ 15000+ 23000+ 4000+ 600+
COD (mg/l) 1400-1800 <3500 <1000 600+ 600+ 600+
Color (Pt-Co) -- -- -- 4000+ --
Color (mg/l) <1000 >100 <1000 -- -- --
Comment Heavy Metal Oil & Grease Organic Acid Black Liquor --
Comment -- Recalcitrant Stone Chips Presence of API

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

Bangladesh Legislation
The Bangladesh Environment
Conservation Act (1995) and Rules

Legislations (1997):

Red and Orange B Industries must

and have Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Standards Red and Orange B Industries must

treat and monitor the quality of
their Wastewater

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules (1997): US EPA/

Standards for Sector-wise Industrial Effluent or Emission International Standards Business Social
Responsibility (BSR)
Temperature (°C) > 37
Recent Guideline: pH 6.0-9.0
TSS (mg/L)  30.0
Zero Liquid Discharge
BOD5 (mg/L)  30.0
(ZLD) COD (mg/L)  200.0
Cadmium (mg/L)  0.01
Chromium (mg/L)  0.10
Cobalt (mg/L)  0.02
Lead (mg/L)  0.10
Mercury (mg/L)  0.01
Nickel (mg/L)  0.20
Zinc (mg/L)  1.00
Color (CO-PT)  150
Coliform (cfu/100ml)  400

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

ZDHC Wastewater Foundational Progressive Aspirational

Temperature (°C) ∆15/max 35
Guideline pH 6.0-9.0
∆10 or 30
6.0-9.0
∆5 or 25
6.0-9.0
TSS (mg/L)  50.0  15.0  05.0
BOD5 (mg/L)  30.0  15.0  05.0
COD (mg/L)  150.0  80.0  40.0
Cadmium (mg/L)
Chromium (mg/L)
 0.10
 0.05
 0.05
 0.005
 0.01
 0.001
Choosing Effluent
Cobalt (mg/L)
Lead (mg/L)
 0.05
 0.10
 0.02
 0.05
 0.01
 0.01
Treatment Plant
- Foundational: At a minimum, meets legal discharge requirements Mercury (mg/L)  0.01  0.005  0.001
and ensures effective control of ZDHC MRSL chemicals.
- Progressive: Demonstrates increasing knowledge of chemical Nickel (mg/L)  0.20  0.10  0.05
management and applies advanced wastewater treatment
processes. (January 2018 onward)
Zinc (mg/L)  5.00  1.00  0.50
- Aspirational: Demonstrates best-in-class performance and strives Color (m-1) 7;5;3 5;3;2 2;1;1
for continuous improvement in both chemicals and wastewater
treatment process knowledge; creates industry best practices. (by
(436; 525; 620 nm)
January 1, 2020) Coliform (cfu/100ml)  400  100  25

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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National or International Standards to

ETP Design and Operations
Comply with
• ETP often fails because of WRONG PROCESS design.
Effluent Volume • Electro-Mechanical Devices (pump, blower, etc) are very
important for ETP Operations.
Effluent Characteristics
• A low quality or wrong capacity pump or blower will make ETP
Future Expansion operation difficult for the ETP manager; however, equipment can
Available Land Area be replaced (which will cost money, time and man hour).
• Like Wrong Architecture of any Engineering Device or
Construction Budget
Construction, the effect of Wrong Process Design or Wrong
Affordable Running Costs Assumption of ETP is almost IRREVERSIBLE.

Appropriate Treatment Techniques • Therefore, the management and ETP designer MUST give the TOP
Priority to get the ETP PROCESS sequence and calculation RIGHT.
ETP Expert or Designer

In House Capacity (Staff, Technicians)

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

True Cost of Water: Water Footprint

• The water footprint is an indicator of (direct
or indirect) water consumed and/or polluted
by a consumer or producer. http://solaquagen.com

• The Water Footprint of a Product is the

Water Footprint volume of water
• consumed and/or
• polluted
to produce the product, measured over the
full supply chain.

https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i26/Cleaning-clothing-industry.html

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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Water Footprint Water Foot Print: BD Data (2016)

Whole footprint (sum) of
• Blue Water (surface/ground water) the process in its complete
Footprint: ..consumption of supply chain
Water Footprint = • T-shirt (250 g): 4510 L
groundwater by industry, domestic use Number of product
and agriculture... units • Shirt (150 g): 2194 L
• Single Bedsheet (500 g): 7312 L
• Green Water (rainwater stored in the
soil as soil moisture) Footprint:
• A Pair of Jeans (650 g): 9506 L
..consumption of rainwater by plants…..
• Grey Water Footprint: .. volume of • 1.74 million ton of fabric (year 2016)
polluted water that associates with the • Green Water Footprint: 10.87 million m3
production of all goods and services for • Blue Water Footprint: 7.88 million m3
the individual or community.
• Grey Water Footprint: 8.81 million m3

© Quantis, 2008-2011; www.quantis-intl.com © Quantis, 2008-2011; www.quantis-intl.com

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

Blue and Grey WFP of Textile Industries WFP in Different Stages in Textile Industry
Water footprint
Water Foot Print: Leather
Blue water footprint Grey water footprint Water footprint in spinning
in RMG 0.6%
100% 13.0%
Water footprint
in yarn dyeing
Water footprint
26.9%
50% in fabric
washing,
dyeing, Blue water footprint of crust leather
finishing Water footprint Grey water footprint of crust leather
0% 58.9% in fabric Blue water footprint Production of crust leather
manufacturing Grey water footprint Production of crust leather
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0.5%
10
300

Million m3
45000

Million m3
45000
Water Footprint in Textile Industry

Tonne
200
30000

Tonne
Before ZLD After ZLD 5 30000

1600 1347 15000 100

Litre/kg product

15000
1200
800 0 0 0 0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
400 132 165
37
0
Blue water footprint Grey water footprint
Hossain and Khan (2018), unpublished Khan et al (2019), unpublished
© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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ESTex-BUET
The Environmental Sustainability in Textile Industries program (ESTex) led by the
Department of Chemical Engineering, BUET serves national interest to help
government, local industries and associations to facilitate sustainable industrial
growth in textile sector. ESTex-BUET conducts research, arranges seminars,

ESTex-BUET: workshops, and training for local industries (management and operators),
chemical manufacturers, and suppliers.

A Knowledge Platform Scope:

• # Wastewater Management: Local Capacity Building and Promoting Innovation
• # Chemical Survey: Chemical Mapping
• # Organizing Workshops, Seminars and Training on Chemical Safety, Management
• # Sludge Characterization and Management: Sludge Mapping
• # Laboratory Analysis of Toxic and Restricted Substances in Chemicals: Capacity
Building of Local Laboratories

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

Knowledge Platform
• To Address: Lack of • To Help: Industries…
Knowledge • Interested to Install ETPs
• Pollution Load • ETP Under Construction
• Appropriate Technique • Non-functional ETP
• ETP Size and Cost • Window-dressing ETP
Recycle/
• Cost Reduction Options • Fully Operational ETP Zero Discharge
• Other Managing and Monitoring • ETP with Zero Discharge/Recycling
Issues Option

Treated Water

Effluent
Treatment Plant

Deep Tube Process Textile

well Water Dyeing/Washing
Solid
Sludge
Work on Industrial Waste Management:
Effluent Discharge Textile (Knit, Woven, Denim, Washing),
without Treatment Pharmaceutical, Food, Petrochemical, Leather
© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2018

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www.estexbd.com

Expert Panel:
Experts and Panelists

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

Panelists cont’d

Jim Silverman Mustafa A. K. Khan Nawshad Mustafa

Martin Kureck
Managing Director, Managing Director, Deputy General Manager,
Process & Field Service
Flagship Dhaka CETP (BD) Ltd FloWater Solutions Ltd SME&SPD,
Manager EMEA&I,
Bangladesh Bank
Koch Membrane Systems

Md. Asadul Haque Javed Bin Karim Md. Ashraful Kabir

Director, Dhaka Laboratory Senior Advisor Chief Engineer
Department of Environment, 2030 Water Resources Group. Bangladesh Export
Ministry of Environment & Processing Zones Authority
Forests. (BEPZA),
Prime Minister’s Office.

Md. Mamunul Huda Alessandro Monti Arch. Md. Ashraful Alum

Senior Adviser, SSREU Project, Head of Global Sales and Secretary,
GIZ Bangladesh Strategy, ZeeWeed Business RAiN Forum
Line @ SUEZ WTS

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Group Exercise:
Pollution Load Calculation
In Bangladesh there are about 1500
Textile Dyeing and Washing Factories.
End! It is assumed that:
Task: Calculate Annual Pollution Load
• On an Average each factory (washing/dyeing)
produces 1250 m3 wastewater per day Contributed by the Textile Dyeing and

Thanks!! • Wastewater Composition (average): Washing Factories in Bangladesh??!!

• TDS = 2500 mg/l (~g/m3) • Total wastewater discharged per
• TSS = 400 mg/l (~g/m3) year (in m3)
• BOD5 = 400 mg/l (~g/m3) • Total TDS, TSS, and BOD5
• COD = 1000 mg/l (~g/m3) produced per year (in tonne)
• Each factory runs 330 days/year (avg.) (assume 1 tonne = 1000 kg)

© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 © Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019

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International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations 19/10/2019

Group Exercise: Pollution Load Calculation Group Exercise: Pollution Load Calculation
Answers: Million tonne Equivalent
Total wastewater discharged per year per year: Number of 5
= 618.75 million m3/yr tonne trucks
(~700 cusec water flowrate)
Total TDS 1.54 M tonne/yr 3.08 lacs
(~50% of the water supplied by
Teesta Barrage for Irrigation) Total TSS 0.25 M tonne/yr 50 thousand

Total BOD5 0.25 M tonne/yr --

Teesta Barrage
Total COD 0.62 M tonne/yr --

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