AMID Nn Fast Service Since 1963 240 BRIGGS AVENUE, COSTA MESA, CALIFORNIA 92626 Tel: (714) 850-4660 Fax: (714) 850-1163 (413) FERRITE (413) 337-7483 DECEMBER 2001IRON POWDER CORES and MATERIALS There are tvo basic material groups of Iron Powders cores. The Carbonyl Irons and the Hydrogen Reduced Irons. ‘The Carbonyl Irons are especially noted for their excellent stability over a vide range of flux levels and temperatures. Their permeability range is from one to 35 mu they can offer excellent 'Q' factors up to more than 200 Miz. They are widely used for broadband inductors, especially in higher pover applications. ‘The Hydrogen Reduced Irons have higher permeabilities up to 90 mi. This group will have somevhat lover 'Q' and they are mainly used for EMI filters, low frequency chokes, and input and output filters for switched node pover supplies. Toroidal cores are self shielding and it is not necessary to isolate or shield a them to prevent cross talk or feedback. Each Iron Powder core an A, value listed in uh/100 turns and can be found elsewhere in this paper. Turns for a desired inductance may be calculated by using the given Ay, value and the forma below. Key to port umber -_6 -_50 Teroid ovierdiameter atefal MATERTAL #0 (u*l) Most comonly used for frequencies above 200 MHz. Available in toroidal form only. Inductance vs. turns may vary according to winding technique. MATERIAL #1 (u=20) A Carbonyl ‘C' material very similar to material #3 except that it has higher volune resistivity and better stability. Available in both toroidal form and shielded coil fora. MATERIAL #2 (u=10) A carbonyl 'E' iron powder material having high volune resistivity and offers high 'Q' for the 1 to 30 Miz. frequency range. Available in both toroidal and shielded coil forms. MATERIAL #3 (u=35) A carbonyl 'HP! material having excellent stability and good 'Q' for the lover frequencies from 50 Klz. to 500 Kliz. Available in toroidal and shielded coil forms. MATERIAL #6 (u=8) A carbonyl ‘SF! material very similar to #2 material but has ‘an improved 'Q' for frequencies 20 MHz to 50 Miiz. Available in toroidal core form and shielded coil fora. MATERIAL #10 (u=6) A powdered iron 'W' material. Offers good 'Q' and high stability for frequencies 40 Mhz to 100 Miz. Available in both toroidal form and shielded coil form. MATERIAL #12 (u=3) A Synthetic Oxide material which will provide good 'Q'and moderate stability for frequencies 50 Mhz to 100 Miz. Available in toroidal form only. ‘TERIAL #15 (u=25) A carbonyl 'GS6' material. Has excellent stability and good ‘A good choice for comercial broadcast frequencies where good 'Q' and stability are essential. Available in toroidal form only. MATERIAL #17 (u=3) This is a carbonyl material very similar to that of the of the #12 material. It has greater temperature stability but the cost of sonevhat lower “Q'. Available in all shielded coil forms. In the toroidal form, only sizes T-12 through 7-50 are available MATERIAL #26 (u=75) A Hydrogen Reduced material. Has highest permeability of all of the iron powder materials. Used for EMI filters and DC chokes. The #26 material is very similar to the older fl material but provides an extended frequency range. Available in all toroidal core sizes.IRON POWDER TOROIDAL CORES Physical Dimensions core outer Imar Haight ore Outer Tnmar Haight Mean Cross Size dian, dia, sie dian diam 1gth. sect Gia) Gin) Can) (in) (c=) (eat) Ra 050 Tso 0.73 ris ‘oo sr wie re ‘oro rit Yat ras “096 200 1s rw che 2000 za rn ma rms 130 ra a8 T2254 aa Eso “is 1300 Kat rae Br) roo Be ro “250 3-400 2.66 ra che T-t00a rs cary ia 1-500 sa6 Ay values (uh / 100 turns > or couplote part mssber, add Mix ruber to Core Size tumber, Core 26-Miz |S Mk AS Hk Lik MiG Hk IO Mix)? Mik OMX Sie Yel-wh Gay RW. Blan “Rad allow Black” © Gen-th Tan Vv fey Ge coe Wom kei Gea Gee: meek aot werd tod Bsns 22 S28, 1250 3250 Stoo B0-200" Sorat ei 0 oo ne wy 1.0 rie om & 5 a oR 8 B 0 ri m8 é 2 9 8 -B 10.0 Ts 00 7 oe oy 12.0 so os le 2 Ss 8 & 8 iso Eo ) 2 © % 3 as.0 ee, ete ws 2 2 19.0 rs moss wo 180 Te: oso m0 0 rer 4500 mss st 20 rs S00 e200 wo mS 20 ri 900 so Ms SS = rio 7s a0 0 m0 mo 96 m rise 70 an oo in i = Tis 100 ™ So kon = 1200-95 as me 0 000m ma E20 15500 nk pe re mo ras "3500 a = = i i om = Tsk 1600 mkt = 0s mom = Two “aso = = so mom = Tioo- 1600 ™ =m mom = ee = mS = Tvoni 26000 nk m= 38m mo a = mom = a ~ not available. Note: #12 material vill eventually be superseded by the #17 material.Iron Powder Toroidal Cores TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT CHARTS 40] | rowan coumciet cones —t IRON = POWDER MATERIAL vs, FREQUENCY RANGE Ql be sbtcned erie jo ofall rasan age when Sores ore cults, on ofc mates Bosyaney tance, ms er" can be achieved when hs ergo core = ae #15 (Rd & Wh) TS) 42 (ed) #17 (Blue & Yel.) #0 (Tan) F710 (ack) iCopper Wire Table Wire size Diameter Circular Turns per Turns Contineous Cont ineous ‘AWC in inches mil area linear inch per duty current duty, (amps) (enamel) sq.ca (amps) single conduit or in Wire,open air wire bundles 8 +1285 16510 B 46 10 2101910380, 13.8 55 B 2 0808 6530 a7 a 2B 4 0640 4107 3a 2 16 +0508 2583 61.2 2 8 0403 1624 79.1 16 2 0219 1022 124.0 u 2 20253, 642 186.0 m 0201 408 296.0 6 0159 254 465.0 cy 0126 160 728.0 0 0100 101 1085.0 2 0079 6 1628.0 4 0063 40 2480.0 6 0050 3 3876.0 8 0039 16 5736.0 40 +0031 10 1077.0 Iron Powder Core Size vs.Turns & Wire Size Approximate number of turns for a full single layer vinding Wire Sz. 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 2% 26 28 30 32 3% 36 38 40 Core\ No. m Uist em eh kt eo hea et oF Te 0 O 1113 3 5 8 MM 2 8 a9 6B T0020 1113 4 5 6 9 4 WB 33 4 56 2 Tm 1ii13g45 7 nis a 48 62 79 101 TO 113 457 nob a we 62 78 101 129 7 RA SY eG Ye ga ah wD 87 10 140 177 The 3 5 6 7 10 1S 20 oT 95 46 97 124 157 199 TO of SB LG tL ar is Oy 131 166 210 265 Te 7S) 1S sO aT OL 8 162 205 257 325 180 8 12:17:23 30 39 Sk 65108 219 276 347438 19% = 10:14 20-2735 5 5B 75 96123, 248 313 393. 496 TH106 10 14 20 27 35 45 5875 96123, 248 313 393 496 T1017 23-30 40 SL 66 83 107 197 173, 348 439 550 693, 1157 22 29 38 50 G4 82 104 132 168 213, 426 536 672 846 186 = 22-29-38 50 64 82 106 132 168 213, 426 536 672 846 7-200 31 41 S368 86 109 139 176 223 282 562 707 886 1115 1-225 36 46 60 77 98 123 156 198 250 317 631 793. 993. 1250 7-300 52 66 85 108 137 172 217 274 347 438 870 1093 1368 1721 7-400 61-79 100 127 161 202 255 322 407 S13 648 806 1018 1278 1543 2013 7-520 86 110 149 160 223 279 349 443 559 706 889 1105 1396 1753 2192 2758IRON POWDER TOROIDAL CORES weet CURVES. “Typlel eureseuig fom vatous windings on te sme cre wx = la 344 Test Cor: Bag, Yanan ~'36 210 a Bet 150-8 ae Fenaity 8 tH tf s me a Ly {i ke gr ae VLEET 2 EHH Hat |e © y 180 f - 1! 3B 264 wv Bitte oR te a so 8 3b ats 2 RS Ohiteiet es 2 Be EE — eas, gis ae at | a MIX=2 me MIX= 17 a. fe Blue & Yel [a eee Pemaisity-10 | Law Pee ee ee oe - a Siagennte oY Ome Ypres 2 Z i Beas a m ss o - 4 = ve ere re ee oe es te scala aAC LINE FILTERS and DC CHOKES (¢ 26 material) High 'Q' inductors are no longer required for energy storage applications, in fact low 'Q' actually helps damp high frequency oscillations. The #26 Iron Powder material is ideally suited for these applications since it combines low "Q!, good frequency response, and high energy capabilities. Energy storage , expressed in microjuoles, is calculated by multiplying one-half ‘the inductance ‘in uh times the current in amperes squared. The anount of energy that can be stored in a given inductor is limited either by saturation of the core material or temperature rise of the wound unit, resulting in copper loss and/or core loss. In typical DC chokes, the AC ripple flux is normally small in comparison to the DC component. Since the DC flux does not generate core loss, our primary concern becomes saturation and copper loss. The DC saturation characteristics of the #26 material are shown in Fig. A. In 60 Hz. line filter applications, the high frequency to be filtered falls into two categories: (1) Common-mode noise and (2) Differential-mode noise. The connon-node noise is in relation to earth ground and is comon to both Lines. Differential mode noise is the noise between the tvo lines. Tron Powder cores are not recomended for Conmon-mode noise filters. They are usually constructed on a high permeability FERRITE core with a bifilar winding. This allovs the 60 Hz. flux generated by each line to cancel within the cort ‘The Iron Powder 26 material is ideal for Differential-node filters, since the core must be able to support a significant amount of 60liz. flux without saturating. The AC saturation characteristics of the 26 material (Fig. B) and core loss information (Fig. C) can be seen below. Notice how the permeability initially increases with AC excitation. This effect allows greater energy storage in 60 Hz. applications. 4Iron Powder Toroidal Cores ‘AMPeRE~ TURNS) oc ENERGY STORAGE (V/2U) wre| arc] ore |we|we|ee AMPERE— TURNS. St) 1 moto muons] (10,000 0,000 0,000 (C ENERGY STORAGE = 1727? (rj) Es DC Choke Applications (single layer vinting) De Amps > 1 Amp 2 Amps Amps 6 haps 10 Amps 15 Amps 20 Aas 30 Aap Wire size> 28. ha AGG AAS Part /Mo aargt SMS uh 0 ah Bch 3h 6 ah 12 ah in tue 27"tumns 15 turns Titus “Sturn “S.turne “1 turn mae 2 Bee Ge 2h uh Luh 59h 36 uh 63 tums 37 tums 25 tums Titus 8'tums “G'tuns "5 turns 380 uh 100 ch 51.3 oh U2ch S.7oh 3 oh Lah ats 108 time 66 turns 45 turns 2"tune 1) turns 12 tung 8 tums 650 uh 220 uh 87.8 uh 20.0 uh 10.2 ch 5.3 ch 2.6 uh T9816 a3 tum 75 tums 52'tumns 2 'turne —20'turne 1h turns 10 turns 1660 uh 575 uh 231 uh 55.0 uh 28.0 uh 16.50 10.4 uh 7130-26 17} eure 107 ture 75 turns to'turns —30'turns 23" turns 17 turns 3200 uh 1100 uh 438 uh 106 uh 55.6uh aD uh 6. ah Tas-26 21s tame 122 tare 93 ture 50 ture $8 ture 29 turns 22 turns oe 3600 uh 1950 uh 788 ah 190 uh 99.6 uh 57.5 ch 29.3 ch = 213 turns 122 turns 93 turns SO turns $8\turne 29 turns 22 turns emsere 9600.0 2300 uh 938 uh 280uh Th 72.5 uh 40 uh S17 turns 198 tums 139 turns ‘Theume 60 turns M6 turns 36 tune 22.6 oh 7850 ub 3120 uh 760 uh 1B ch 250 ch 129. ah ‘Ts0ok-26" [35 turns 272 turns 190 ture 105 ture 2 ture 6) tume M4 turns e510 0h 17.5 ohh 7120 hh 1760 ch 95k th S50 uh 283 uh T-400A-26" Soy tums 317 tums 223 tame Tan eume 9§ tame 73 tums 57 ture No 4 Size not show on above curve chart. # Wire size based on Max. Toap. rise 400 C.Iron Powder Toroidal Cores AC Line Filters =f erskeaee f ee 5 al | se no" HOSE VN Wd! 0. AC Line Filter Applications (cingle layer vinding) ‘AC Amps > Amp 2 Amps Amps 6 Aas 10 Amps 15 Amps 20 dupe 30 Amps Wire size > 28.AW0 2h aS aE Part\/No 130 uh 50.0 uh 15 uh 6.7 uh 2.4 ah TST -208 UY tune 27"tume 15 ture 10 ture 6 ture 460 uy 150 ch 58.8 uh 26.1.uh 9.4 ah 150 “208 63 curs 37 turns 25 turns 17 tums 10 tune rao -26 © M00uh S50ch 213 Gh hab shh. ah 106 vurns 66 turns AS turns 30'tumns 18 tums ese -76 99.0 950uh 37S uh 156 uh 56.0 ah 43 tunce 75 turns 52 tum 33 tums 20'tums mie 7200 uh 2500 uh 1000 uhh uh 160 ah 73 turns 107 turns 75 tums $0 tums 30 tums qeis7 -1613:6.ah 4650 uh 1810 uh 806 uh 290 ah 213 turns 159 turns 93 tums 62 tums 37 turns eres -208 228-7750 uh 3130 sh 1390 uh 500 uh 213 tums 132 tums 93 tums 62 tums 37 turns 26 sh 9000 uh 3500 uh 1940 uh 700 oh T20s--26 Sy"tumns 198 tums 139 turns 110 tums 66 turns Shah 29h Deh HDG 7300K -264 43stumns 272 turns 190 turns 151 tune 93 tums 53 Woah GL ah 25.6 ah 14.2 wh 507 tums 317 tums 223 turns 176 turne 108 turns 83 turns Note: * Size not shown on above curve chart. * Wire size based on Max. Temp. rise 40? c.POWER CONSIDERATIONS | (1? ané Ferrite) How large a core is needed to handle a certain amount of power ? This is a question often asked, but unfortunately there is no simple answer. ‘There are several factors involved such as: cross sect. area, turns count, material, and of course the variables of applied voltage and operating frequency. Overheating of the coil will usually take place long before saturation in most ‘applications above 100 KHz. Now the question becomes ' How large a core must I have to prevent overheating at a given frequency and power level'? Operating frequency 1s one of the most important factors concerning pover capability above 1 Miz. A core working well at 2 MHz may burn up at 30 Miz. with the same drive. Overheating can be caused by both wire and core material losses. Wire heating is affected by both DC and AC currents, while core heating is affected only by the AC content of the signal. With a normal sinewave signal above 100 Kilz, both the Tron Powder and Ferrite type cores will first be affected by overheating caused by core losses, rather than by saturation. ‘The following extrapolated AC flux density limits can be used as guide-lines for BOTH the Iron Powder and Ferrite cores to avoid excessive heating. Figures may vary slightly according to material used. Frequency: 100 Kz = 1 Miz = 7 Mz «14 MH. 21 Miz (28 Mz. AC Flux Density: 500 gauss 150 gauss 57 gauss 42 gauss 36 gauss 30 gauss Iron Powder cores (low permeability) are superior to the Ferrite material cores for high power inductors for this reason: Fever turns will be required by the Ferrite type core for a given inductance. When the same voltage drop is applied across a decreased number of turns, the flux density will increase accordingly. To prevent the flux density fron increasing when fever turns are used, the flux drive will have to be decreased. Either core material can be used for transformer applications, but both will require ‘trade-offs’. Ferrite cores vill require fever turns and vill couple better, whereas the Iron Powder cores will require more turns and not couple as well but will tolerate more power and are more stable. The equation for Bag and a sample calculation are shown below: The sample calevlation is based on a frequency of 7 Miz, a peak voltage of 25 volts, a primary winding of 15 turns, and a cross-sect. area of 0.133 cm? (as per data sheet). From above guidelines, Bax at 7 Miz should be not more than 57 gauss, Ey = applied peak RNS volts fx 25x10 At = “Cross-sect. area (cn?) THANE CMxOMD 1x7 ON = number of wire turns f = frequency (MHz) fo ‘This hypothetical toroid core will have a flux density of 40 gauss. This is vell within the above guidelines to prevent overheating. Core saturation is affected by both AC and DC signals. Saturation will decrease the permeability of the core causing it to have impaired performance or to becone inoperative. The safe operating total flux density for most Ferrites is typically 2000 gauss, vhile the Iron Powders can tolerate up to 5000 gauss. Both wire heating and magnetic action within the core will contribute to the temperature rise of the coil. This can be calculated with the equation below: inmittwats |-® (en?) If the operating temperature (ambient temperature + temperature rise) exces 100°C when used intermittently, or more that 75°C if used continuously, @ lary size core or/and a heavier gauge vire should be selected. 9 Power diipa Soro Temperature rise °C =Iron Powder Materials SATURATION ond FLUX DENSITY Factors affecting pover capability vill vary vith operating conditions. Core losses are lover at low Frequencies and lov power levels, but increase rapidly as either 1s increased. ore losses can create overheating, vaich in turn vill affect the saturation point. Maximum flux density can be calculated with the Faraday Lav and Aaperes Lav, both of which are shown below: vs._AC Flux Density oe Figure BIron Powder Shielded Coil Forms Slug tuning L-33 Shielded Coil Form J Si niiature size vet | i Slug tuning Spacing ot | shies Copper shield con, tin plated fof thle Easy to wit oho wel Good 'Q Gg = +}. Frequency range: 0.2%0 200MHz2 °°, gf] Gop ~ Inductance range: 0210 3000h | is|_ pay ce Part Frequency | At (vh/100H)| L ratio Typical Winding _(mid-freq.) 8 an umber | range (MHz) | at max L |max to min| [Wire [Turns LGR) [Omox eat | os- 11] 7% | u7-t | [aaa] 75 [425 | 0

43° 61 6367 6B D5. r r size e850 u=125 u=250 ue40_u=20 ue2M —ueSK ur2MueIM USM To 78 40 396 900356 a a ke Ho ita ste0 7350 mM 12.0120 —2990—1080-— Mt — Nt 1:0 Hoo ats) 7 1170 3020 1060 NA 3020 WANA NA NA 3700 oe By Mo sito to tae Si78 Bio oe Mi 223—aFs ito — $a a Pe ih fe Fwd" imo 15.0 sho sito Maio eats 3130'S Magnetic Properties - Ferrite Materials Material > 43 —«6l_—=—iiTSsiBCSCS?SCTSSSCs7TSOdSD initial Perm. | 850] 125] 40] 40] 20] 2000] 5000 ] 2000] 3000 | sooo Max Perm. 3000 | 450] 125} 125 | 40 | 3500 } 8000 | 6000 | 4300 | 9500 2750 | 2350 | 1850 } 3000 | 2000 | 3500 } 3900 | 4600 | 4700 | 4300 Residual £1 density, gaus vod, Resist. 1x10 2108 Jax108 Jaxio? J1xt0 |ixio? |sx1o? Jix10? }ixi02 |rx10? 9; Sovett. | az | wast | tox | 13x | oor } .sor | 902 | oz | «ase | +z 20°70 deg. a ae lcurie Temp. c | 130 | 350 | 450] soo} 450] 150| 160} 200) 250} 140 1200 | 1200 | 750 | 1000 | 1000 | 1500 } 1250 | 1150 | 900.1 500 Resonane cir. |.01,t0}.2 20 |15 t0 |1o vo Jeo. to_|.oot- Joo. |.oo.- | .co1- |.oo1- Frog. Min” |°T"wie|ib it|23 Hie] QB S| o"Ray Tha} Sie] ve] vie| "9 ae wideband |.1 t0 fio to fos to |s0 20 | 200- |.5 to |.2 to 1.5 to |.5 to | 1 to Freq. Miz. * {50 MHz) 200 | 200 |°S00 | 1000 |30 MH }i5 Mitz|30 MH2|30 Miz/15 MHz, attenuation | z0- | 2o0- | soo- | a50- liooo- | 1.- | .s- Ja Ja.- | .5- FRotse, hie | S00 | Tooo | 2000 | T300 |'3000 | ‘sd | “to | 's0 | 50 | “fo % hased on lov power, saall core applications: Listed frequencies vill be lover with high power. 4FERRITE BEADS A Ferrite bead is a dovel-Like device which has a center hole and is composed of ferromagnetic material. When placed on to a current carrying conductor it will act as an RF choke. It offers a convenient, inexpensive, yet a very effective means of RF shielding, parasitic suppression and RF decoupling. ‘The most common noise generating suspects in high frequency circuits are power supply leads, ground leads and connections, and interstage connections. Adjacent leads and unshielded conductors can also provide a convenient path for the transfer of energy from one circuit to another. A few ferrite beads of the appropriate material placed on these leads can greatly reduce or completely eliminate the problem. Best of all, they can be added to most any existing electronic circuit. The amount of inpedance is a function of both the material and the frequency, well as the size of the bead. As the frequency increases, the permeability vill decline causing the losses to rise to a peak. With a rise in frequency the bead will present a series resistance with very little reactance. Since reactance is Jow there is little chance of resonance vhich could destroy the attenuation effect. Impedance is directly proportional to the length of the bead, therefore impedance will be additive as each similar bead is slipped onto the conductor. Since the magnetic field is totally contained within, it does not matter if the beads are touching or separated. Ferrite beads do not have to be grounded and ‘they cannot be detuned by external magnetic fields. We recommend the #73 or the (77 ferrite bead material for the attenuation of RFI resulting from transmissions in the anateur band. The #43 naterial vill provide best RFI attenuation from 30 to 400 Miz, and the #64 material is most effective above 400 Miz. The #75 material is recomended for RFI fron 1 to 20 Miz, but they can also be very effective even below the AM broadcast band. Ferrite beads are usually quite small and as a result only one pass, or a small nunber of turns are possible. On the other hand, a toroidal core usually has a much larger ID and will accept a greater number of turns. If a large amount of impedance is required the ferrite core can be used to advantage, since the impedance increases as to the number of turns squared. ‘The number of turns on a single hole Ferrite bead or a toroidal core is identified by the nunber of times the conductor passes through the center hole. To physically complete one turn it would be necessary to cause the wires to meet fon the outside of the device, however the bead or core does not care about the termination of each end of the wire and considers each pass through the center hole as one turn. (This does not apply to multihole beads) When winding a six-hole bead, the impedance depends upon the exact winding pattern, For instance, it ‘can be wound clock-wise or counter clock-wise progressively from hole to hole, or criss-crossed from side to side, or each turn can be completed around the outside of the bead. Each type of winding will produce very different results. The impedance figures for the six-hole bead in our chart is based on the current industry standard, which is two and one half turns threaded through the holes, criss-crossing from one side to the other. Tenpefature rise above the Curie point vill cause the bead to becone non- nagnetic, rendering it useless as a noise attenuating device. Depending on the aterial, Curie tenperature can run anywhere from 120°C to 500°C. See ‘Magnetic Properties’ chart for specific: ‘The #73 and #75 materials, as vell as other very high permeability materials are semi-conductive and care should be taken not to position the cores or beads in such a manner that they would be able to short uninsulated leads together, or to ground. Other lover permeability materials with higher resistivity are non- conductive and this precaution 1s not necessary. 5Ferrite Shielding Beads Dimensions inches) hy of Meteriale (sh/1000 turns) Tepedence 3 1D Bt Cae : “825 = ‘3600 2X-(43)-151 1.020.500 1.125. split bead, 43 mat, 20159 0 25 we. 22245 © 100 Mc 2x-(43)-251 +590 250 1,125 split bead, 43 mat, 2171 @ 25 Mix. 7-775 @ 100 Me. eter: Complete the part munber by adding eaterial mmber in space (--) provided. ‘h, values based on lov frequency measurements. (oh/2000 turns) = nanchenrias/tura? 9 aed on a eingle "U-turn! vinding. #% Based on 4 2 1/2 tum, side to side vinding. Type 1 ‘Type 2 a ‘Type 4 1) EG oro & : eee Material vs Frequency vs Impedance Impedance Factor: This chart 4s based ypon the "101" size bead. Iapedances for other size beads may be approxiaated as follows: Find the “2' of the sane material at your operating frequency in the chart beloy. Multiply that “Z’ by the Inpedance Factor show abore, Ref Bead 101 Size. ‘approx 2 (ches) 16Ferrites for RFI Ferrite toroidal cores, as well as beads, can be very useful in attenuation of unwanted RF signals but we do not claim them to be a cure-all for all RFI problems. There are different types of noise sources, each of which may require ‘a different approach. When dealing with any noise problem it is helpful to know the frequency of the interference. This is valuable when trying to determine the correct material as well as the maximum turns count. RFI emanating from such sources as computers, flashing signs, switching devices, diathermy machines, ete. are very rich in harmonics and can create noise in the high and very high frequency regions. For this type of interference, the #43 material is probably the best choice since it has very good attenuation in the 20 Miz to 400 Miz. region. Some noise problems may require additional filtering with hi-pass or lo-pass filters. If the noise is of the differential-mode type, fan AG line filter may be required. See section on AC line filters and DC chokes. In some cases the selected core will allow only one pass of the conductor, which is considered to be one turn. In other cases it may be possible to wind several turns on to the core. When installing additional cores on the sane conductor, impedance will be additive. When multiple turns are passed through a core, the impedance will increase in relation to the number of turns squared. Keep in mind that because of the wide overlap in frequency range of the various naterials, more than one material can provide acceptable results. Normally, the 43 material is recomended for frequency attenuation above 30 Miz., the 77, and "PY materials for the anateur band, and the 'J' or materials for everything lover than‘the anateur band. Computers are notorious for RF radiation, especially some of the older models which were made hen RFI requirements were quite minimal. RFI can radiate from inter-connecting cables, AC pover cords and even from the cabinet itself. ALL of these sources must be eliminated before complete satisfaction can be achieved. First, examine the computer cabinet to make sure that good shielding and grounding practices have been followed. If not, do what you can to correct it. Tf you suspect that RF is feeding back into the AC power system fron your computer, wrap the pover cord through an FT-240-77 toroidal core 6 to 9 times. This will act as an RF choke on the pover cord and should prevent RF from feeding back into the power system here it can affect other electronic devices. It is possible for an unvanted RF signal to enter a piece of equipment by more than one path, If so, ALL of these paths must be blocked before there will be noticeable effect. Don't overlook the fact that RFI may be entering the equipment by radiation directly from your antenna feed line due to high SWR. This, of course, can be checked with an SWR meter, and can be corrected by installing an antenna balun, or by placing a few ferrite beads, or sleeves, over the transmission line at the antenna feed point. This should prevent RF reflection back into the outside shield of the coax feed line, which could radiate RFI. Split bars are especially designed for computer flat ribbon cables. Two or more cores can placed on the same cable, in which case the impedance will be additive. See following page for more specific information. RPL in telephones can be substantially reduced with the insertion of an RF choke in each side of the talk circuit. Wind two FT-50A-75 cores with about 20 turns each of #26 enamelled wire. If possible, place one in each side of the talk circuit within the telephone base. If this is not possible, try mounting then in a small box with phone modular input and output jacks mounted in each end. This can now be used ‘in-line! between the phone and the wall jack. Similar results can be achieved by winding 6 to 9 turns of the telephone-to-vall cable through an FT-140-J ferrite toroidal core. v7FERRITE CORES FOR RFI SUPPRESSION Following is a list of a few of the larger Ferrite Beads (FB), Ferrite Toroidal Cores (FT), and Split Ferrite Cores (2X), all of which are extensively used for RIT probleas involving multiple wire bundles, coaxial cables, microphone cables, AC power cords, telephone cables, computer cables, etc. The 43 material is a good all around material for most RFI problens. Hovever the lover frequencies fron .5 to 10 Miz. can best be served with the 'J! or 75 material. The 77 material can provide excellent attenuation of RFI caused by anateur radio frequencies from 2 to 30 Miz. and the 43 material is best for everything above 30 Miz. hovever, it is still very effective across the entire amateur band but not quite as good as the 77 material. The 73 material is specifically a snall ferrite bead material having a permeability of 2500 and can provide RF attenuation very similar to the 77 ferrite core material. When a number cores are strung on the sane conductor, the total impedance will be the sum impedance of all cores. When a conductor is passed through the center hole of a toroidal core a number of times, the impedance will increase in proportion to the munber of turns squared. Split beads and bars (2X) are nov available and can be installed without removing the end connector from the cable. Split bars are especially designed for computer ribbon cables. They are presently available for 1.3", 2.0" and 2.5" computer ribbon cables. For greater attenuation use additional cores. Below are a few of the nost videly used cores for RFI, showing typical “Z* in ohs for one turn at 25 Miz and 100 Miz. Most sizes are available in 43, and 77 materials. Those sizes availabale in the J material are marked with * Part Adin. Baim. Cdim. 25 100 muaber (in) (in) (in) Mile Mite +500 312.250 below 10 Miz 300.312 500 5690 te te 500 312500 7h 60 = +870 .540 500 below 10 Miz a ii 0 2 FT-114-77 16142 750.295 3529 wea * FT-140-43 1.400.900 500,47 15 FI-160-77 1.400.900 5006250 * FI-193- J. 1,930 1.250.625 below 10 Miz % PT-240-43 2.400 1.400.500 58108, bed ¥T-240-77 2.400 1.400.500 7666 ‘2X-43-151 1.020.500 1.125159 a5, eo Fe-«3-1070 1.000.500 1.120 155235 FE-77-102%4 1.000 500 "825 166135 ¥BU-S621 1562 1250111251250 OY £250 ¥B-77-5621 562 11227025 ¥B-43-6301 375.194 «410558 ¥B-77-6301 375-194 «4107359 Lm 2X-43-651 for 1.3" ribbon cable 97 200 2X-43-951 for 2.0" ribbon cable 105 285, "ribbon cable 90 250-J desired L (mh) Turns = | 5 Teah7T000r * 1000 Physical Dimensions part munber Po-1107-77 PC-1408-7 PC-1811-77 PC-2213-77, PC-2616-77 PC-3019-77 PC-3622-77 part nunber PC-1107-77 PC-1408 77 PC-1811-77 PC-2213-77, PC-2616-77 PC-3019-77 PC-3622-77 Note: Pover ratings are conserative, based on 20 Kl. Ferrite POT Cores Ferrite Material #77, 2000 Permeability MAXIMUM TURNS: BOBBIN ve, WIRE SIZE (machine wound J ‘NOMBER OF TURNE (In millimeters) Pover Based Max Max Max Max Max Max Max A B ¢ D 11.10 9.20 4.60 2.10 14.05 11.80 5.90 3.10 18.00 15.25 7.45 3.10 21.60, 18.70 9.25, 4.55, 25.50 "21.60 11.30 5.55) 30.00 25.40 13.30 5.55 35.60 30.40 15.90 5.55, Magnetic Dimensions ie ay Ve AL. on? om = nh/1000-t. 15.9 15.9 252 1420 25.0 20.0 500 1960 43.0 25.9 1120 2880 63.0, 31.6, 2000. 3660, 93.0 37.2 3460 4700 136.0 45.0 6100 5900 202.0 53.0 10600 7680 1 witching frequency. 20 Kite watts watts watts watts vatts watts wattsFERRITE 'E' CORES TYPE 77 FERRITE MATERIAL permeability 2000 These cores ore ideally suited for low power applications up to 200 watts. A nylon bobbin is supplied for easy winding. lens y art E-Core Physical Dimensions (ints) a B c D g F « Power 760.318 187.225 093.192.8710 watts ican; Gah ea) tad fae. ct att EC ADCS, ORE 1.625.650 500.405.250.312 .500 100 watts 1,680 825.605.593.234 1375468200 watts E-Core Magnetic Properties Part No de i Ve A Ay ho x My Ay, value VV mot a? et nt mat ™ min/1000 turns 577-188 22.5 40.1 900 1050 55.7 1250 1290 wm, «86 40h emir 700s Sa 1520 E-17-375 90.3 68.8 ©6240. ~=-3630-151.0 13700 2540 E-77-500 160.0 76.7 «12300» S410——«163.0 26100 4090 E-77-625 184.0 98.0 180007550 «287.0 52900 5210 Wire size vs. Number of turns Part No. we 20 2 mM 5 we MR mh HR Vv. BA-77-188 2 «33 5079S 196 293439669 1046 1548 EA-77-250 Mo 629314732366 «5328141240 1938 EA-77-375 63 94 = 14923572582 8681302 1984 EA-77-500 50 141 212 335 328291236 1855 EA-77-625 159 250 375 5933914702191 20Switched Mode Power Supplies Guide to select the proper size ferrite core ‘Switching power supplies require the use of high permeability Ferrite type cores, rather than high permeability Iron Powder cores. High permeability Iron Powder cores will be to lossy. Toroidal cores may be used, hovever 'E' type cores are generally preferred because of greater winding ease. We stock both the Toroidal Ferrite cores and the 'B' cores in the #77 material, which is ideal for switching at frequencies of 20 Kliz or higher. ‘See other pages in this brochure on 'E' cores for size vs. power. The chart at the bottom of this page will provide data on an approximate size toroidal core to be used for a given anount of pover. core Size v: = Power Output F-24077 Pr-193-F Fr-19 Fr-140-77 FE-1S00-F Fr-1s0-F Fr-14-77 Power output (watts) (ort) adér a209 o3t208 Fr-874-77 Fr-ar-17 Frsi-77 3000 gauss 12000 gauss 1200 gauss 1700 gauss at 10 Mie at 20 Noe at 40 Wie ‘at 100 tz ‘Switching Frequency and Flux Density aBALUNS and WIDEBAND CORES The two-hole balun is commonly used for wideband transformers and impedance matching devices. The primary concern, when designing a videband transformer, is to extend the banddvidth with a minimin of loss. The limiting factors are inductive reactance and core loss. By vinding through both holes of the binocular type two hole balun, a higher inductance per turn can be obtained than vould otherwise be possible with a single hole core G15 ae tet tet = Dinensions in inches; value in Wh/1000 turns tased on hole to hole winding Pact No, DID Mgt Th Type Part No, oD 1D gt Th Type A, BN-49-202_ 525 180.380 .295 one 7880 196-038 .093 080 ore 100 1-15-2302 1196 [035 (093 080 one 680 ‘ago ‘070 ‘240 $160 ore 280 BY-A3-2402 “200 SOTO [240 :160 one 1277 1250 [080 te kao 12.765 -187 1.000 .375 one 5k00 250 050 two 310 705 1.130 1250 1:130 «380 ne 6000 135 1150 one 8300 BN-61-202 1525 "180 1580 295 one 42S 218 “010 one 3750 Ferrite Bobbin Cores Ferrite bobbins provide a convenient means of winding RP chokes. Because of their open magnetic path, they can handle more current than toroids of similar size. To aid in the design of such chokes, we have provided Ay values, a winding table, and anpere-turn ratings for each bobbin. . thy Winding table: runber of ts to completely fil bobbin, FEO HHS ee passe 2 aye : sabe ere 196" -_— oe oo" tag v oO wT 17" 750" soo" 20, c7 190, Inductance — wire turns wire sine | (max) Inductance wire turns wite size | (max) 2,5 mh 3 & 16 5.0 mh 358 2 ryFerrite Rods Part number Material Perme- Diameter Length Al value Ampere ability (in) (in) mb/1000 t turns R61-025-400 61 125 B40 6 110 161-033-400 61 125 am | ap 2. 185 R61-050-400___61 125, ina AL 43 575, R61-050-750 61 125 a ee 7) 260, R33-037-400 33 800 7 4.0 2 290 R33-050-200__33 200 2502.0 51 465, R33-050-400 33 800 “eo em 59 300 R33-050-750 33 800 a 8 70 200 FERRITE RODS are available in various sizes of both the #33 and #61 materials, vhich are standard stock items here at Amidon. The most common use of a ferrite rods is for antennas and choke applications. ANTENNAS: The #161 material rods are widely used for comercial AM radio antennas and on up to 10 Miz. ‘The #33 material rods are more suitable for the VLF frequency range. CHOKE APPLICATIONS; Both the #33 and the 61 material rods are extensively used in choke applications. The #33 material should be selected for the 40 ‘and 80 meter bands and the 61 material is most suitable for 10 through 40 meters. The #33 material rods are also often used in speaker cross-over networks. Due to the open magnetic structure of the rod configuration, considerable current can be tolerated before it will saturate. ‘There are several factors that have a direct bearing on the effective permeability of a ferrite rod, which in turn vill effect iiductance and 'Q!, as well as the Ay value of ‘the rod and its anpere-turns rating. These are! (1) Length to diameter ratio of the rod, (2) Placenent of the coil on the rod , (3) Spacing between turns and, (4) Air space between the coil and the rod. In some cases the effective permeability of the rod will be influenced more by a change in the length to diameter ratio than by a change in the initial permeability of the rod. At other times, just the reverse will be true. Greatest inductance and Ay value will be obtained when the winding is centered on the rod, rather than placed at either end. The best 'Q' will bbe obtained when the vinding covers the entire length of the rod. Because of all of the above various conditions it is very difficult to provide workable Ay, values, hovever we have attempted to provide a set of Ay, and NI values for various types of rods in our stock. These figures are based on a closely wound coil of #22 wire, placed in the center of the rod ‘and covering nearly the entire length. Keep in mind that there are many variables and that the inductance vill vary according to winding technique. 23