B.

E E&C SEVENTH SEMESTER SYLLABUS

MICROWAVES AND ANTENNAS

B.E., VII Semester, Electronics &Communication Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

Course Code 15EC71 IA Marks 20

Number of Lecture Hours/Week 04 Exam Marks 80

Total Number of Lecture Hours 50 (10 Hours / Module) Exam Hours 03

CREDITS – 04
Course objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Describe the microwave properties and its transmission media
• Describe microwave devices for several applications
• Understand the basics of antenna theory
• Select antennas for specific applications

Module-1
Microwave Tubes: Introduction, Reflex Klystron Oscillator, Mechanism of Oscillations,
Modes of Oscillations, Mode Curve (Qualitative Analysis only). (Text 1: 9.1, 9.2.2)
Microwave Transmission Lines: Microwave Frequencies, Microwave devices,
Microwave Systems, Transmission Line equations and solutions, Reflection Coefficient
and Transmission Coefficient, Standing Wave and Standing Wave Ratio, Smith Chart,
Single Stub matching. (Text 2: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.6 Except Double stub
matching) L1, L2

Module-2
Microwave Network theory: Symmetrical Z and Y-Parameters for Reciprocal Networks,
S matrix representation of Multi-Port Networks. (Text 1: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3)
Microwave Passive Devices: Coaxial Connectors and Adapters, Attenuators, Phase
Shifters, Waveguide Tees, Magic tees. (Text 1: 6.4.2, 6.4.14, 6.4.15, 6.4.16) L1, L2

Module-3
Strip Lines: Introduction, Micro Strip lines, Parallel Strip lines, Coplanar Strip lines,
Shielded Strip Lines. (Text 2: Chapter 11)
Antenna Basics: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters, Patterns, Beam Area,
Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity and Gain, Antenna Apertures, Effective
Height, Bandwidth, Radio Communication Link, Antenna Field Zones & Polarization.
(Text 3: 2.1- 2.11, 2.13,2.15) L1, L2, L3

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 Module-4
Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction, Point Sources, Power Patterns, Power
Theorem, Radiation Intensity, Field Patterns, Phase Patterns, Arrays of Two Isotropic
Point Sources, Pattern Multiplication, Linear Arrays of n Isotropic Point Sources of
equal Amplitude and Spacing.(Text 3: 5.1 – 5.10,5.13)
Electric Dipoles: Introduction, Short Electric Dipole, Fields of a Short Dipole (General
and Far Field Analyses), Radiation Resistance of a Short Dipole, Thin Linear Antenna
(Field Analyses), Radiation Resistances of Lambda/2 Antenna. (Text 3: 6.1 -6.6)
L1, L2, L3, L4

Module-5
Loop and Horn Antenna: Introduction, Small loop, Comparison of Far fields of Small
Loop and Short Dipole, The Loop Antenna General Case, Far field Patterns of Circular
Loop Antenna with Uniform Current, Radiation Resistance of Loops, Directivity of
Circular Loop Antennas with Uniform Current, Horn antennas Rectangular Horn
Antennas.(Text 3: 7.1-7.8, 7.19, 7.20)
Antenna Types: Helical Antenna, Helical Geometry, Practical Design Considerations of
Helical Antenna, Yagi-Uda array, Parabola General Properties, Log Periodic Antenna.
(Text 3: 8.3, 8.5, 8.8, 9.5, 11.7) L1, L2, L3

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to:
• Describe the use and advantages of microwave transmission
• Analyze various parameters related to microwave transmission lines and
waveguides
• Identify microwave devices for several applications
• Analyze various antenna parameters necessary for building an RF system
• Recommend various antenna configurations according to the applications

Text Books:
1. Microwave Engineering – Annapurna Das, Sisir K Das TMH Publication, 2nd,
2010.
2. Microwave Devices and circuits- Liao, Pearson Education.
3. Antennas and Wave Propagation, John D. Krauss, Ronald J Marhefka and
Ahmad S Khan,4th Special Indian Edition , McGraw- Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.,
2010.

Reference Books:
1. Microwave Engineering – David M Pozar, John Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3rdEdn,
2008.
2. Microwave Engineering – Sushrut Das, Oxford Higher Education, 2ndEdn, 2015.
3. Antennas and Wave Propagation – Harish and Sachidananda: Oxford University
Press, 2007.

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 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

Subject Code 15EC72 IA Marks 20

Number of Lecture 04 Exam Marks 80
Hours/Week
Total Number of 50 (10 Hours / Exam Hours 03
Lecture Hours Module)
CREDITS – 04
Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:
• Understand the fundamentals of digital image processing
• Understand the image transform used in digital image processing
• Understand the image enhancement techniques used in digital image processing
• Understand the image restoration techniques and methods used in digital image
processing
• Understand the Morphological Operations and Segmentation used in digital image
processing
Module-1 RBT Level
Digital Image Fundamentals: What is Digital Image Processing?, Origins L1, L2
of Digital Image Processing, Examples of fields that use DIP, Fundamental
Steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing
System, Elements of Visual Perception, Image Sensing and Acquisition,
Image Sampling and Quantization, Some Basic Relationships Between
Pixels, Linear and Nonlinear Operations.
[Text: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2: Sections 2.1 to 2.5, 2.6.2]
Module-2
Spatial Domain: Some Basic Intensity Transformation Functions, L1, L2,
Histogram Processing, Fundamentals of Spatial Filtering, Smoothing L3
Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters
Frequency Domain: Preliminary Concepts, The Discrete Fourier
Transform (DFT) of Two Variables, Properties of the 2-D DFT, Filtering in
the Frequency Domain, Image Smoothing and Image Sharpening Using
Frequency Domain Filters, Selective Filtering.
[Text: Chapter 3: Sections 3.2 to 3.6 and Chapter 4: Sections 4.2, 4.5 to
4.10]
Module-3
Restoration: Noise models, Restoration in the Presence of Noise Only L1, L2,
using Spatial Filtering and Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position- L3
Invariant Degradations, Estimating the Degradation Function, Inverse
Filtering, Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener) Filtering, Constrained
Least Squares Filtering.
[Text: Chapter 5: Sections 5.2, to 5.9]
Module-4

114
Color Image Processing: Color Fundamentals, Color Models, Pseudocolor L1, L2,
Image Processing. L3
Wavelets: Background, Multiresolution Expansions.
Morphological Image Processing: Preliminaries, Erosion and Dilation,
Opening and Closing, The Hit-or-Miss Transforms, Some Basic
Morphological Algorithms.
[Text: Chapter 6: Sections 6.1 to 6.3, Chapter 7: Sections 7.1 and 7.2,
Chapter 9: Sections 9.1 to 9.5]
Module-5
Segmentation: Point, Line, and Edge Detection, Thresholding, Region- L1, L2,
Based Segmentation, Segmentation Using Morphological Watersheds. L3
Representation and Description: Representation, Boundary descriptors.
[Text: Chapter 10: Sections 10.2, to 10.5 and Chapter 11: Sections 11.1
and 11.2]
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course students should be able to:
• Understand image formation and the role human visual system plays in
perception of gray and color image data.
• Apply image processing techniques in both the spatial and frequency (Fourier)
domains.
• Design image analysis techniques in the form of image segmentation and to
evaluate the Methodologies for segmentation.
• Conduct independent study and analysis of Image Enhancement techniques.
Question paper pattern:
• The question paper will have ten questions.
• Each full question consists of 16 marks.
• There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of Three sub questions) from each
module.
• Each full question will have sub questions covering all the topics under a module.
The students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from
each module.

Text Book:
Digital Image Processing- Rafel C Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, PHI 3rd
Edition 2010.
Reference Books:
1. Digital Image Processing- S.Jayaraman, S.Esakkirajan, T.Veerakumar, Tata
McGraw Hill 2014.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing-A. K. Jain, Pearson 2004.

115
 POWER ELECTRONICS
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
POWER ELECTRONICS
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Scheme]
Course Code 15EC73 IA Marks 20
Number of Lecture 04 Exam Marks 80
Hours/Week
Total Number of 50 (10 Hours / Module) Exam Hours 03
Lecture Hours
CREDITS – 04
Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Understand the construction and working of various power devices.
• Study and analysis of thyristor circuits with different triggering conditions.
• Learn the applications of power devices in controlled rectifiers, converters and
inverters.
• Study of power electronics circuits under various load conditions.
Module-1
Introduction - Applications of Power Electronics, Power Semiconductor Devices, Control
Characteristics of Power Devices, types of Power Electronic Circuits, Peripheral Effects.
Power Transistors: Power BJTs: Steady state characteristics. Power MOSFETs: device
operation, switching characteristics, IGBTs: device operation, output and transfer
characteristics, di/dt and dv/dt limitations. (Text 1) L1, L2
Module-2
Thyristors - Introduction, Principle of Operation of SCR, Static Anode-Cathode
Characteristics of SCR, Two transisitor model of SCR, Gate Characteristics of SCR,
Turn-ON Methods, Turn-OFF Mechanism, Turn-OFF Methods: Natural and Forced
Commutation – Class A and Class B types, Gate Trigger Circuit: Resistance Firing
Circuit, Resistance capacitance firing circuit, UJT Firing Circuit. (Text 2) L1, L2, L3
Module-3
Controlled Rectifiers - Introduction, Principle of Phase-Controlled Converter Operation,
Single-Phase Full Converter with RL Load, Single-Phase Dual Converters, Single-Phase
Semi Converter with RL load.
AC Voltage Controllers - Introduction, Principles of ON-OFF Control, Principle of Phase
Control, Single phase controllers with resistive and inductive loads. (Text 1) L1, L2,
L3
Module-4
DC-DC Converters - Introduction, principle of step-down operation and it’s analysis
with RL load, principle of step-up operation, Step-up converter with a resistive load,
Performance parameters, Converter classification, Switching mode regulators: Buck
regulator, Boost regulator, Buck-Boost Regulators, Chopper circuit design. (Text 1)
L1, L2
Module-5
Pulse Width Modulated Inverters- Introduction, principle of operation, performance
parameters, Single phase bridge inverters, voltage control of single phase inverters,
current source inverters, Variable DC-link inverter, Boost inverter, Inverter circuit
design.
Static Switches: Introduction, Single phase AC switches, DC Switches, Solid state
116
relays, Microelectronic relays. (Text 1) L1, L2
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course students should be able to:
• Describe the characteristics of different power devices and identify the various
applications associated with it.
• Illustrate the working of power circuit as DC-DC converter.
• Illustrate the operation of inverter circuit and static switches.
• Determine the output response of a thyristor circuit with various triggering options.
• Determine the response of controlled rectifier with resistive and inductive loads.

Evaluation of Internal Assessment Marks:

It is suggested that at least 4 experiments of Power Electronics to be conducted by the
students. This activity can be considered for the evaluation of 05 marks out of 20
Internal Assessment (IA) Marks, reserved for the other activities.
Text Books:
1. Mohammad H Rashid, Power Electronics, Circuits, Devices and Applications,
3rd/4th Edition, Pearson Education Inc, 2014, ISBN: 978-93-325-1844-5.
2. M.D Singh and K B Khanchandani, Power Electronics, 2nd Edition, Tata Mc-Graw
Hill, 2009, ISBN: 0070583897
Reference Books:
1. L. Umanand, Power Electronics, Essentials and Applications, John Wiley India
Pvt. Ltd, 2009.
2. Dr. P. S. Bimbhra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 2012.
3. P.C. Sen, “Modern Power Electronics”, S Chand & Co New Delhi, 2005.
4. Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonbaugh, Steve Jost, Pattern Recognition and Image
Analysis, ePub eBook.

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering/
Telecommunication Engineering
[As per Choice Based credit System (CBCS) Scheme

Subject Code 15EC741 IA Marks 20

Number of Lecture 03 Exam Marks 80
Hours/Week
Total Number of 40 (08 Hours / Exam Hours 03
Lecture Hours Module)
CREDITS – 03
Course objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Gain fundamental knowledge in understanding the basics of different multimedia
networks and applications.
• Understand digitization principle techniques required to analyze different media
types.
• Analyze compression techniques required to compress text and image and gain
knowledge of DMS.
• Analyze compression techniques required to compress audio and video.
• Gain fundamental knowledge about multimedia communication across different
networks.
117
 Module-1 RBT Level
Multimedia Communications: Introduction, Multimedia information L1, L2
representation, multimedia networks, multimedia applications, Application
and networking terminology. (Chap 1 of Text 1)
Module-2
Information Representation: Introduction, Digitization principles, Text, L1, L2
Images, Audio and Video (Chap 2 of Text 1)
Module-3
Text and image compression: Introduction, Compression principles, text L1, L2, L3
compression, image Compression. (Chap 3 of Text 1)

Distributed multimedia systems: Introduction, main Features of a DMS,

Resource management of DMS, Networking, Multimedia operating systems
(Chap. 4 - Sections 4.1 to 4.5 of Text 2).
Module-4
Audio and video compression: Introduction, Audio compression, video L1, L2, L3
compression, video compression principles, video compression. (Chap. 4 of
Text 1).
Module-5
Multimedia Communication Across Networks: Packet audio/video in the L1, L2
network environment, Video transport across generic networks,
Multimedia Transport across ATM Networks (Chap. 6 - Sections 6.1, 6.2,
6.3 of Text 2).
Course Outcomes: After studying this course, students will be able to:
• Understand basics of different multimedia networks and applications.
• Understand different compression techniques to compress audio and video.
• Describe multimedia Communication across Networks.
• Analyse different media types to represent them in digital form.
• Compress different types of text and images using different compression
techniques and analyse DMS.
•
Question paper pattern:
• The question paper will have ten questions.
• Each full question consists of 16 marks.
• There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of Three sub questions) from each
module.
• Each full question will have sub questions covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from
each module.

Text Books:
1. Fred Halsall, “Multimedia Communications”, Pearson education, 2001 ISBN -
9788131709948.

2. K. R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, “Multimedia

Communication Systems”, Pearson education, 2004. ISBN -9788120321458

118
 IoT & WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering
/Telecommunication Engineering

[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

Subject Code 15EC752 IA Marks 20

Number of Lecture 03 Exam Marks 80
Hours/Week
Total Number of 40 (8 Hours / Module) Exam Hours 03
Lecture Hours
CREDITS – 03
Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Understand various sources of IoT & M2M communication protocols.
• Describe Cloud computing and design principles of IoT.
• Become aware of MQTT clients, MQTT server and its programming.
• Understand the architecture and design principles of WSNs.
• Enrich the knowledge about MAC and routing protocols in
WSNs.
Module-1 RBT Level
Overview of Internet of Things: IoT Conceptual Framework, IoT L1, L2
Architectural View, Technology Behind IoT, Sources of IoT,M2M
communication, Examples of IoT. Modified OSI Model for the IoT/M2M
Systems, data enrichment, data consolidation and device management at
IoT/M2M Gateway, web communication protocols used by connected
IoT/M2M devices, Message communication protocols (CoAP-SMS, CoAP-
MQ, MQTT,XMPP) for IoT/M2M devices.

Module-2
Architecture and Design Principles for IoT: Internet connectivity, L1, L2
Internet-based communication,IPv4, IPv6,6LoWPAN protocol, IP Addressing
in the IoT, Application layer protocols: HTTP, HTTPS,FTP,TELNET and
ports.

Data Collection, Storage and Computing using a Cloud Platform:

Introduction, Cloud computing paradigm for data collection, storage and
computing, Cloud service models, IoT Cloud- based data collection, storage
and computing services using Nimbits.

Module-3

131
Prototyping and Designing Software for IoT Applications: Introduction, L1, L2, L3
Prototyping Embedded device software, Programming Embedded Device
Arduino Platform using IDE, Reading data from sensors and devices,
Devices, Gateways, Internet and Web/Cloud services software
development.

Programming MQTT clients and MQTT server. Introduction to IoT privacy

and security. Vulnerabilities, security requirements and threat analysis,
IoT Security Tomography and layered attacker model.

Module-4
Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks: L1, L2, L3
Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling Technologies for
Wireless Sensor Networks.

Architectures: Single-Node Architecture - Hardware Components, Energy

Consumption of Sensor Nodes, Operating Systems and Execution
Environments, Network Architecture-Sensor Network Scenarios,
Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit, Design principles for WSNs,
Service interfaces of WSNs Gateway Concepts.

Module-5
Communication Protocols: L1, L2, L3
Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations, MAC Protocols for
Wireless Sensor Networks, Low Duty Cycle Protocols And Wakeup
Concepts - S-MAC , The Mediation Device Protocol, Wakeup Radio
Concepts, Contention based protocols(CSMA,PAMAS), Schedule based
protocols (LEACH, SMACS, TRAMA) Address and Name Management in
WSNs, Assignment of MAC Addresses, Routing Protocols- Energy-Efficient
Routing, Geographic Routing, Hierarchical networks by clustering.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to:
• Describe the OSI Model for the IoT/M2M Systems.
• Understand the architecture and design principles for IoT.
• Learn the programming for IoT Applications.
• Identify the communication protocols which best suits the WSNs.
Question paper pattern:
• The question paper will have ten questions.
• Each full Question consisting of 16 marks.
• There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of Three sub questions) from each
module.
• Each full question will have sub questions covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from
each module.

132
Text Books:

1. Raj Kamal, ”Internet of Things-Architecture and design principles”, McGraw Hill

Education.
2. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, "Protocols And Architectures for Wireless Sensor
Networks" , John Wiley, 2005.
3. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks- An Information
Processing Approach", Elsevier, 2007.

Reference Books:

1. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks-
Technology, Protocols, And Applications”, John Wiley, 2007.
2. Anna Hac, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley, 2003.

133
 ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
Subject Code 15ECL76 IA Marks 20
Number of Lecture 01Hr Tutorial (Instructions) Exam Marks 80
Hours/Week + 02 Hours Laboratory = 03

RBT Levels L1, L2, L3 Exam Hours 03

CREDITS – 02
Course objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Design and demonstrate the digital modulation techniques
• Demonstrate and measure the wave propagation in microstrip antennas
• Characteristics of microstrip devices and measurement of its parameters.
• Model an optical communication system and study its characteristics.
• Simulate the digital communication concepts and compute and display various
parameters along with plots/figures.

Laboratory Experiments
PART-A: Following Experiments No. 1 to 4 has to be performed using discrete
components.

1. Time Division Multiplexing and Demultiplexing of two bandlimited signals.

2. ASK generation and detection

3. FSK generation and detection

4. PSK generation and detection

5. Measurement of frequency, guide wavelength, power, VSWR and attenuation in

microwave test bench.

6. Measurement of directivity and gain of microstrip dipole and Yagi antennas.

7. Determination of

a. Coupling and isolation characteristics of microstrip directional coupler.

b. Resonance characteristics of microstrip ring resonator and computation of

dielectric constant of the substrate.

c. Power division and isolation of microstrip power divider.

8. Measurement of propagation loss, bending loss and numerical aperture of an

optical fiber.

140
 PART-B: Simulation Experiments using SCILAB/MATLAB/Simulink or LabView
1. Simulate NRZ, RZ, half-sinusoid and raised cosine pulses and generate eye
diagram for binary polar signaling.

2. Simulate the Pulse code modulation and demodulation system and display the
waveforms.

3. Simulate the QPSK transmitter and receiver. Plot the signals and its constellation
diagram.

4. Test the performance of a binary differential phase shift keying system by

simulating the non-coherent detection of binary DPSK.

Course outcomes: On the completion of this laboratory course, the students will be
able to:
• Determine the characteristics and response of microwave devices and optical
waveguide.
• Determine the characteristics of microstrip antennas and devices and compute
the parameters associated with it.
• Simulate the digital modulation schemes with the display of waveforms and
computation of performance parameters.
• Design and test the digital modulation circuits/systems and display the
waveforms.
Conduct of Practical Examination:
• All laboratory experiments are to be considered for practical examination.
• For examination one question from PART-A and one question from PART-B or only
one question from PART-B experiments based on the complexity, to be set.
• Students are allowed to pick one experiment from the lot.
• Strictly follow the instructions as printed on the cover page of answer script for
breakup of marks.
• Change of experiment is allowed only once and Marks allotted to the procedure part
to be made zero.

141
 VLSI LAB
B.E., VII Semester, Electronics & Communication Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

Subject Code 15ECL77 IA Marks 20

Number of Lecture 01Hr Tutorial (Instructions) Exam Marks 80
Hours/Week + 02 Hours Laboratory = 03
RBT Levels L1, L2, L3 Exam Hours 03

CREDITS – 02
Course objectives: This course will enable students to:
• Explore the CAD tool and understand the flow of the Full Custom IC design cycle.
• Learn DRC, LVS and Parasitic Extraction of the various designs.
• Design and simulate the various basic CMOS analog circuits and use them in higher
circuits like data converters using design abstraction concepts.
• Design and simulate the various basic CMOS digital circuits and use them in higher
circuits like adders and shift registers using design abstraction concepts.

Experiments can be conducted using any of the following or equivalent design

tools: Cadence/Synopsis/Mentor Graphics/Microwind
Laboratory Experiments
PART - A
ASIC-DIGITAL DESIGN
1. Write Verilog Code for the following circuits and their Test Bench for
verification, observe the waveform and synthesize the code with technological
library with given constraints*. Do the initial timing verification with gate level
simulation.
i. An inverter
ii. A Buffer
iii. Transmission Gate
iv. Basic/universal gates
v. Flip flop -RS, D, JK, MS, T
vi. Serial & Parallel adder
vii. 4-bit counter [Synchronous and Asynchronous counter]
viii. Successive approximation register [SAR]

142
 PART - B
ANALOG DESIGN
1. Design an Inverter with given specifications**, completing the design flow
mentioned below:
a. Draw the schematic and verify the following
i) DC Analysis
ii) Transient Analysis
b. Draw the Layout and verify the DRC, ERC
c. Check for LVS
d. Extract RC and back annotate the same and verify the Design
e. Verify & Optimize for Time, Power and Area to the given constraint*
2. Design the (i) Common source and Common Drain amplifier and (ii) A Single
Stage differential amplifier, with given specifications**, completing the
design flow mentioned below:
a. Draw the schematic and verify the following
i) DC Analysis
ii) AC Analysis
iii) Transient Analysis
b. Draw the Layout and verify the DRC, ERC
c. Check for LVS
d. Extract RC and back annotate the same and verify the Design.

3. Design an op-amp with given specification** using given differential amplifier

Common source and Common Drain amplifier in library*** and completing the
design flow mentioned below:
a. Draw the schematic and verify the following
i) DC Analysis
ii). AC Analysis
iii) Transient Analysis
b. Draw the Layout and verify the DRC, ERC
c. Check for LVS
d. Extract RC and back annotate the same and verify the Design.

4. Design a 4 bit R-2R based DAC for the given specification and completing the
design flow mentioned using given op-amp in the library***.
a. Draw the schematic and verify the following
i) DC Analysis
ii) AC Analysis
iii) Transient Analysis
b. Draw the Layout and verify the DRC, ERC

143
 5. For the SAR based ADC mentioned in the figure below draw the mixed signal
schematic and verify the functionality by completing ASIC Design FLOW.
[Specifications to GDS-II]

* An appropriate constraint should be given.

** Appropriate specification should be given.
*** Applicable Library should be added & information should be given to the
Designer.
Course outcomes: On the completion of this laboratory course, the students will be
able to:
• Write test bench to simulate various digital circuits.
• Interpret concepts of DC Analysis, AC Analysis and Transient Analysis in analog
circuits.
• Design and simulate basic CMOS circuits like inverter, common source amplifier and
differential amplifiers.
• Use basic amplifiers and further design higher level circuits like operational amplifier
and analog/digital converters to meet desired parameters.
• Use transistors to design gates and further using gates realize shift registers and
adders to meet desired parameters.

Conduct of Practical Examination:

• All laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
• For examination, one question from PART-A and one question from PART-B to
be set.
• Students are allowed to pick one experiment from the lot.
• Change of experiment is allowed only once and Marks allotted to the procedure
part to be made zero.

144