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This document contains the table of contents for a thesis that analyzes partial shading effects on different photovoltaic array configurations. It includes chapters that provide background on photovoltaic cells and partial shading, describe the simulation of a 4x4 PV array in MATLAB/Simulink under 5 shading patterns, and present the results on shading loss, mismatch loss, and fill factor for each configuration. The abstract indicates that the Total-Cross-Tied configuration performed best with the least reductions in power from shading. Mismatch loss was highest for the series topology under a corner triangular shading pattern. Fill factors ranged from a low of 0.66 for the series configuration to a high of 0.71

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16 views

Lift of Content

This document contains the table of contents for a thesis that analyzes partial shading effects on different photovoltaic array configurations. It includes chapters that provide background on photovoltaic cells and partial shading, describe the simulation of a 4x4 PV array in MATLAB/Simulink under 5 shading patterns, and present the results on shading loss, mismatch loss, and fill factor for each configuration. The abstract indicates that the Total-Cross-Tied configuration performed best with the least reductions in power from shading. Mismatch loss was highest for the series topology under a corner triangular shading pattern. Fill factors ranged from a low of 0.66 for the series configuration to a high of 0.71

Uploaded by

NAVEEN ROY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIFT OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
No.

CERTIFICATE

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

DECLARATION

AFFIDAVIT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Motivation

1.3 Thesis Objective

1.4 Thesis Organisation

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Review on photovoltaic cell

2.2 Review on solar irradiation

2.3 Review on partial shading


CHAPTER 3: PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

3.1 Background of PV system

3.2 Basic theory of Diode

3.3 Basic theory of photovoltaic cell

3.4 Mathematical model of photovoltaic cell

3.5 Relation among PV cell , Module and Array

3.6 Theory of I-V , P-V curve

3.7 P-V module performance parameter

3.8 P-V module under partial shading condition

CHAPTER 4: SIMULATION OF PV ARRAY IN VARYING SHADING


CONDITIONS

4.1 Module Specifications

4.2 Analysis of partial shading conditions

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Shading loss

6.2 Mismatch loss

6.3 Fill factor

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES
LIST OF TABLE
Table No. Table Title Page No.

Table 5.1 Simulation results of five shading cases

Table 5.2 Sum of individual maximum powers of modules

Table 5.3 Shading losses

Table 5.4 Mismatch loss

Table 5.5 Fill factor


LIST OF FIGURE
Figure No. Figure Title Page No.

Fig 1.1 Annual Solar Energy Market

Fig.3.1 n-type semiconductor

Fig 3.2 p-type semiconductor

Fig 3.3 p-n Diode

Fig.3.4 Photovoltaic cell

Fig 3.5 Equivalent circuit of a solar cell

Fig 3.6 PV cell, array, module

Fig 3.7 I-V curve of PV cell and equivalent circuit diagram

Fig .3.8(a) I-V, P-V curve with uniform irradiance

Fig 3.8(b) I-V curve for different irradiations

Fig 3.8(c) P-V curve for different irradiations

Fig.3.9 Maximum power from an I-V curve

Fig 3.10 Fill factor from I-V characteristic

Fig 3.11 PV array under partial shading

Fig 3.12 I-V and P-V characteristics (non-linear )

Fig 4.1 PV simulator Parameters of module in simulink

Fig 4.2 Parameters of diode

Fig 4.3 MATLAB/Simulink model

Fig 4.4 Series(S) configuration PV array of model in


MATLAB/Simulink

Fig 4.5 Series-Parallel (S-P) configuration PV array of model in


MATLAB/simulink

Fig 4.6 Total Cross Tied (T-C-T) configuration PV array of model in


MATLAB/simulink
Fig 4.7 Bridge -Linked (B-L) configuration PV array of model in
MATLAB/simulink

Fig 4.8 Honey -Comb (H-C) configuration PV array of model in


MATLAB/Simulink

Fig 4.9 Column Shading pattern- case 1

Fig 4.10 Diagonal shading pattern- case 2

Fig 4.11 Center shading pattern –case 3

Fig 4.12 Random shading pattern-case4

Fig 4.13 Corner triangular shading pattern –case 5

Fig. 5.1 Case1 series configuration

Fig. 5.2 Case 2 series configuration

Fig. 5.3 Case 3 series configuration

Fig. 5.4 Case 4 series configuration

Fig. 5.5 Case 5 series configuration

Fig. 5.6 Case 1 series parallel configuration

Fig. 5.7 Case 1 series parallel configuration

Fig. 5.8 Case 3 series parallel configuration

Fig. 5.9 Case 4 SP configuration

Fig. 5.10 Case 5 SP configuration

Fig. 5.11 Case 1 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.12 Case 2 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.13 Case 3 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.14 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.15 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.16 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.17 Case 4 T-C-T configuration


Fig. 5.18 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.19 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.20 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.21 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.22 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.23 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.24 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig. 5.25 Case 4 T-C-T configuration

Fig 5.26 Shading and mismatch loss for PV Array

Fig 5.27 Mismatch losses (%)

Fig 5.28 Fill factor


ABSTRACT

Conventional energy sources are diminishing day by day and energy demand is
increasing with rapid growth in industries. Therefore there is call for utilizing renewable energy
sources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy etc. among various sources
conversion if solar energy into electricity is emerging as popular form of renewable energy.
Photovoltaic cells convert incident sunlight into electricity directly.

Partial shading occurs on photovoltaic (PV) system due to passing clouds,


trees,buildings,dust particles etc. Shading causes substantial reduction in power generation .In
this thesis PV array configuration scheme is proposed.Five different photovoltaic array
configuration schemes: Series(S), Series-Parallel(S-P), Total-Cross-Tied(T-C-T), Bridge-
Linked(B-L), and Honey-Comb(H-C), are carried out using 4×4 photovoltaic array under five
different shading pattern cases .Solar irradiance values taken are 1000 W/m2,800 W/m2 and 400
W/m2 under STC 250 C.
A bypass diode is connected in antiparallel to each module to protect against phenomena of hot
spot. A blocking diode is connected in series. Simulations of all shading cases are implemented
using MATLAB/Simulink R2018b software

In general, the obtained maximum power results under all partial shading cases show that
Total-Cross-Tied (T-C-T) configuration has the best performance according to other
configurations. Among different shading cases, column shading (case 1) has highest shading loss
(308.8W). Mismatch loss is highest for series (S) topology for case 5 type of shading (44.23%).
For case1,SP,TCT,BL,HC configuration have nearly same value Fill factor, that is 0.71,highest
value. Series (S) configuration fill factor is 0.66.Lowest fill factor is shown by series–parallel (S-
P) topology in case 4 shading pattern.

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