A

Micro Project On
‘‘Wireless Communication’’
Submitted By
Mahajan Rakesh Kailas

Under guidance of

Prof. M.R.Shirsath

Department of Computer Engineering

Sau. Shantidevi Chavan Institute of polytechnic
Bhoras, Chalisgaon,424101
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mahajan Rakesh Kailas has successfully

completed the micro project on Wireless Communication under my
supervision in the partially fulfilment of Diploma of Engineering
(Computer) of Sau. Shantidevi Chavan Institute of Polytechnic,
Bhoras.

Date:

Place:

Prof.M.R.Shirsath Prof. Y.K.Pardeshi (HOD)

Project guide. Department of Computer

Prof. Dipak Patil

Principal of

Sau. Shantidevi Chavan Institute of Polytechnic, Bhoras

 INDEX

Sr No Content
1 Introduction
2 Types of Wireless Communication
3 Advantages
4 Disadvantages
5 Reference
 INTRODUCTION
Wireless Communication is the fastest growing and most vibrant
technological areas in the communication field. Wireless
Communication is a method of transmitting information from one
point to other, without using any connection like wires, cables or
any physical medium.Generally, in a communication system,
information is transmitted from transmitter to receiver that are
placed over a limited distance. With the help of Wireless
Communication, the transmitter and receiver can be placed
anywhere between few meters (like a T.V. Remote Control) to few
thousand kilometres (Satellite Communication).

We live in a World of communication and Wireless

Communication, in particular is a key part of our lives. Some of
the commonly used Wireless Communication Systems in our day
– to – day life are: Mobile Phones, GPS Receivers, Remote
Controls, Bluetooth Audio and Wi-Fi etc.

The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th

century and wireless communication technology has developed
over the subsequent years. It is one of the most important
mediums of transmission of information from one device to other
devices. In this technology, the information can be transmitted
through the air without requiring any cable or wires or other
electronic conductors, by using electromagnetic waves like IR, RF,
satellite, etc. In the present days, the wireless communication
technology refers to a variety of wireless communication devices
and technologies ranging from smart phones to computers, tabs,
laptops, Bluetooth Technology, printers. This article gives an
overview of wireless communication and types of wireless
communications.
TYPES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

 Satellite Communication :
Satellite communication is one type of self contained wireless
communication technology, it is widely spread all over the world
to allow users to stay connected almost anywhere on the earth.
When the signal (a beam of modulated microwave) is sent near
the satellite then, satellite amplifies the signal and sent it back to
the antenna receiver which is located on the surface of the earth.
Satellite communication contains two main components like the
space segment and the ground segment.The ground segment
consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception and ancillary
equipment and the space segment, which mainly is the satellite
itself.
  Infrared Communication:
Infrared wireless communication communicates information in a
device or systems through IR radiation . IR is electromagnetic
energy at a wavelength that is longer than that of red light. It is
used for security control, TV remote control and short range
communications. In the electromagnetic spectrum, IR radiation
lies between microwaves and visible light. So, they can be used as
a source of communication

For a successful infrared communication, a photo LED

transmitter and a photo diode receptor are required. The LED
transmitter transmits the IR signal in the form of non visible light,
that is captured and saved by the photoreceptor. So the
information between the source and the target is transferred in
this way. The source and destination can be mobile phones, TVs,
security systems, laptops etc supports wireless communication.
  Broadcast Radio:

The first wireless communication technology is the open radio

communication to seek out widespread use, and it still serves a
purpose nowadays. Handy multichannel radios permit a user to
speak over short distances, whereas citizen’s band and maritime
radios offer communication services for sailors. Ham radio
enthusiasts share data and function emergency communication
aids throughout disasters with their powerful broadcasting gear,
and can even communicate digital information over the radio
frequency spectrum.

Mostly an audio broadcasting service, radio broadcasts sound

through the air as radio waves. Radio uses a transmitter which is
used to transmit the data in the form of radio waves to a receiving
antenna(Different Types of Antennas). To broadcast common
programming, stations are associated with the radio N/W’s. The
broadcast happens either in simulcast or syndication or both.
Radio broadcasting may be done via cable FM, the net and
satellites. A broadcast sends information over long distances at up
to two megabits/Sec (AM/FM Radio).
Radio waves are electromagnetic signals, that are transmitted by
an antenna.These waves have completely different frequency
segments, and you will be ready to obtain an audio signal by
changing into a frequency segment.

For example, you can take a radio station. When the RJ says you
are listening to 92.7 BIG FM, what he really means is that signals
are being broadcasted at a frequency of 92.7megahertz, that
successively means the transmitter at the station is periodic at a
frequency of 92.700,000 Cycles/second.

When you would like to listen to 92.7 BIG FM, all you have to do
is tune the radio to just accept that specific frequency and you will
receive perfect audio reception.
  Microwave Communication:

Microwave wireless communication is an effective type of

communication, mainly this transmission uses radio waves, and
the wavelengths of radio waves are measured in centimeters. In
this communication, the data or information can be transfers using
two methods. One is satellite method and another one is terrestrial
method.

Wherein satellite method, the data can be transmitted though a

satellite, that orbit 22,300 miles above the earth. Stations on the
earth send and receive data signals from the satellite with a
frequency ranging from 11GHz-14GHz and with a transmission
speed of 1Mbps to 10Mbps. In terrestrial method, in which two
microwave towers with a clear line of sight between them are
used, ensuring no obstacles to disrupt the line of sight. So it is used
often for the purpose of privacy. The frequency range of the
terrestrial system is typically 4GHz-6GHz and with a transmission
speed is usually 1Mbps to 10Mbps.
The main disadvantage of microwave signals is, they can be
affected by bad weather, especially rain.

 Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a low power wireless communication, that is used by

various electronic devices like smart phones, laptops, etc.In this
setup, a router works as a communication hub wirelessly. These
networks allow users to connect only within close proximity to a
router. WiFi is very common in networking applications which
affords portability wirelessly. These networks need to be protected
with passwords for the purpose of security, otherwise it will access
by others
  Mobile Communication Systems :
The advancement of mobile networks is enumerated by
generations. Many users communicate across a single frequency
band through mobile phones. Cellular and cordless phones are
two examples of devices which make use of wireless signals.
Typically, cell phones have a larger range of networks to provide a
coverage.But, Cordless phones have a limited range. Similar to
GPS devices, some phones make use of signals from satellites to
communicate.
  Bluetooth Technology
The main function of the Bluetooth technology is that permits you
to connect a various electronic devices wirelessly to a system for
the transferring of data.Cell phones are connected to hands free
earphones, mouse, wireless keyboard. By using Bluetooth device
the information from one device to another device. This
technology has various functions and it is used commonly in the
wireless communication market.
 ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
 Cost effectiveness:

Wired communication entails the use of connection wires. In

wireless networks, communication does not require elaborate
physical infrastructure or maintenance practices. Hence the cost is
reduced.
Example − Any company providing wireless communication
services does not incur a lot of costs, and as a result, it is able to
charge cheaply with regard to its customer fees.

 Flexibility:

Wireless communication enables people to communicate

regardless of their location. It is not necessary to be in an office or
some telephone booth in order to pass and receive messages.
Miners in the outback can rely on satellite phones to call their
loved ones, and thus, help improve their general welfare by
keeping them in touch with the people who mean the most to
them.

 Convenience:

Wireless communication devices like mobile phones are quite

simple and therefore allow anyone to use them, wherever they
may be. There is no need to physically connect anything in order
to receive or pass messages.
Example − Wireless communications services can also be seen in
Internet technologies such as Wi-Fi. With no network cables
hampering movement, we can now connect with almost anyone,
anywhere, anytime.
  Speed:

Improvements can also be seen in speed. The network

connectivity or the accessibility were much improved in accuracy
and speed.
Example − A wireless remote can operate a system faster than a
wired one. The wireless control of a machine can easily stop its
working if something goes wrong, whereas direct operation can’t
act so fast.

 Accessibility:

The wireless technology helps easy accessibility as the remote

areas where ground lines can’t be properly laid, are being easily
connected to the network.
Example − In rural regions, online education is now possible.
Educators no longer need to travel to far-flung areas to teach their
lessons. Thanks to live streaming of their educational modules.

 Constant connectivity:

Constant connectivity also ensures that people can respond to

emergencies relatively quickly.
Example − A wireless mobile can ensure you a constant
connectivity though you move from place to place or while you
travel, whereas a wired land line can’t.
 DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
 Lesser range:
Normally, the range of a medium-range wireless network is up to
around 100 meters. This may be suitable for a home or a small
office, but insufficient for larger structures. To increase the range,
additional access points or repeaters will be required. This is an
extra charge which increases the overall cost.

 Security issues:
Security is a major concern in any form of communication. Wireless
networks involve the risk of modification and eavesdropping. So they
make use of certain encryption techniques for security. There are also
authentication mechanisms in place for the same. But it has been
found that some of the encryption techniques can be easily
compromised.

 Reliability:
Since wireless networks work with radio wave communication,
the signal is affected by much interference. It is also subjected to
certain propagation effects. The movement of the user also creates
instability in the signals. These disturbances to the signal may
become difficult to handle for the network administrator.

 Less speed:
The maximum speed of 802.11n standard network is 600Mbps.
This is only almost half the speed of a wired network. Same is the
case with all the wireless networks. When compared to wired,
they are very slow. The speed further decreases in a busy network.

 Lesser control:
While wireless networks offer great flexibility in offices where you
can work from anywhere, it becomes difficult to manage the
employees. It is possible for them to work outside the office also if
the signal is available. So, it may not be easy for the managers to
monitor their work.
 REFERENCE
 Websites:

 www.geeksforgeeks.com
 www.electronicshub.org
 www.elprocus.com
 www.advantages-disadvantages.com

 Books:

Advaced Computer Network

By
Technical Publication