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Base Acid Conj. Acid Conj - Base

This document discusses acids and bases according to different theories: - Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories are used to classify acids and bases in a table. - Conjugate acid-base pairs are identified in reactions and the applicable acid/base theory is stated. - Strong acids and bases are defined as completely dissociating in water, illustrated with HCl and water. - Stronger acids and weaker bases are identified in pairs based on properties. - Increasing acid strength and conjugate base strength is explained for oxyacids and nitro acids based on electron density effects.

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159 views

Base Acid Conj. Acid Conj - Base

This document discusses acids and bases according to different theories: - Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories are used to classify acids and bases in a table. - Conjugate acid-base pairs are identified in reactions and the applicable acid/base theory is stated. - Strong acids and bases are defined as completely dissociating in water, illustrated with HCl and water. - Stronger acids and weaker bases are identified in pairs based on properties. - Increasing acid strength and conjugate base strength is explained for oxyacids and nitro acids based on electron density effects.

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roz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Week 8 Worksheet: Chapter 10 Acids and Bases

I. Identifying acid/base theories. For each molecule or ion in the table, identify whether it can act as
an acid or a base and put a checkmark under each theory or theories that describe it.

Molecule/Ion Acid or Base Arrhenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis


Br- base x
CN- base x
H2CO3 acid x x
NH3 base x
HNO2 acid x x
Ba(OH)2 base x
HCl acid x x
AlCl3 acid x
Cl- base x
KOH base x
IO3- base x
CH3COOH acid x
HNO2 acid x

II. Conjugate Acids and Bases. In each reaction, identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and
conjugate base. Then, write which acid/base theory or theories describe the reaction.

(a) NH3 + H2O _ NH4+ + OH-


base acid conj. Acid conj.base
Theory: Bronsted
(b) NH4+ + H2O _ NH3 + H3O+
acid base conj.base conj acid
Theory: Bronsted
(c) 2NaOH + H2SO4 _ 2H2O + Na2SO4
base acid conj. Acid, base
Theory: Bronsted, Arrhenius
- - 2-
(d) HSO3 + CN _ HCN + SO3
acid base conj. Acid conj. base
Theory: Bronsted
(e) NH2- + H2O _ NH3 + OH-
base acid conj. Acid conj. base
Theory: Bronsted

(f) Draw Lewis structures depicting the reaction


AlCl3 + Cl- _ AlCl4-
and identify the acid/base theory that best describes the reaction.
Lewis acid/base theory
.. .. -
: Cl : :Cl:
.. .. .. - .. .. ..
Al : Cl : + : Cl : _ :Cl:Al:Cl:
.. .. .. .. .. ..
: Cl : :Cl:
.. ..
(g) Draw Lewis structures depicting the reaction
BBr3 + NH3 _ Br3B-NH3
and identify the acid/base theory that best describes the reaction.
Lewis acid/base theory
.. ..
: Br : H :Br: H
.. .. .. .. ..
B : Br : + : N : H _ :Br: B : N: H
.. .. .. .. ..
: Br : H :Br: H
.. ..

III. Acid/Base Strength

(a) What property do all strong acids and strong bases have in common? Write a
reaction for HCl and water to illustrate your explanation.
They dissociate completely in water
HCl_ H+ + Cl-

(b) Circle the stronger acid in each pair:

NH4+ NH3
H2O H3 O+
HXO HXO3 (X is an unknown element)

(c) Circle the weaker base in each pair:

NH4+ NH3
Cl- F-
NaOH NH4OH
NaOH NaHCO3

IV. Ternary Acids/Bases


Explain the order of increasing or decreasing acid strength and conjugate base strength for the
following groups:

(a) H2SO3, H2SO4 The more oxygens there are in an oxyacid, the more e- density is pulled from
(b) HNO2, HNO3 the protons, making them more likely to leave the molecule.

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