Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Cavite City Campus
Pulo II, Dalahican, Cavite City

Case Study in Child

Development

Aristales, Jessa Mae M.

Calanno, Meideline S.

Cano, Jelly Marie

Garcia, Mary Rose

Grepo, Jenil L.

BECED-2A
 Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-3 years old)

Name: Athalia Judaea A. Lisama

Age: 2 years old

Sex: Female

Toddlerhood is the stage where a child has their process on the way they socialize
with other, how they are physically active and lastly is how their cognitive development
work. Skills such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, and waving “bye-bye” are
called developmental milestones. Developmental milestones are things most children can
do by a certain age. Children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, behave,
and move (like crawling, walking, or jumping). In this observation we will see if the child
develops her Social, Cognitive and Physical Development, if she reaches the stage where
a child should be fully developed. We all know toddlerhood was the first step until a child
reaches his/her adulthood stage, we will be determined and observe what are the things
that a child would be develop at this point of her life style.

 Physical Domain (Motor Development)

In the video, Iya do all the task that I gave, she has developed her fine motor skills
and the gross motor skills, she can stand by herself and balance herself, she can run and
walk with alternating arm swing, Iya loves to jump especially when the bed is fluffy, all
throughout the video Iya express her physical skills in walking jumping and play with other
children. She really loves to dance, sing. She can walk to the stairs alone and by herself,
Iya don’t like us to interrupt her while doing all the things that she really wants to do with
her own. Through this we can say that she is fully develop and can maintained her
balance with out the help of others. she is so active in doing the things that can help her
boost her energy and her muscles also. In the video Iya show that she can do things
without interrupt by the adult, we all know children like to explore by their own we just
have to let them be. Because through this exploration that they in tend to do they can
develop their gross and fine motor skills that a child should have at this age. The muscles
are well developed and the strength of each child at this age is well develop and
maintained. Theory that I can connect is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a toddler kid
needs to feel safe, love and belongingness in the society, have a self confidence that they
can do things that they are capable of, the self-actualization that they must feel worth it in
the society they are belong, and of course and physiological needs of a toddler children.

 Social Domain (Language Competency & Personal-Social Behavior)

Iya learns how to communicate with other people, while observing her I notice that
when she hears her name, she totally will look on the person who is calling her name,
she can understand that her nickname is Iya. I notice also that eventually she start talking
to me and I can fully understand her words even if some of the words are incorrect, but
she use her finger to point at something while we are communicating to each other, as if
she was about to say that I should get what is she pointing at. In the video her cousins
are sing the song “Ikaw at Ako” and the suddenly I was shocked when she also started
singing the song even if it’s not exactly the lyric of the song, through song she can
communicate with her cousin’s. She was so excited when her cousins arrive at the house,
in the video Iya really loves to play and she is jolly when she has a playmate. Get easily
amused with the toys around her, after playing with her toys she will just let her toys
scattered everywhere, while observing Iya different behaviors I can see is that she get
easily irritated on something that she don’t like, Iya listen on what the adult is saying, but
at the end Iya always end up crying because she doesn’t want to do the command of her
mother. In the video Iya has this side that when you say that “Iya itapon mo tong pampers
mo” she will get the pampers and throw it on the trash can, she can understand that we
are commanding her on doing the small things at her age so that in the near future she
can do it by herself without hesitating to command by the adult. While observing her Iya
will definitely copy the dance steps and the sound of the animal on her Tablet. She can
undress on her own, on the observation I made I can saw how she act and how she
behaves when there’s a lot of people that surrounds her. The theory that I can connect is
the Erik Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory, Iya is trying to have the Trust vs Mistrust on a
person, she will act hyper when she like the person, and when she doesn’t want a person,
she will totally get angry and cry. Initiative vs Guilt when someone say’s to her that throw
this paper, she will have the Initiative to throw it away, and when someone is crying
because of her, she will feel guilty as if she was about to cry also.
  Cognitive (Cognitive-Adaptive Skills)

While I was observing Iya, this caught my attention when she has this side of
“kamalditahan” she don’t want to be bothered in terms of playing or watching on her tablet,
while I was observing her in terms of the way she think, as if she is grown up already to
the point that she will cry when, she don’t get what she want, Iya has this side that when
somebody will leave the house she will totally cry, because she want’s to come and join
that person. In short “humahabol” in the video Iya’s way of thinking has in different level
because of her curiosity, she will totally be upset when we are ignoring her, the way of
the thinking of the child has a big part on everyone that surrounds them, Iya grew up in
an surrounding that full of adult, the way she talks the way she thinks of every thing was
like an adult, the latter part of it was she think differently and her wide range of thinking
was like and adult thinker. Iya can distinguish the number, she can speak a word that she
will later repeat if no one is listening to her. She can arrange colors; she can arrange a
robot using the “sipit na panlaba”. The Theory that I can connect is Piaget’s Stages of
Cognitive Development, she has the Stage 1. Sensori-motor stage and Stage 2. Pre-
Operational Stage. Iya can detect what is good and what is bad, she has now the ability
to think like an adult. Her way of development is now full as a Two years old girl.
 Early Childhood (3-5 years old)

Name: Jaben Jill

Age: 5 years old

Sex: Male

This study presents the developmental milestones of a child ages 3-5 years old,
which can be classified or lined up in Early Childhood Stage. This is about the
development of the child's Physical, Social and Cognitive Development. And to know if
there is any lacking in a child's development. And also, to know the background of the
child that is in this current stage, and what activities are they capable to do and what can
be the activities that are fit to their age and cognitive skills. So, everyone can be aware,
and for us future educators to apply the things that we've learned on our teaching field in
the near future. My observations and reflection about child are written in this study.

Jaben Jill will be the highlight of the Early Childhood Stage. This boy is also known
as "JJ", a five years old kid. The second child of their family, and I can see that he was a
very active, jolly, talkative and intelligent boy. For the problem that I've observed during
the interview is his voice became lower when he is talking to other people aside for his
playmates. Also, his parents train him to speak in English, so he is stuttering every time
he speaks in Tagalog language. And her mother says that JJ is not allowed to go outside
and play, back then. So, when JJ is outside and playing, he is very hyperactive to the
point that he accidentally hurt his playmates.

 Physical Domain:

In JJ's physical domain, in his age he improves in speed, accuracy and whole-
body coordination through doing a simple obstacle like hop, run, climb, walk around, jump
over and play using his large muscles. He also rides a bicycle, play basic computer games
with proper guidance, catch, kick and pass the ball. In this level the development of his
muscles, gross motor skills and speed is still developing. Children at this level can master
new forms of physical play. And this fine motor skills are improving like, count numbers
in his fingers, removing his clothes by himself, feed himself without the guidance of the
guardian. But still he needs the help of an adult for him to develop more through teaching
him. playmate. Because taught that his movement is still for play. But he is still more close
and attached to his mother than to his father. I can connect his development in Phalic
Stage of Stages of Psychosexual Development by Frued's Psychoanalytic Theory.

 Social Domain

I can see that JJ is having a good relationship with his peers and friends. He is
able to play “habulan”, hide and seek etc and share his toys with his playmates, have
more and strong bond to his playmates rather than staying at home, develop friendship,
tend to do a dramatic play which sometimes imitate animals, superheroes or soldiers,
enjoy playing with his friends, and knows the good and bad behavior towards other
people. But when he is really fond of children or have a misunderstanding with his
playmates, he sometimes has trouble and hurt them. I can connect this developmental
milestone to the 4 stages of Play by Sara Smilasky. Which he pretends or imitate persons
or action figures like Dramatic Play, and plays hide and seek, “habulan” with his friends
like Functional Play.

 Cognitive Domain

I and JJ do the "Piaget's Conservation", to measure his ability to think logically and
abstractly. At the four items, in the same amount of water and same size of transparent
mug he chose the letter B, but when I changed the Cup A into a thin yet tall transparent
container, he chose both has the same amount. In item number two, he chose the same
quantity of coins, although I changed the alignment of the coins. He counts the section A
and section B coins first, so he knew that coins have the same number yet different
alignment. The third one is, he says that paper has the same size although I crumpled
the other one.
 And lastly the length of the sticks, he chose the whole stick to be the longer that
the other one because according to JJ I cut the stock into five so it is not the same. He
thinks twice before he answers the questions properly and O can say that he is an
intelligent kid. I can connect on the Pre-Operational Stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive
Development. Because he focuses on one aspect or thing and he see those item as one
aspect only.
 Middle Childhood (6-8 years old)

Name: Joselyn

Age: 8 years old

Sex: Female

 Motor development

Joselyn has a good physical condition, but I ask her to get a rope and jump and
skip it. Or in other word "jumping rope". But she can't do that, she can't skip the rope
because she easily gets tired and because of that she said that she can't do it then what
I did is let her rest. After taking a rest I ask her again to jump across the board then she's
trying her best the suddenly she did it. Joselyn failed reaching an 18 inches height while
jumping because she's small enough to reach. We try to do something like catching a ball
with her. I throw the ball to her then she catches it in one hand, we try it into 3 times, but
she catches the ball 1 time, the rest are failed. When I turn music on, and I ask her if she
like to dance then she said no. I gave her a paper then a guide her to fold the paper
vertically then she does it well and folds the paper diagonally. She can't cut straight line
well, but she can curve a line.

 Language competency

I ask her to recite any nursery songs then she recites "Bahay Kubo". She has a
good voice then after that "pangako" by Regine Velasquez. She told me that it's her idol.
Joselyn already know what these common things like house are, table, slippers. She can't
make a sentence containing a verb and adjective because she's not average or good in
English. But counting a number she can make it well. I gave her a one picture then she
described it properly than what I expect. I ask her if she wants to ask me, she makes
some questions then she waits me to respond and before she proceeds to the next
question, she waits me to answer.

 Personal and social behavior

While Joselyn playing with others, as what I've observe, she's concerned with her
playmates. Why? Because while one of his friend’s bully, she acts like she's affected and
she tried to protect her friend, Nicole. Joselyn is so happy while playing, and I saw her
teeth clean and still complete. I ask her if she brush her teeth well, she answered, Yes
ate. I brush my teeth always twice a day. I ask her what her favorite food is, she said
"adobong manok". I ask her why, she answered me "My mother is a great chef for me,
she cooks any kinds of food, but adobo is one of the best". Lastly, I ask again what parts
of human body use for us to hear, and she answered it well.

 Cognitive adaptive skills

Joselyn at her age 8 she knows everything around her. She learned a lot from her
school. She already knew what shapes are round, square, triangle, diamond. I gave her
12 sticks to make a 4 square then she did it well again. She also did 12 cubes in a row to
arrange it, in this case she's weak on arranging those cubes but she's good in abstract.
I've noticed that every child has their own talents, skills, and unique. Even they already
knew everything, they need also our guidance for them to know what they are not know.
 Late Childhood ages 9-12 years old (grade 4-6)

Name: Princess Jhewiel C. Binamira

Age: 12 years old

Sex: Female

This study aims to determine the developmental milestones of a child at the middle
childhood stage at the age of 12. The study shows the child's physical, socio-emotional
and cognitive activities and observation that adjudge the student’s development in
different aspects. Moreover, this study evaluates whether the child is delayed, good or
advance for her stage.

Princess Jhewiel or also known as "iwok" is a current grade 6 student at Alapan 1

Elementary School, located at Imus, Cavite. She is second to the youngest daughter
among her four siblings. According to the family of iwok, she is an outstanding student in
her current grade. She grew up in average family, able to be responsible in household
chores. The following aspects in development has been observed during the day of
interview

 Physical Domain

Iwok's physical appearance shows some sign of puberty. Her chest or breast starts
to show. She has this chubby body and most likely developed her gross and fine motor
averagely. She is curious about her physical appearance, she always uses "baby bra"
when she's about to go outside, uses powder, more likely dresses or prefer to use long
short and t-shirt. However, while dealing with her so called puberty stage she still plays
with her friends, a carefree play like "tumbang preso, ice-ice water and so on."

 Socio emotional domain

A jejune child prefers to be in a same-sex peer group. In her circle of friend, she
plays as the popular among the five types of peer status. She receives 9/10 positive
nomination as the best among others. While doing this nomination, I've observed that
iwok shows self-awareness and able to manage her emotion.
Iwok's way of thinking would probably fall at Erik Erickson's work, The Psychosocial
theory. Under Erik Erickson's theory determine the cognitive development of iwok. The
stage four, Industry vs. inferiority. As a sibling of a grade conscious elder sister, she has
this initiative to be like her sister so she could get attention from her family, peers and
teachers. She developed this sense of pride in her accomplishments and abilities.
However, iwok shows the strength in this level in which she develops her ability to handle
the task set before them. She gained competence.

 Cognitive domain

Using conversational task of Jean Piaget. In this scenario, there are two
transparent cups with same amount of water and appearance. On the other hand, the two
cups labeled as Cup A and Cup B. By the time, things get so confusing to her and she
ask " what is this all about?". "This is an experiment." I replied. Proceeding to the scenario,
I get a taller and skinner cup. I transfer the water on the Cup B to the taller and skinner
cup and ask "which among these two cups has the bigger amount of water?". She thinks
for about 2minutes. "I think they have the same amount? Am I right? She giggled said.
Then I ask her "why do you think so?" and she answered me quickly "because in the first
cup, which is the cup A and B have the same amount of water and you just transfer it to
taller cup to look that it has a huge amount of water than the Cup A." "I think it's more
likely my friends’ weight and my weight, she's Skinner and taller than me but we have the
same weight, she giggled added. I think her cognitive development falls into the Jean
Piaget's under formal operational stage, the analogical reasoning. Iwok has the ability to
perceive the relationship in one instance, the cup A, B and the taller cup and use that
relationship to narrow down possible answer in another similar situation or problem like
their friends’ weight.

Through my overall observation, I could stand to say that Iwok is at the normal
development for her age. Maybe she thinks differently than other child in some aspects
but I think it is because of her environment including her family and friend. Anyway, she
is my sister.
 Adolescent ages 13 to 19 years old

Name: Paul

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Male

Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. During

this stage, children start to grow and develop it includes the physical, cognitive, social
and emotion of the child. Understanding what to expect in the different developmental
milestone can give a knowledge and idea to the parents, teacher and also to the child. It
can also promote healthy development throughout adolescence into early childhood. If
they have a knowledge to the development of the child they can identify if the child is
advance or delayed, they can do an action to the problem and the possible enhancement
to the improvement of the child. I observe and interview Paul of the best example of
adolescence he is 18 years old. I observed and noticed the different milestone he already
experiences in the physical, social, emotional, and cognitive aspect of the child.

 Physical Growth and Development

Erickson (Stage 5: Identity vs Role Confusion) claim that adolescent may feel
uncomfortable about their body for a while until they adapt and grow into the changes. I
observed to him to his physical aspect is he has a little beard, and he is tall much taller
than the average girl. He tells at first, he is not comfortable to the changes of his body but
later on he accepts and adapt the changes. He also tells me that his physical aspect
improves like he can jump high, he can dance and play sports in the long period of time,
and his strength is better than when he is in the stage of the childhood. I also notice that
his voice is deepen and his Adam’s apple is visible.
  Cognitive development

Paul is good in reasoning and he tell me that he is good in abstract and logic. In
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development, he is inclined to his age which is the Stage 4:
Formal Operational stage in this stage the persons can solve abstract problems and can
have a hypothesis which is appropriate to his age. He thinks about his idea rationally, he
also has a plan for his future, and he also have a firm sense of identity.

 Social development

I observed that he is closer to his peers than to his family. He tells me that he always
goes to his peers than staying at home he is not comfortable to stay and talk to his family
he rather tells his problem to his friends than telling to his parents. I also observed that
he is friendly and he can easy associate to others even to the stranger. Because of being
closer to his friends at the age of 18 he is already alcohol drinker and smoker. In the
Stage 5: Identity vs Role Confusion of Erick Erickson in the Psychosocial Theory
rebelliousness, defiance and use of alcohol are one of the expression of adolescents in
retailing against strict parental regulation. In the situation of Paul, he tells me that his
parents are strict and there’s a lot of rules because of that he become aloof to his parents
and become a smoker and drinker. He also tells that they have more argument with their
parents as he struggles for the freedom or independence. It inclined of the Stage 5:
Identity vs Role Confusion in Psychosocial Theory which are the adolescence is an active
agent of identity formation of ego, which puts together it’s a knowledge of the persons
abilities, needs and desires and what must be done to adapt to the social environment. I
noticed that he has a set of values and morals. He said that he is more responsible for
his own actions, decisions and consequences. This shows Freud Psychoanalytical
Theory which is the superego the morality of right and wrong.

 Emotional development

He says that he is aware of his self-consciousness. He is self-conscious about his

physical appearance he always compares his style in his cloths to his peers and friends.
He admits that he is type of person that has a strong emotion possessive, easily angered
etc. but he is sensitive to others in the way that if his friends are not on the mood, he will
not disturb them. In addition, he tells me that he is a sensitive person he can easily hurt
in words of the someone who is close to him which is I notice because when his friend
said to him bad words like “bobo naman nito” he stay quiet for a while and continue when
I ask about if he is sensitive person.