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Design and Comparative Analysis of an INVELOX Wind Power Generation

System for Multiple Wind Turbine through CFD

Article  in  Advances in Mechanical Engineering · February 2019

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Research Article

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

2019, Vol. 11(4) 1–10
Ó The Author(s) 2019
Design and comparative analysis of an DOI: 10.1177/1687814019831475
journals.sagepub.com/home/ade
INVELOX wind power generation
system for multiple wind turbines
through computational fluid dynamics

Ghulam Abbas Gohar1 , Tareq Manzoor2 , Arslan Ahmad1,

Zeeshan Hameed1, Farrukh Saleem1, Iqrar Ahmad1, Abdul Sattar1 and
Aurangzeb Arshad1

Abstract
Increase velocity in omnidirectional (INVELOX) is the wind power transporting system, which is suitable for providing
the maximum wind energy for better maneuver of wind turbine. This venturi has innovative features that are
accomplished for functioning the integrating multiple wind turbine generator system, capture the wind flow through the
omnidirectional intake and speed-ups the flow across the venturi region that is release into ambient environment
through diffuser. In this study, INVELOX model 1 and model 2 are designed for investigation of pressure and velocity
contours. Power output of turbine depends on pressure and velocity of wind. The venturi section result specifies velo-
city and pressure drop of both models of INVELOX; velocity of model 1 and model 2 increases from 10.42 to 45.5 m/s,
respectively. Pressure drops transpire in model 1 and model 2 which decrease from 1:722 3 101 and
6:938 3 102 Pa, respectively. Upstream velocities and power of wind after throat of venturi are deliberated. The sec-
ond and third turbines provide the less potential as compare to first turbine power. It is concluded that the power pro-
duced using multistage wind turbine is higher.

Keywords
Wind energy, INVELOX, computational fluid dynamics, solid works, ANSYS

Date received: 19 May 2018; accepted: 21 January 2019

Handling Editor: Pietro Scandura

Introduction which is appropriate for wind power utilizing.

INVELOX has innovative features for capturing wind
The utilization of renewable energy is essential to over- for operation of integrating numerous wind turbines in
come energy demand of country. The wind conversion
system has established for more than 3000 years. Due
to energy crises and higher demand, many wind tur- 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad,
bines have introduced rapidly all over the world in the Sahiwal, Pakistan
2
last three eras. Many researchers have presented new Energy Research Centre, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore,
Pakistan
model for capturing wind power for the wind turbines
to enhance the performance of wind turbines.1 A new Corresponding author:
concept of increase velocity in omnidirectional Ghulam Abbas Gohar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS
(INVELOX) is presented for wind transport system, University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 57000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]

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open-access-at-sage).
2 Advances in Mechanical Engineering

the venturi sections. Passive and active yaw control is significant effect on speed ratio. Appropriate selection
not required for orientation of wind turbine. It acceler- of geometry of INVELOX and velocity increment up
ates torrents of wind that passing through venturi unit, to 1.9 m/s is attainable. INVELOX decreases tip speed
which expands and releases to ambient atmosphere ratio and increases turbine maximum power coeffi-
over diffuser. When two or three turbines operate in cient.12 It was described that a novel ducted turbine
venturi unit, second and third turbine shows less poten- designed for induction wind power for commercial or
tial than first turbine power conservation. However, residential application. A mathematical model intro-
modified design venturi shows that it is potential wind duced for prediction the flow mechanism inside the
turbine using multistage turbine is higher.2–4 It is testi- tower and a velocity coefficient is measured a definite
fied that wind energy can be captured and accelerated value at different test conditions. It was special design
through INVELOX, can be increased wind speed by for elimination of wind tower promising solution for
factor 2 or 3 as a result in power output increasing by commercial and residential application. It provides bet-
factors 4–8. COMSOL is modern computational tool ter power output due to pressure difference created by
to design model and analysis of INVELOX system.5 surrounding environment.13 It was investigated that
Numerical simulation and analysis of INVELOX wind suction flow rate from funnel to provide highest velo-
turbine system have executed to find its advantages in city output. Conservation of mass and momentum
terms of power generation of traditional turbines. The principle has been used for solving resulting equation
INVELOX attained 11.9 m/s wind speed at venturi sec- numerically.14
tion that is 6–8 times more power than traditional wind It was investigated that the blades of small wind tur-
energy. The INVELOX system produced more power bines start rotating at the lowest potential wind speed.
as compared to traditional wind turbines.6 The funnel- Horizontal wind axis turbine having diameter of 2 m
based wind power capturing system developed with with three blades was tested under test chamber for
propeller blade having diameter of 7 cm that coupled quasi-steady blade element analysis. Analysis of rotor
with generator for producing power. Power is produced acceleration was carried out under large range of wind
from 0.0001 to 9.93 W within scope of velocities limits speed and interpolated airfoil data and generic equa-
at funnel inlet as 0.5–7.89 m/s.7 Omnidirectional intake tion for lift and drag at large angle of incidence. Based
duct of wind power system was developed and investi- on the blade element calculations, it was suggested that
gated flow characteristics using computational fluid the starting torque is produced near the hub, but more
dynamics (CFD). Omnidirectional intake duct to hori- power-generating torque comes from the tip region.15
zontal axis provides improvement in wind power but it It was revealed that new wind energy capturing design
is very difficult to predict accurately the amount of was developed for omnidirectional wind flow and
increase power. Three-blade wind turbine is be inserted thereby not required for passive and active yaw
in intake system of INVELOX, which develop pressure mechanism.16 The aim of this work is that transforma-
drop on pressure side and suction sides. The results tion of wind power is organized by two key factors:
indicate the range of 1.5–6.7 m/s.8 The objective of this first one is free stream wind speed and second one is
article is to enhance power output of wind energy with blade radius. These two design parameters diminished
effect of design modification on output wind velocity. the blade sizes and tower height in conventional sys-
The design developed on SolidWorks and flow simula- tems. In this study, both computational and test results
tion conducted through ANSYS Fluent software. measured are described.17 The main problem was to
Finally, output wind velocity is achieved two time than eliminate tower-mounted turbine that is the fundamen-
input velocity.9 The INVELOX is a new concept for tal innovation of multiple wind turbines. In this study,
capturing wind from all directions and measured data analysis of INVELOX presented in which mass flow
confirmed that wind captures in 360°. Turbine perfor- rate at first turbine is high as compared to second and
mance was enhanced from 300 to 3600 W due to ampli- third turbines in venturi duct. The velocity drop occurs
fied wind speed and higher power coefficient when at exit of first turbine and the entrance to second and
turbine was mounted in the venturi section of third turbine. The stream of kinetic energy is used to
INVELOX.10 INVELOX is better solution for optimiz- operate the turbine safely at ground level.4 It was
ing efficiency in commercial renewable power genera- described that fluid stream in and around INVELOX is
tion implementation. It has better architecture design increasing capability of wind capturing. CFD analysis
that can be mounted at ground level applications.11 was carried out at different configurations of intake
The aim of this work is to analyze the execution of system for generating more power for commercial wind
wind capturing structure when multiples turbines turbine.18
installed in the venturi unit. It is possible to increase This work is segmented into four sections. In section
the wind power for operating multiple wind turbines 2, methodology is discoursed. In section 3, result and
and to enhance the total power output of the system.2 discussion is deliberated. In section 4, whole work is
Inlet area and venturi cross-sectional area shows concluded.
Gohar et al. 3

Figure 1. Intake hopper. Figure 3. Complete design model 1.

Figure 2. Funnel and venturi of model 1.

Methodology
In this section, basic steps in designing and simulation
process of INVELOX are described with the effect of
intake hopper in model 1 and vertical axis wind turbine Figure 4. Design dimension of model 1.
(VAWT) in model 2.
Analysis
CFD uses different algorithms and numerical tech-
Modeling
niques to obtain valid solution and to evaluate the
Solid model of INVELOX is designed in SolidWorks problem that comprises fluid flow. Modeling through
according to size and dimensions of INVELOX model CFD is based on elementary equations of fluid
1, and its geometry is imported to ANSYS for fluent dynamics:
analysis. It has two sections: (a) intake hopper and (b)
converging section. The converging section consists of 1. Conservation of mass;
a funnel, bend, and venturi section. Figures 1–3 show 2. Conservation of momentum;
complete model 1. Figure 4 indicates complete geome- 3. Conservation of energy.
try of model 1 with dimensions.
The combination of VAWT blade and propeller fan CFD simulation process takes several processes that
is introduced in the intake system of INVELOX model are involved in the examination of the fluent flow in
2 instead of intake Hooper. Design of VAWT blade is INVELOX duct.
presented in Figure 5.
Propeller fan is directly attach with shaft of VAWT
so it takes power from VAWT and rotates which cre- Pre-processor. In pre-processing of ANSYS Workbench,
ates a pressure drop ahead of its blades so more wind is geometry of model can be described in the best possible
pushed toward the inlet of INVELOX system, as shown way in which to establish the fluid domain of interest
(Figure 9). This domain is further subdivided into
in Figures 6 and 7.
smaller areas, called as mesh generation step.
Wind velocity is increased at inlet of INVELOX sys-
tem with installation of VAWT blades and propeller
fan and further increase the length of throat, to get Solver. ANSYS Fluent software is used to identify fluid
more wind velocity at venturi section (Figure 8). material properties as flow physical model, and
4 Advances in Mechanical Engineering

boundary conditions are adjusted to determine funda-

mental equations related to flow physics problem using
a computer.

Post-processor. CFD results are analyzed with various

methods as vector plots, contour plots, data curve
for suitable graphical illustrations, and report.
Preprocessing is defining the geometry to define our
domain of interest. Domain of interest is divided into
segments called mesh generation step and problem is
Figure 5. Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) blades. setup to defining the boundary condition, we solve it
with CFD solver.

Boundary conditions
In the modeling, it is developed right rectangular prism
around the 3D model which to make approximate
boundary condition. It is extruded in such a manner to
create an envelope around 3D model and then generate
it. It is created Boolean to separate entities (rectangle
prism and 3D object) and subtract 3D object from the
Figure 6. Propeller fan. right rectangular prism to develop cavity for the object
under analysis.

Meshing
It is a very essential step to adopt the optimum mesh
number and size for acquiring accurate results with
least computational time and suitable outcome with
lowest error in the solution (Figure 10). Most impor-
tant part of CFD model is to describe sections: (a) inlet,
(b) outlet, (c) walls, and (d) INVELOX.

Figure 7. Complete design model 2. Application of boundary conditions

It is the third step for performing specific analysis in
which all the physical values and conditions are given
(Figure 11). Select the following options: (a) double pre-
cision and (b) serial. Apply the condition in solver.
Select air and apply fiberglass properties, then apply
cell zone conditions. Apply inlet boundary conditions
(Figure 12).
Apply outlet boundary conditions (Figure 13).

Solution
After meshing, it is important step to acquire solution
of model with suitable conditions (Figures 14 and 15).

Results and discussion

Meshing of models 1 and 2
The mapped meshing is developed on entire domain. It
is smooth and fine in some regions away from the duct
Figure 8. Design dimension of model 2. using ANSYS Workbench 16.0. Triangular type
Gohar et al. 5

Figure 9. Interface of Workbench.

Figure 11. Select pressure based model.

intake and venturi section of INVELOX shows 6 and

10.42 m/s, respectively, as shown in Figure 18.
Velocity of wind is analyzed for both models with
same cut-in speed of 6 m/s. VAWT and propeller fan
Figure 10. Suitable condition.
are installed in model 2 instead of hopper (Figure 19).
Free and forced stream flow of wind are visualized
medium size elements are developed for better accuracy
almost 6.6 m/s at point 2 of model 2. By increasing the
of results. Meshing of models 1 and 2 are shown in
length of venturi section of model 2, it shows the
Figures 16 and 17, respectively.
increase velocity of wind at throat section. Velocity
contour indicates velocity profile of wind throughout
INVELOX section (Figure 20). Velocity contour indi-
Velocity distribution cates velocity profile of wind throughout INVELOX
The velocity profile of model 1 is obtained by inlet free section (Figure 19). Wind speed is obtained 45.5 m/s at
stream velocity of wind. The velocity contour plot at throat section of venturi in model 2.
6 Advances in Mechanical Engineering

Figure 14. Solution boundary.

Figure 12. Inlet boundary conditions.

Figure 15. Solution initialization.

Figure 13. Outlet boundary condition.

Velocity comparison
Simulation results of INVELOX indicate wind speed of
10.42 m/s for model 1 and 45.5 m/s for model 2 at
throat section of venturi. It is proposed to install the
number of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) for
both model and calculate wind speed using mathemati-
cal relation at different positions of INVELOX for
operating turbine, as shown in Table 1, which gives
comparative data of both model but model 2 gives
Figure 16. Meshing of model 1.
Gohar et al. 7

Figure 20. Comparison of INVELOX.

Figure 17. Meshing of model 2.

between both sections. Throat is used to optimize and

regulate speed of air, as a result pressure drops occur.
The convergent part of nozzle starts larger area and
end at smaller cross-sectional area. As a fluid enters,
the smaller cross-sectional area is to accelerate wind
speed, which obey conservation of mass. To maintain a
constant amount of fluid moving through the restricted
portion of the nozzle, the fluid must move faster. The
energy occurs due to random motion (kinetic energy)
of molecules when fluid speed enhances through ven-
turi section as result to decrease pressure. The energy in
this random motion is converted into faster forward
motion, known as stream flows which lead to the pres-
sure drop. The pressure profile indicates static pressure
Figure 18. Velocity profile of model 1. of complete model of INVELOX as power generation
system. Pressure drops occur at throat of venturi of
model 1 as shown in Figure 21. It is observed that pres-
sure drops occur in model 1, which is 1:722 3 101 Pa.

Pressure distribution of model 2. At the inlet of model 2,

wind speed increased due to installation of VAWT as
compared to model 1. Second modification was to
increase the length of throat, as result to increase pres-
sure drop at throat in model 2, which gives better per-
formance. Pressure drops occur in model 2, which is
6:938 3 102 Pa, as shown in Figure 22.

Theoretical framework for model 2

Figure 19. Velocity profile of model 2. General form of Bernoulli’s equation is written as
follows:
better results. In model 2, the velocity of wind increased

1
up to 41.44 m/s on the first HAWT installed in a throat. Pa1  Pa2 = 3 r 3 V2 2  V2 1 ð1Þ
Similarly, on second HAWT, it is increased up to 2
20.77 m/s and on third HAWT, it increased up to Equation of continuity at points 2 and 3 is as follows
3.86 m/s.
A2 V 2 = A3 V 3 ð2Þ
p
Pressure distribution D2 = 4 m A2 = 3 D2 2 = 12:56 m2
4
Pressure distribution of model 1. An INVELOX has con- p
D3 = 1:6 m A3 = 3 D3 2 = 2 m2
verging and diverging section but throat occurs in 4
8 Advances in Mechanical Engineering

Table 1. Wind velocities of model 1 and model 2.

Sr. Parameters Model 1 Model 2

1 System Turbine 1 Turbine 2 Turbine 3 Turbine 1 Turbine 2 Turbine 3

2 Rated free stream wind speed (m/s) at intake 4.51 4.51 4.51 6.6 6.6 6.6
3 Venturi speed (m/s) 10.42 2.57 0.66 41.44 20.77 3.86

1
P2 = 3 r 3 A2 3 V 2 3 ð4Þ
2
1
P2 = 3 1:206 3 12:56 3 6:63 = 2177 W
2

1. Proposed first turbine

Wind power calculated at venturi section point 3

(first turbine) is as follows

1
P3(venturi) = 3 r 3 A3 3 V 3 3
2
Figure 21. Pressure distribution of model 1. 1
P3(venturi) = 3 1:206 3 2 3 41:4483 = 85873:27 W
2

2. Proposed second turbine after point 4

Diameter of duct at point 4 (D4), It is considered

that velocity decreases 1/3 after hitting the first turbine

1
V4 = 3 V3
3
1
V4 = 3 41:448 = 13:816 m=s
3
where V4 is downstream velocity.
Area of second turbine (A4) is as follows
Figure 22. Pressure distribution of model 2.
p p
A4 = 3 D4 2 = 3 1:32 = 1:33 m2
4 4
Equation of continuity is as follows A3 V 4 = A4 V 5
1:33 3 V5 = 2 3 13:816
A2 3 V 2 = A3 3 V 3 V5 = 20:77 m=s
12:56 3 6:6 = 2 3 V3
V3 = 41:448 m=s where V5 is upstream velocity of second turbine.
Wind power at proposed second turbine after point
Density is as follows 4 is as follows

Pa 3 n 1
r= ð3Þ P4 = 3 r 3 A4 3 V 5 3
R3T 2
Pa 3 n 101221 3 29 1
r= = = 1:206 kg=m3 P4 = 3 1:206 3 1:33 3 20:773 = 7185:85 W
R3T 8:314 3 293 2

Wind power calculated at point 2 of system is as

follows 3. Proposed third turbine at point 5
Gohar et al. 9

Table 2. Upstream velocity of turbines.

Air velocity Proposed turbine 1 Proposed turbine 2 Proposed turbine 3

INVELOX Model 1 10.42 m/s 2.57 m/s 0.66 m/s

INVELOX Model 2 41.44 m/s 20.77 m/s 3.86 m/s

Table 3. Power at different turbines.

Power Turbine 1 Turbine 2 Turbine 3 Total power

INVELOX Model 1 1789.12 W 35.61 W 0.79 W 1825.52 W

INVELOX Model 2 85:873103 W 7:183103 W 0:0983103 W 93:153103 W

Diameter of duct at point 5 (D5), It is considered

that velocity decreases 1/3 after hitting the first turbine

1
V6 = 3 V5
3
1
V6 = 3 20:77 = 6:92 m=s
3
Area of third turbine A5 is as follows
p p
A5 = 3 D5 2 = 3 1:92 = 2:83 m2
4 4
A4 V6 = A5 V7
1:33 3 6:92 = 2:83 3 V7
V7 = 3:86 m=s
Figure 23. Upstream velocity of turbines.
Wind power at proposed third turbine at point 5 is
as follows
Summary and conclusion
1
P5 = 3 r 3 A5 3 V 7 3
2 It is observed that power generated from INVELOX
1 system can be enhanced by model 2. For maximum
P5 = 3 1:206 3 2:83 3 3:863 = 98:14 W
2 power generation, there are two principles to optimize
the power generation in the wind turbine, which are as
Therefore, the total theoretical power at venturi is
follows: (1) increase the mass flow rate of air and (2)
increase the pressure drop across the turbine. After
Pt = P3 + P4 + P5 = 85873:27 + 7185:85 + 98:14
analysis, it is concluded that
= 93157:26 W = 93:15 kW

Actual Power: The ducted turbine has an estimated  Diameter of venturi at throat decreases from
Cp of 0.41 72 in in model 1 to 48 in in model 2.
 Wind velocity increases from 10.42 to 45.5 m/s
Actual Power = Total Power 3 Cp at venturi section that can be visualized through
P = 93:15 kW 3 0:41 = 38:19 kW simulation results.
 Upstream velocities are calculated using mathe-
matical relation for operating turbines.
Velocity and power output comparison  Pressure drops occur in model 1 and model 2
which decrease from  1:722 3 101 to
Upstream velocity of turbines is shown in Figure 23 2
6:938 3 10 Pa, respectively. It is observed
and Table 2 and power at different turbines is shown in
through simulation results.
Table 3.
10 Advances in Mechanical Engineering

 The significant increase in total power of model 6. Patel SN. Numerical simulation of flow through invelox
2 as compared to model 1 occurs. Total power wind turbine system. Int J Renew Energ Res 2018; 8:
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ing system. Proced Technol 2015; 21: 33–40.
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Acknowledgements tional intake duct wind turbine using CFD. Int J Latest
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Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal cam- 9. Ravichandrarangappa, Shasindransubramaniam and
pus and Energy Research Centre, COMSATS University Subbiramaniamwathumalai. Effects of geometric design
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respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this wind turbine power curve modeling based on field data in
article. Manjil, Iran. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international con-
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Funding tion by INVELOX. In: Proceedings of 4th IRF Interna-
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, tional Conference, Cochin, India,19 April 2015.
authorship, and/or publication of this article. 12. Anbarsooz M, Hesam MS and Moetakef-Imani B.
Numerical study on the geometrical parameters affecting
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