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ALA Assignment

This document contains 19 questions related to linear algebra concepts such as invariant subspaces, restriction operators, diagonalizability, projections, direct sums, and null spaces. The questions cover topics like proving properties of invariant subspaces under linear operators, determining when restriction operators are diagonalizable, conditions for matrices to be similar to triangular or diagonal matrices, properties of projections, and characterizing when a vector space decomposes as a direct sum of subspaces.

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Karim Shahbaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

ALA Assignment

This document contains 19 questions related to linear algebra concepts such as invariant subspaces, restriction operators, diagonalizability, projections, direct sums, and null spaces. The questions cover topics like proving properties of invariant subspaces under linear operators, determining when restriction operators are diagonalizable, conditions for matrices to be similar to triangular or diagonal matrices, properties of projections, and characterizing when a vector space decomposes as a direct sum of subspaces.

Uploaded by

Karim Shahbaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q 1.

Let T be the linear operator on R2 , the matrix of which in the standard


ordered basis is  
1 −1
A= .
2 2
(a) Prove that the only subspaces of R2 invariant under T are R2 and the
zero subspace.

(b) If U is the linear operator on C2 , the matrix of which in the standard


ordered basis is A, show that U has 1-dimensional invariant subspaces.
Q 2. Let W be an invariant subspace for T . Prove that the minimal polyno-
mial for the restriction operator TW divides the minimal polynomial for T ,
without referring to matrices.

Q 3. Let c be a characteristic value of T and let W be the space of char-


acteristic vectors associated with the characteristic value c. What is the
restriction operator TW ?

Q 4. Let  
0 1 0
A = 2 −2 2 .
2 −3 2
Is A similar over the field of real numbers to a triangular matrix? If so, find
such a triangular matrix.

Q 5. Every matrix A such that A2 = A is similar to diagonal matrix.

Q 6. Let T be a diagonalizable linear operator on the n-dimensional vector


space V , and let W be a subspace which is invariant under T . Prove that
the restriction operator TW is diagonalizable.

Q 7. Let T be a linear operator on a finite-dimensional vector space over a


field of complex numbers. Prove that T is diagonalizable if and only if T is
annihilated by some polynomial over C which has distinct roots.

Q 8. Let T be a linear operator on V . If every subspace of V is invariant


under T , then T is a scalar multiple of identity operator.

1
Q 9. Let T be the indefinite integral operator
Z x
(T f )(x) = f (t)dt
0

on the space of continuous functions on the interval [0, 1]. Is the space of
polynomial functions invariant under T ? The space of differentiable func-
tions? The space of functions which vanish at x = 12 ?

Q 10. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix with real entries. Prove that, if A is not


similar over R to a triangular matrix, then A is similar over C to a diagonal
matrix.

Q 11. True or false? If the triangular matrix A is similar to a diagonal


matrix, then A is already diagonal.

Q 12. Let V be the space of n × n matrices over F. Let A be a fixed n × n


matrix over F. Let T and U be the linear operators on V defined by

T (B) = AB
U (B) = AB − BA.

(a) True or false? If A is diagonalizable (over F), then T is diagonalizable.

(b) True or false? If A is diagonalizable, then U is diagonalizable.

Q 13. Let V be a finite dimensional vector space and let W1 be any subspace
of V . Prove that there is a subspace W2 of V such that V = W1 ⊕ W2 .

Q 14. Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space and let W1 , ..., Wk be


subspaces of V such that

V = W1 + ... + Wk and dimV = dimW1 + ... + dimWk .

Prove that V = W1 ⊕ ... ⊕ Wk .

Q 15. Find a projection E which projects R2 onto the subspace spanned by


(1, −1) along the subspace spanned by (1, 2).

2
Q 16. If E1 and E2 are projections onto independent subspaces, then E1 + E2
is a projection. True or false?

Q 17. If E is a projection and f is a polynomial, then f (E) = aI +bE. What


are a and b in terms of the coefficients of f ?

Q 18. True or false? If a diagonalizable operator has only the characteristics


values 0 and 1, it is a projection.

Q 19. Let T be a linear operator on a finite-dimensional vector space V . Let


R be the range of T and let N be the null space of T . Prove that R and N
are independent if and only if V = R ⊕ N .

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