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Finite Element Applications in Geotechnical Engineering: H. Ercan Taşan

This document discusses using finite element analysis to model a strip foundation in geotechnical engineering. It provides an example of modeling a rigid strip foundation experiencing 5 cm of settlement. The key steps are: 1) defining model parameters, 2) preprocessing including geometry, meshing, and element selection, 3) solving with load step options, and 4) postprocessing including writing output data to a file. The example demonstrates modeling the foundation as a plane strain problem and calculating soil stresses at different points due to the settlement.

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hasan
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75 views

Finite Element Applications in Geotechnical Engineering: H. Ercan Taşan

This document discusses using finite element analysis to model a strip foundation in geotechnical engineering. It provides an example of modeling a rigid strip foundation experiencing 5 cm of settlement. The key steps are: 1) defining model parameters, 2) preprocessing including geometry, meshing, and element selection, 3) solving with load step options, and 4) postprocessing including writing output data to a file. The example demonstrates modeling the foundation as a plane strain problem and calculating soil stresses at different points due to the settlement.

Uploaded by

hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Finite Element Applications In Geotechnical Engineering

H. Ercan Taşan

25 October 2019
Contents

Strip Foundation Model


Numerical Example

Strip Foundation

Calculate the soil stresses at Points A, B and C due to 5 cm settlement of rigid strip foundation

EI 
0.6 m
A B C
5 cm

0.8 m 0.8 m

1.6 m
Constrained Modulus: Es = 5.0 MPa
Poisson Ratio:  = 0.3
Assumptions:
1. Rigid foundation
2. Homogeneous soil Free as well as mapped meshing!
3. Weightless soil and foundation
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

Modeling

Plane Strain

Axi-symmetry
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

Modeling

Rigid
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 2: Preprocessing

Geometry
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 1: Parameter Definition

Plane182 Plane183
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 2: Preprocessing

Meshing

Two main meshing methods: free and mapped

Free Mesh Mapped Mesh


 Has no element shape restrictions  Restricts element shapes to quadrilaterals for
 The mesh does not follow any pattern areas and hexahedra (bricks) for volumes.
 Suitable for complex shaped areas and  Typically has a regular pattern with obvious
volumes rows of elements.
 Suitable only for regular areas and volumes
such as rectangles and bricks.
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 2: Preprocessing

Mapped Mesh

Concatenation creates a new line that is a combination of two or more lines, thereby
reducing the number of lines making up the area.
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 2: Preprocessing

Mapped Mesh

Command: LCCAT

Concatenates multiple lines into one line for mapped meshing.

Data Input: LCCAT, NL1, NL2


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 2: Preprocessing

Free Mesh

Command: EREFINE

Refines the mesh around specified elements.

Data Input: EREFINE, NE1, NE2, NINC, LEVEL, DEPTH, POST, R


ETAIN
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 3: Solution

Load Step Options

Command: NSUBST

Specifies the number of substeps to be taken this load step

Data Input: NSUBST, NSBSTP, NSBMX, NSBMN, Carry


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 3: Solution

Load Step Options

Command: DELTIM

Specifies the time step sizes to be used for the current load step

Data Input: DELTIM, DTIME, DTMIN, DTMAX, Carry


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 3: Solution

Load Step Options

Command: AUTOTS

Specifies whether to use automatic time stepping or load stepping.

Data Input: AUTOTS, Key


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 3: Solution

Load Step Options

Command: TIME

Sets the time for a load step

Data Input: TIME, TIME


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 3: Postprocessing

Writing data to a file

1. Define File

Command: *CFOPEN

Opens a "command" file.

Data Input: *CFOPEN, Fname, Ext, --, Loc


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

STEP 3: Postprocessing

Writing data to a file

2. Writing Data

Command: *VWRITE

Writes data to a file in a formatted sequence.

Data Input: *VWRITE, Par1, Par2, Par3, Par4, Par5, Par6, …


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation
STEP 3: Postprocessing

Writing data to a file

3. Describe Fortran Format


Format code letters

f real number, floating point format


e single precision real number, exponential notation

d double precision real number, exponential notation


i integer
a text string (character)
x space
/ vertical space (line feed)
t tab indicator
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation
STEP 3: Postprocessing

Writing data to a file

3. Describe Fortran Format


Examples
Stored Value Format Specifier Output
1.234567 f8.2 ^^^^1.23
0.00001 f5.3 0.000
-12345 i5 *****
-12345 i6 -12345
12345 i6 ^12345
0.00001234 e10.3 ^0.123E-04
0.0001234 e12.4 ^^0.1234E-03
1234567.89 e9.2 ^0.12E+07
aloha a8 ^^^aloha
1.23456789123D0 d17.10 ^0.1234567891E+01

(The "^" symbol indicates a blank)


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation
STEP 3: Postprocessing

Writing data to a file

Examples
x1=1.23668
y1=0.55689799
real numbers x1 and y1 printed in data.txt with 2
*cfopen,data,txt
spaces between, each using 10 places and 4
*vwrite, x1, y1
decimal places
(f10.4,2x,f10.4)
*cfclose
a1=1.23668
*cfopen,data,txt
string in quotes is printed, then the real number
*vwrite, a1
a1 is printed, using 8 places with 5 decimal places
("The area is: ",f8.5)
*cfclose
x1=1.236
y1=0.5568
z1=-1.2
3 double precision numbers x1, y1, z1 printed,
*cfopen,data,txt
each reserving 20 spaces, with 4 decimal places
*vwrite, x1, y1, z1
(3d20.4)
*cfclose
Numerical Example
Strip Foundation
STEP 3: Postprocessing

Writing data to a file

4. Close the command file

Command: *CFCLOS

Closes the "command" file.

Data Input: *CFCLOS


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

APDL Process Control

Command: *DO

Defines the beginning of a do-loop.

Data Input: *DO, Par, IVAL, FVAL, INC


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

APDL Process Control

Command: *ENDDO

Ends a do-loop and starts the looping action.

Data Input: *ENDDO


Numerical Example
Strip Foundation

APDL Process Control

*DO,i,1,5 ! For i = 1 to 5:

A(i)=i*5 !Array parameter must be defined previously


B(i)=Acos(i)

*ENDDO
Thank You!

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