Scribd
Upload
121 views

Worksheet - Entropy: Solids Liquids Gases

Entropy (S) is a measure of the dispersion of a system's energy among available energy levels, with more populated levels resulting from higher temperatures, volumes, and more complex substances and molecules. The document provides information on

Uploaded by

Hazel Ricalde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
121 views

Worksheet - Entropy: Solids Liquids Gases

Entropy (S) is a measure of the dispersion of a system's energy among available energy levels, with more populated levels resulting from higher temperatures, volumes, and more complex substances and molecules. The document provides information on

Uploaded by

Hazel Ricalde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Worksheet – Entropy

Entropy, S, is a measure of how dispersed or spread out a system’s energy is


among the available energy levels. The number of energy levels and how many
are populated depend on a number of factors.

 As temperature is increased more of the excited state energy levels will


be populated
Increasing temperature always increases entropy
 In gaseous system, increasing volume will increase the number of
trajectories (energy levels) available to molecules
Increasing volume will increase entropy for gases
 Phase changes (s  l  g) result in an increase in the energy levels
available to the molecules in a system
Ssolids < Sliquids << Sgases
 Change in the number of moles of gas means a large change in the
entropy of the system
n > 0  S > 0, n < 0  S < 0
 Molecules with more degrees of freedom have more energy levels
Increasing molecular complexity  increasing S
 Larger atoms (more electrons) have more closely spaced energy levels
Increasing atomic weight  increasing S

Shown below is the heating curve for water. It plots heat added to the system
(x-axis) versus temperature (y-axis).

specific heat capacity ice = 2.09 J/goC. Hfusion = 6.02 kJ/mol


specific heat capacity water = 4.18 J/goC Hvaporization = 40.7 kJ/mol
specific heat capacity steam = 2.00 J/goC

1. How much heat is given off when 10.00 g of H2O goes from steam at
110oC to ice at -10oC?
2. Draw the diagram for the temperature (x-axis) versus entropy (qr/T)
(y-axis) for water, going from -10oC to 110oC.
Label the phases (s, l and g). Indicate which changes are Hfusion/T and
Hvap/T.

3. Decide whether the entropy change of each of these systems is


positive, negative or impossible to determine without more information

a) 2H2O2 (aq)  2 H2O (aq) + O2 (g) + - ?

b) 4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g)  Al2O3 (s) + - ?

c) NaCl (s) + H2O(l)  Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + - ?

d) 2 HCl (g)  H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) + - ?

e) Increasing the pressure of gas at constant T + - ?

f) Cooling one mole of ideal gas + - ?

g) Expanding a gas into a vacuum + - ?

4. From each pair of substances below, choose the one with the higher
molar So, at 298 K

a) Hg (s), Hg (l) d) C2H6 (g), C2H4 (g)

b) HI (g), HCl (g) e) H2 (1 atm), H2 (2 atm), 1 mol at 298 K

c) NH3 (g), Ne (g) f) NaCl(s), NaCl (aq)


5. Calculate Suniverse for the process H2O (s)  H2O (l) given that
Hfusion = 6.02 kJ/mol and Ssystem = 22.1 J/K mol . Remember that
Ssurrounding = -Hsystem / T.

a) -20oC

b) 0oC

c) 20oC

6. Consider the following synthesis reaction:


N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g)  2 NH3 (g)
Decide which standard entropy (SO) corresponds to which chemical
species

Species So (kJ/K)
N2 (g) 192.5
H2 (g) 191.5
NH3 (g) 130.6

Calculate the Srxn

Does your answer make sense?

7. The melting of ice proceeds spontaneously at room T and 1 atm


pressure. What is the sign of each of the following?

a) q
b) E
c) H
d) S

8. Which of the following statements is false ?

a) S is negative when water condenses at 100oC

b) Ssurroundings is positive when water condenses at 100oC

c) Suniverse is equal to zero when water condenses at 990C

d) Suniverse increases when water condenses at 110oC

You might also like