Prism Compressive Strength Prism Testing - C1314

Compressive strength: 1. Build 2-unit high stack bond prism. Can be half units.
Designer states compressive strength, f′m. Compliance is verified by either: 2. Prism is sealed in moisture-tight bag until 2 days before testing.
A. Prism testing (ASTM C1314): Two unit high prism with full bedding 3. Grouting (if performed) is done between 24 and 48 hours after prism
construction.
B. Unit strength method: Spec Table 1 and Table 2
4. Do not disturb or move prisms for first 48 hours. Strap or clamp
prisms during transport.
Net area compressive Net area compressive 5. Cap with sulfur or high-strength gypsum cement. Age caps 2 hours
strength of clay units strength of CMU units
before testing. Average thickness of cap ≤ 1/8 in.
f′m (psi) (psi) f′m (psi) (psi)
6. Use bearing plate with thickness ≥ distance from edge of spherical
Type M or Type N Type M or Type N
S mortar mortar S mortar mortar
bearing to most distant corner of prism.
7. Align centroidal axes of prism with center of thrust of testing machine.
1,000 1,700 2,100 1,700 ---- 1,900
1,500 3,350 4,150 1,900 1,900 2,350 8. Correct strength for hp/tp ratio (hp = height or prism; tp = least lateral
2,000 4,950 6,200 2,000 2,000 2,650 dimension).
2,500 6,600 8,250 2,250 2,600 3,400
3,000 8,250 10,300 2,500 3,250 4,350 hp/tp 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0
3,500 9,900 ---- 2,750 3,900 ----
4,000 11,500 ---- 3,000 4,500 ---- Correction factor 0.75 0.86 1.0 1.04 1.07 1.15 1.22

Constitutive Properties 1 Constitutive Properties 2

Constitutive Properties Example

Given: 10 ft high wall built with Type S mortar and is subjected to a
Modulus of Elasticity (4.2.2.2.1):
compressive load of 300 psi.
Clay: Em  700 f m CMU: Em  900 f m Grout: E g  500 f g
Required: Long term deformation of a CMU and of a clay masonry wall
Chord modulus from 5% to 33% of f’m
Item CMU Clay Masonry
Shear Modulus (4.2.2.2.2): Ev  0.4 Em   0.25
Elastic Strain -300psi/1.80x106psi= -300psi/2.05x106psi=
-0.000167 -0.000146
Creep (4.2.6): Clay: 0.7x10-7/psi CMU: 2.5x10-7/psi
Creep Strain -300psi(2.5x10-7/psi) = -300psi(0.7x10-7/psi) =
-0.000075 -0.000021
Masonry Unit Strength Prism Strength (psi) Modulus of Elasticity (psi) Shrinkage Strain 0.5(-3.3x10-4) = -0.000165
Type (psi) M or S N mortar M or S N mortar Moisture Expansion 0.000300
mortar mortar
Total Strain -0.000407 +0.000133
Clay 8000 2920 2440 2.05x106 1.70x106
Deformation of wall -0.048 inch +0.016 inch
Concrete 2000 2000 1740 1.80x106 1.57x106
Strength design requires prism strength of 1500 psi (9.1.9.1.1) Total differential movement about 1/16 inch
Constitutive Properties 3 Constitutive Properties 4
 Reinforcing Steel Development and Splice Length
(8.1.6.3, 9.3.3.3)
Joint reinforcement: (6.1.2.3)
Designation Diameter (in) Area (in2)
>W1.1 (adequate crack control)
0.13d f y
2
Development
lde   12in.
b
W1.1 (11 gage) 0.121 0.011 Length (in)
W1.7 (9 gage) 0.148 0.017 ≤ 1/2 joint thickness (free flow of K f m Bar Size
W2.1 (8 gage) 0.162 0.020 mortar around wire) 8 in. 12 in.
W2.8 (3/16 wire) 0.187 0.027
K = min{masonry cover, clear CMU CMU
W4.9 (1/4 wire) 0.250 0.049 Joint reinforcement cover (6.1.4.2) spacing between adjacent 3 12 12
#3 0.375 0.11 ≥ 1/2 in. not exposed to weather splices, 9db}
#4 0.500 0.20 ≥ 5/8 in. exposed to weather 4 12* 12
#5 0.625 0.31
#6 0.750 0.44 =1.0 (#3 - #5) 5 20* 12*
#7 0.875 0.60 Reinforcing bar cover (6.1.4.1) =1.3 (#6, #7) 6 37* 24*
#8 1.000 0.79 ≥ 11/2 in. not exposed to weather =1.5 (#8, #9;
#9 1.128 1.00 ≥ 11/2 in. exposed to weather, 7 52* 32*
#10 1.270 1.27 #10, #11 ASD)
#11 1.410 1.56 #5 or smaller 8 79* 49*
≥ 2 in. exposed to weather, 9 103* 64*
Two bars may be bundled (6.1.3.4) larger than #5
2-#3 can replace a #4; 2-#4 give 90% of f′m = 2000 psi, fy=60 ksi, bars centered in wall
area of #6
* denotes K is controlled by masonry cover
Strength design prohibits bundling (9.3.3.6)
Constitutive Properties 5 Constitutive Properties 6

Splice Length - Transverse Splice Lengths with Transverse Steel

• Reinforcement of #3 bar or larger placed transversely within lap 8 in. CMU, f′m = 2000 psi, fy=60 ksi, bars centered in wall
• One transverse bar 8 in. or less from each end of lap
• Clear space between transverse and lapped bars ≤ 1.5 in.
Bar Size Development Length (in)
• Reduce lap length by ς
• Reduced lap length not less than 36db Confinement None #3 #4 #5
3 12 14 14 14
2.3 Asc
  1.0  Example: #6 splice, 8 in. CMU,
4 12 18 18 18
d b2.5 #3 transverse bars
5 20 23 23 23
Asc = area of transverse
  1.0 

2.3 0.11in2

 0.481 6 37 27 27 27
bars at each end of
splice, not taken greater
0.75in 2.5 7 52 33 32 32
than 0.35in2 8 79 59 43 36
Splice length = 0.481(37.1in.) = 17.8 in.
9 103 83 68 49
Min. splice length = 36(0.75in.) = 27 in.
Use 27 in.

Constitutive Properties 7 Constitutive Properties 8

 Hooks Mechanical Splices
Hook provides equivalent tensile embedment of 13db (8.1.6.5, 9.3.3.2).

12db Zap Screwlock

BPI Barsplicer; uses standard
4db, 2.5 in minimum coarse threads on rebar
Lenton Standard
Couplers; uses
patented taper
Splices threads

• Welded splice, develop 1.25fy (8.1.6.7.5.2, 9.3.3.4(c))

• Mechanical splice, develop 1.25fy (8.1.6.7.5.3, 9.3.3.4(d)) Cadweld exothermic
welded splices;
Noncontact splices: (8.1.6.7.1.3, 9.3.3.3.1) Spaced transversely no internally grooved
BPI Grip System; hydraulic press
sleeve is filled with
more than 1/5 lap length or 8 in. cold-swages coupling onto bar
CADWELD filler
material.

Constitutive Properties 9 Constitutive Properties 10

Embedded Conduits, Pipes, and Sleeves Mandatory Requirements Checklist

(3.2.2)
Section/Part/Article Notes to Architect/Engineer
PART 1 - GENERAL
• Space not more than 3 diameters on center 1.4. A Compressive Strength Specify f′m except for veneer and glass unit masonry.
• Should not displace more than 2% of cross Requirements

section in columns and pilasters 1.4 B.2 Unit strength method Specify when strength of grout is to be determined by test.
• Do not embed aluminum unless coated 1.6 Quality assurance Define the submittal reporting and review procedure.
• Electrical fields from conduits make the 1.6 A.1 Testing Agency’s services and Specify which of Tables 3, 4, or 5 applies to the project. Specify
problem worse duties which portions of masonry were designed in accordance with
the veneer or glass unit masonry provisions and are, therefore,
1.6 B.1 Inspection Agency’s services exempt from verification of f′m.
and duties

Constitutive Properties 11 Constitutive Properties 12

 Mandatory Requirements Checklist Mandatory Requirements Checklist
Section/Part/Article Notes to Architect/Engineer Section/Part/Article Notes to Architect/Engineer
PART 2 - PRODUCTS PART 3 - EXECUTION

2.1 Mortar materials Specify type, color, and cementitious materials to be used in 3.3 D.2-4 Pipes and conduits Specify sleeve sizes and spacing.
mortar and mortar to be used for the various parts of the
project and the type of mortar to be used with each type of 3.3 D.5 Accessories Specify accessories not indicated on the project drawings.
masonry unit.
3.3 D.6 Movement joints Indicate type and location of movement joints on the project
2.3 Masonry unit materials Specify the masonry units to be used for the various parts of the drawings.
projects.
3.4 B.11 Placement tolerances Indicate d distance for beams on drawings or as a schedule in
2.4 Reinforcement, and metal Specify type and grade of reinforcement, connectors, and the project specifications.
accessories accessories.
3.4 E Veneer anchors Specify type of anchor required.
2.4 E Stainless steel Specify when stainless steel joint reinforcement, anchors, ties,
and/or accessories are required.

2.4 F Coating for corrosion protection Specify the types of corrosion protection that are required for
each portion of the masonry construction.

2.5 E Joint fillers Specify size and shape of joint fillers.

Constitutive Properties 13 Constitutive Properties 14

Optional Requirements Checklist

Section/Part/Article Notes to Architect/Engineer
PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.6 A Mortar Specify if hand mixing is allowed and the method of

measurement of material.
PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.2 C Wetting of masonry units Specify when units are to be wetted.

3.3 A Bond pattern Specify bond pattern if not running bond.

3.3 B.1 Bed and head joints Specify thickness and tooling differing from TMS 602/ACI
530.1/ASCE 6.

3.3 B.3 Hollow units Specify when cross webs are to be mortar bedded.

3.3 E.2 Embedded items and Specify locations where sleeves are required for pipes or
accessories conduits.

Articles preceded by “Unless otherwise required”

• Required to be followed by the contractor unless the Engineer / Architect
specifically deletes them.
• The default is to FOLLOW them.
Constitutive Properties 15