1) Powder Blender. 2) Die Used For Compaction. 3) Sintering Furnace

This document discusses composite materials made from aluminum and boron carbide (Al-B4C) using powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy involves blending powders, compacting them in a die, and sintering the compact to form a final material. The goal is to develop Al-B4C hybrid nano composites with different percentages of B4C reinforcement and study their microstructure, hardness, and tensile behavior. This will provide information on optimizing the reinforcement content to improve material properties for structural applications.

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1) Powder Blender. 2) Die Used For Compaction. 3) Sintering Furnace

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sameeksha

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INTRODUCTION

A composite material is material system which is consisting of two or more constituent materials
with significantly different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with
characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and
distinct within the finished structure, differentiating composites from mixtures and solid solutions. Many
composite materials are composed of just two phases, one is termed the matrix, which is continuous and
surrounds the other phase often called dispersed phase. Composite materials are generally used in structural
application, marine application and aero-space application.

Aluminium makes up about 8% of earth’s crust it is the third most abundant element after oxygen
and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust. This is less common in mantle below. The Chief ore of
aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is highly reactive. Aluminium is remarkable for its low density and
its ability to resist corrosion through phenomenon of passivation. Aluminium is almost always alloyed
which significantly improves its mechanical properties.

Boron carbide (chemical formula approximately B4C) is an extremely hard boron–

carbon ceramic and covalent material used in tank armor, bulletproof vests, engine sabotage powders, as
well as numerous industrial applications. With a Vickers Hardness of >30 GPa, it is one of the hardest
known materials, behind cubic boron nitride and diamond.

Powder metallurgy is also used to make unique materials impossible to get from melting or forming
in other ways. The powder metallurgy press and sinter process generally consists of three basic steps:
1) Powder blending (pulverization).

2) Die compaction.

3) Sintering.

Compaction is generally performed at room temperature, and the elevated-temperature process of

sintering is usually conducted at atmospheric pressure and under carefully controlled atmosphere
composition. Optional secondary processing such as coining or heat treatment often follows to obtain special
properties or enhanced precision.

1) Powder blender. 2) Die used for compaction. 3) Sintering furnace.

ABSTRACT

Ceramic Borides, carbides and nitrides usually have high melting points and strength, Chemical
inertness and very good oxidation resistance those of which can be used in extreme environment such as
structural applications. In this present, study it is proposed to synthesize Al-B4 C hybrid nano composite by
powder metellurgy technique. It is planned to synthesize composites by varying the percentage of adding
reinforcement phase. Synthesized composite sample specimens are used to study microstructures and
mechanical properties also compare the performance of different composites and optimize the reinforcement
phase to be added.

OBJECTIVES

 To understand powder metallurgy process of reinforcement material and matrix material for
hybrid ceramic composites.
 To prepare unformly mixed Al-B4C powder blend by mechanical milling.
 To optimize process parameters and reinforcement percentage.
 To develop Al-B4C hybrid nano compsites by adding different percentage of reinforcement.
 To study morphology of developed composites using optical microscope images and SEM
(scaning electron microscope).
 To investigate hardness of different composites.
 To investigate tensile behaviour of developed composites.
REFERENCES:

1. Kaufman, L. and Clougherty, E. V. “Investigation of Boride Compounds for Very High Temperature
Applications,” RTD-TRD-N63-4096, Part III, ManLabs Inc., Cambridge, MA, (March 1966).
2. Clougherty, E. V, Kalish, D. and Peters, E. T. “Research and Development of Refractory Oxidaton
Resistant Diborides,” AFML-TR-68-190, ManLabs Inc., Cambridge, MA, (1968).
3. Gangler, J. J. “NASA Research on Refractory Compounds,” High Temp. High Press. [3] 487–502
(1971).
4. Courtright, E. L., Graham, H. C., Katz, A. P. and Kerans, R. J. “Ultra High Temperature Assessment
Study – Ceramic Matrix Composites,” AFWAL-TR-91-4061, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
(1992).
5. Cutler, R. A. “Engineering Properties of Borides,” in ASTM Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 4
– Ceramics and Glasses, Schneider, S. J., technical chairman, p. 787–803 (1991).

6. Guillermet, A. F. and Grimvall, G. “Phase Stability Properties of Transition Metal Diborides,” Am. I
nst. Phy. Conf. Proc., [231] 423–431 (1991).