Master Businnes Administration
Master Businnes Administration
Purchase
MBA program
June, 2010
Addis Ababa University
Faculty of Business and Economics
MBA program
Title: “Attitude of AAU Community toward Insurance Service Purchase”
BY: Tamiru Negi
Approved by board of examiners:
______________________ ___________________
Advisor Signature
______________________ ___________________
Examiner Signature
______________________ ___________________
Examiner Signature
______________________ ___________________
Examiner Signature
LETTER OF CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that Tamiru Negi has carried out his project work on the topic “Attitude of AAU
Community toward Insurance Service Purchase” under my supervision. This work is original in
its nature and it is suitable for Submission in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of Masters Degree in Business Administration (MBA)
___________________
Zewdie Shibre (PhD)
(Advisor)
DECLARATION
I declare that this project work entitled “Attitude of AAU Community toward Insurance Service
Purchase” is my own original work. I have carried out it independently with the guidance and
suggestions of the research advisor. And it has not been presented in Addis Ababa University or
any other University.
Tamiru Negi ___________________
(The Researcher) Signature
supports throughout my life. Next to God, I owe a real debt of gratitude to my advisor Dr.
Zewdie Shibre who took his time and patiently gave me important information and valuable
suggestions right from the start of the study to its completion.
I owe a special gratitude to Ato Nigussie Bedada, my brother Diriba Negi and my friends
Eshetu Tsige, Yetay Berhanu and Habtamu Gemede for their important idea, support and
valuable advice.
My sincere and heartfelt gratitude goes to all AAU Academic staffs, Administrative/ supportive
employees and Graduate students for their patient cooperation.
Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to all people who deserve credit but their
names were not mentioned.
Table of contents
Contents page
Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………………………………….i
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………...
…..ii
List of tables …………………………………………………………………………..……...
…..iv
List of figures…………………………………………………………………………….
………..v
Acronyms…………………………………………………………………………………………vi
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………...
…...vii
Chapter One
1. Introduction……………………………………………..……………………………………..1
1.1. Background of the study…….………………………………….…….
……………………...2
1.2. Statement of the problem.……………………………………...………………………..
…...2
1.3. Objective of the study..............................................................................................………....2
1.3.1. General objective…………………………………………..……………………….….2
1.3.2. Specific objectives…………………………………………………………………….…....3
Table 1.1 Population of the four faculties
Table 1.2 Sample size determination methods
Table 1.3 Sample from each faculty
Table 3.1 Respondents Profile
Table 3.2 frequency of Insurance policy owners and nonowners
Table 3.3 Type of insurance service purchased by AAU community
Table 3.4 Factors influence respondents to purchasing insurance
Table 3.5 Benefits respondents get from purchasing insurance
Table 3.6 Intention of insurance buyers
Table 3.7 Feelings of insurance buyers
Table 3.8 Importance of insurance for people
Table 3.9 Believes of insurance buyers
Table 3.10 Reasons for not purchasing insurance service
Table 3.11 Intention of nonbuyers to buy insurance
Table 3.12 Types of insurance to be purchased
Table 3.13 Importance of insurance for people
Table 3.14 Believe of noninsurance buyers
List of figures
Figure Education level
Figure insurance buyers and nonbuyers
Figure 3 Education level and Insurance buyers and nonbuyers
Figure 4 Income level and Insurance buyers and nonbuyers
Figure 5 Job category and Insurance buyers and nonbuyers
Figure 6 Intention of insurance buyers
Figure 7 Reasons for not purchasing insurance
Figure 8 Intention of nonbuyers to buy insurance
Figure 9 Time in which respondents intend to purchase insurance
Acronyms
AAU: Addis Ababa University
FBE: Faculty of Business and Economics
MBA: Masters of Business Administration
Abstract
Insurance is one of the risk management techniques that provide protection against a financial
loss arising from the occurrence of unexpected events. It is financial service that provides
individuals and the economy as a whole with a number of important financial services and plays
important psychological and social roles of freeing people from worrying. Purchasing insurance
However, in Ethiopia despite the increase of insurance companies, insurance is one of the most
overlooked and considerable unexploited potential and also little researches has been conducted
on the insurance consumption and attitude of people toward insurance. The main purpose of this
study was to examine AAU communities’ attitude towards insurance services and to understand
their intention to purchase insurance. The researcher was used survey method and quantitative
data analysis. Statistical methods were employed to analyses data and present the results. The
participants in this study were AAU academic staffs, administrative /supportive employees and
graduate students. To achieve the objective of the study, data was collected from primary sources
through structured questionnaires distributed to the respondents. The findings of the study
revealed that majority of AAU communities have no insurance policy coverage and also have no
intention to purchase in the future due to economic problem/ inability to pay insurance premium.
Thus, this indicates that AAU community has negative attitude toward insurance service
purchase.
Chapter One
Introduction
1. Background of the Study
The future is uncertain for everyone, exposed to many risks, and risks are inevitable part of
everyday life. Every asset has an associated cost. These assets are automobiles, buildings,
Equipment, Furniture, Material, Personnel, financial impact etc and exposed to different risks.
Understanding risk and application of risk management techniques is a very important aspect to
effectively deal with uncertainty and associated risk (Hoffman, 2002). Insurance is one of the
risk management techniques that provide protection against a financial loss arising from the
occurrence of these unexpected events (Teklegiorgis Assefa, 2004). By purchasing insurance
policies, individuals can receive reimbursement for losses due to car accidents, theft of property,
and fire; medical expenses and loss of income due to disability or death (William, etal, 1998).
Life insurance policies provide financial protection to beneficiaries, usually spouses and
dependent children, upon the death of the insured prematurely (the breadwinner of the family). It
is a safeguard for family members if the major supplier of income was to die and it was to disable
to perform the common means for providing the basics of life. Disability insurance supplies a
preset income to an insured person who is unable to work due to injury or illness, and health
insurance pays medical expenses resulting from accidents and illness. (Teklegiorgis Assefa,
2004). Property insurance protects against loss or damage to property resulting from hazards
such as fire, theft, and others. Liability insurance protects policyholders from financial
responsibility for injuries to others or for damage to other people's property. Vehicles insurance
covers people from having to pay large sums of money in damages out of personal finances when
they are liable for the accident. Most policies, such as automobile and homeowner's insurance,
combine both property and liability coverage (Rejda .G, 2008).
In general, Insurance policies are financial services that provide individuals and the economy as
a whole with a number of important financial services. Insurance is a way of dealing with risk
and a saving medium for consumers. It also plays important psychological and social roles of
freeing people from worrying.
2. Statement of the Problem
Insurance plays an important role in sharing the risks of people in an affordable form. It helps the
people to recover from damages and losses (http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sadaf_Shahid
). In
Ethiopia, Even though the insurance business in its modern application is a recent phenomenon,
the numbers of insurance companies have increased significantly over the last two decades
(Hailu Zeleke, 2007). Despite this increase of insurance companies, Insurance is one of the most
overlooked and considerable unexploited potential in Ethiopia. Moreover, very little researches
have been conducted on the insurance consumption and attitude of people toward insurance in
Ethiopia. However, research on consumer attitudes is important because it forms the basis for
understanding consumer attitude, predicting and influences them. Thus, it is on this base that the
researcher was conducted this study.
Therefore, with reference to AAU community, the study will address basic questions like:
Do AAU members have insurance policy?
What factors do influence them to purchase insurance?
What are the reasons for not purchasing it? (if any)
Do members of AAU community who did not purchase insurance have the intention to
purchase?
3. Objective
3.1. General objective
The main objective of the study was to examine AAU communities’ attitude towards insurance
services and to understand their intention to purchase insurance. In addition to this, to give
necessary information and recommendations based on the finding, if any.
3.2. Specific Objectives
The specific objectives of the study were:
To assess whether AAU communities have insurance protection
To investigate the benefits they get by purchasing insurance
To examine the intention of AAU communities have to purchase insurance
To investigate factors influencing them to purchasing insurance
To investigate the reasons for not purchasing insurance, if any.
4. Definition of key terms
Insured/ policyholder is the person or entity buying the insurance
Insurer is a company selling the insurance
Hazard: is a condition that increases the chance of a loss arising from a given peril.
Peril: is the cause of loss
Risk: is a variation in the outcome that could occur over a specific period in a give situation.
Uncertainty: refers to a state of mind characterized by doubt, based on a lack of knowledge
about what will or will not happen in the future.
5. Significance of the study
Only few studies have been conducted to assess insurance in Ethiopia, there is no local study that
has attempted to investigate consumers’ attitude towards insurance. Thus, this study was
conducted with the intention that the result obtained from this study will contribute to the
understanding of a neglected topic and use as a valuable feedback for individuals to evaluate their
practices as well as to improve and bring changes. In addition to this, it will use as an input for
other individuals who intend to conduct further studies in this area.
6. Delimitation/ Scope of the study
Even though AAU has many faculties, this study was focus only on four faculties (Business and
Economics (FBE), Education, Technology and Science Faculties’ Academic staffs,
Administrative/supportive employees and Graduate students) conveniently selected since it is
very difficult to assess all campuses due to time and financial constraints. Moreover,
undergraduate students were not included in the study as they might not be potential customers of
insurance. In addition to this, insurance is a broad topic, and this paper covered only personal
life, property and liability insurance rather than commercial insurances.
7. Limitations of the study
The main limitation of the study was time constraint, that is, the time given was too short to
conduct the study. The other limitation was the refusal of some respondents to fill the
questionnaires, especially academic staffs, negligence of some respondents to respond to the
questionnaire timely were among the various problems encountered by the researcher during his
study.
8. Research Methodology
8.1. Research design
For the study a survey method and quantitative analysis was employed mainly based on primary
data obtained from primary sources. The research used questionnaires survey. A set of structured
questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. Additional information were collected from
the Internet, books and other materials
8.2. The study Population and Sample
The total population of AAU community members of all faculties are 51, 970. Out of these 2,549
are Academic staffs, 5,186 are Administrative/supportive employees, 6,984 are Postgraduate and
37,251 are undergraduate students. The samples in this survey consisted of the customers who
have purchased insurance and the potential customers who have not purchased insurance. As a
result, the samples of this study were academic staffs, administrative/supportive employees and
graduate students. From AAU colleges/ faculties four faculties (Business and Economics,
Education, Technology and Science) were selected through a convenience sampling method as a
sample and the populations of these sample faculties are shown in the table below.
Table 1.1 Population of the four faculties
College/ faculty
Members Total
Business and Educatio Technology Science
Economics n
(Source: AAU record and registrar office)
8.2.1. Sample Size Determination method
As cited by Zelalem (2005) the sample size determination method developed by Carvalho (1984)
is presented in table below.
Table 1.2 Sample size determination methods
Population size Sample size
low medium High
5190 5 13 20
91150 8 20 32
151280 13 32 50
281500 20 50 80
5011200 32 80 125
12013200 50 125 200
320110000 80 200 315
1000135000 125 315 500
35001150000 200 500 800
(Source: Zelalem, 2005)
As indicated above the population size of the study were 4,642 which ranges between 3,201
10,000 according to Carvalho’s sample size determination indicated in table 1.2. Thus, since
taking large sample size is costly and time consuming, medium sample size was taken for this
study.
Accordingly, from the faculties’ population 211 samples were taken as a sample based on
Carvalho (1984) sample size determination method. Once the total sample size was determined,
the appropriate samples from each faculty also determined by using the above method to give
equal weights for each faculty. Accordingly, the samples from each faculty were:
Table 1.3 Sample from each faculty
College/ faculty Percentage
Members Total (%)
Business and Education Technology Science
Economics
Academic staffs 5 8 13 13 39 18.48
Administrative staffs 5 5 8 8 26 12.32
Graduate students 32 50 32 32 146 69.20
Total 42 63 53 53 211
Percentage (%) 19.90 29.86 25.12 25.12 100
Source: Table 1.1
8.3. Sources of data and data gathering techniques
So as to achieve the objective of this study primary data was used. The sample of study were
Business and Economics, Education, Technology and Science faculties’ academic staff,
administrative/supportive employees and graduate students. As stated above, the study included
211 AAU community members from different age, marital status, income and educational levels
(012 grade complete to PHD holders) as sample unit. That is, the samples consist of 39 (18.48%)
Academic staffs with educational levels of diploma, Bachelor Degree, Masters Degree and PhD,
26(12.32%) Administrative/supportive employees that have different educational levels: 012
grade complete, certificate, diploma, Bachelor and Degree holders and 146 (69.20%) Graduate
students. The primary data was collected through questionnaires randomly distributed to these
sample respondents.
8.4. Data Presentation and Analysis
In order to present and analysis the data of this study, descriptive statistics such as tables,
frequency distributions as well as pie chart, bar graph, table and percentage were used to give a
condensed picture of the data.
9. Organization of the paper
The paper contained four chapters. The first chapter was covered background of the study, where
the objective and purpose of the study were discussed. The second chapter was deal with the
review of related literature where some specific and general factors related to the objective of the
study were presented. Chapter three was deal with data presentation and analysis. And the last
chapter was deal with the conclusion and recommendation part.
Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
1. Definition of attitude
There is no single definition of attitude. Different scholars defined it in different ways. Many
theorists defined it as ‘a predisposition to respond’. Attitudes are generally positive or negative
views of a person, place, thing, or event and this predisposition will learned over time either by
individuals using an object and gaining experience or by them receiving information about the
object. (Yusuf Tajudeen O.et al, 2009)
As cited in Yusuf Tajudeen O.et al (2009); Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000, defined attitude as a
learned disposition to behave in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way with respect to a
given object.
According to Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980; cited in Omar Ogenyi E., (2007), an attitude is a
hypothetical construct that represents an individual's degree of like or dislike for an item. And
attitudes are complex systems made up of three components. These are;
a. The behavioral intention which is a verbal indication or typical behavioral tendency of an
individual
b. The affective response which is an emotional response that expresses an individual's
degree of preference for an entity and
c. The cognitive component which refer to the person’s behavioral tendencies.
1.1. Purchasing behavior
As cited by Omar Ogenyi E. (2007); Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980, Purchase (behavioral) intention is
a function of attitude toward the behavior in question and the subjective norm. Attitude toward
the behavior is the degree to which the person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the
behavior in question. Subjective norm is the influence of perceived social pressures in respect to
performing or not performing the behavior in question and the individual’s motivation to comply
with these pressures. And an individual’s intentions to perform a specific act, with respect to a
given stimulus object, in a given situation, is a function of the following:
(i) The individual’s beliefs about the consequences of performing a particular behavior (in a
given situation), that is, the probability that the behavior will lead to some consequences
(ii) The individual’s evaluations of those beliefs, that is, the person’s evaluation of multiple
consequences
(iii) Normative belief, that is, what the person believes others think he should do in this situation
and
(iv) The individual’s motivation to comply with what others think should be done.
For the purpose of this study, this idea is appropriate and taken as a base.
2. Definition of Insurance
There is no single definition of insurance. Scholars and writers have given various definition of
insurance from different perspective (Hailu Zeleke, 2007).
From an individual point of view, insurance is an economic device whereby the individual
substitutes a small certain cost (the premium) for a large uncertain financial loss (the contingency
insured against) that would exist if it were not for insurance. (Redje Georg E., 2008)
From the social point of view, insurance is an economic device for reducing and eliminating risk
through the process of combining a sufficient number of homogeneous exposures into a group to
make the losses predictable for the group as a whole. (Redje Georg E., 2008)
According to Teklegiogis Assefa (2004), Insurance is the protection against financial loss
provided by an insurer. This paper will consider primarily this definition.
3. Development of Insurance in Ethiopia
The Insurance business in Ethiopia in its modern application is a recent phenomenon and traced
to the Bank of Abyssinia which was established in 1905 as the first Ethiopian bank. (Hailu
Zeleke, 2007)
As cited in Hailu Zeleke(2007), Haile Michael Kumsa(1992) and Belai Giday(1987), the bank
had been acting as an agent for a foreign insurance company to underwrite Fire and Marine
polices.
According to Haile Michael kumisa(1992), an Australian called Weinsinger came to Ethiopia in
1923 to serve as an agent for a Swiss Company called La Baloise Fire Insurance Company. For
the first time in Ethiopia, the company paid compensation to accident in 1929 for damage to ware
house and shop caused by fire. (Cited in Hailu Zeleke, 2007)
Beginning from this time until the Italian invasion of 1936 some foreign insurance companies
were operating through their agents. During the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 19361941,
Italian insurance companies operated and nonItalian companies were closed down.(Teklegiorgis
Assefa, 2004)
There were many foreign insurance companies undertaking insurance business in Ethiopia
through agents prior to 1951 and most of these insurance companies started insurance business in
Ethiopia after 1941. The first domestic insurance company, namely, Imperial Insurance Company
of Ethiopia Ltd was established in 1951. Thereafter, until 1960 one domestic and numerous
foreign insurance companies represented by agents were operating insurance business in
Ethiopia. (Hailu Zeleke, 2007)
In 1962, the Central Statistic Office conducted a survey of insurance companies operating in
Ethiopia. The survey covered 34 companies in total. Two of the companies, Imperial Insurance
Company and the National Ethiopian Insurance Company, were registered as domestic
companies. The rest were foreign companies represented by a total of 18 agents. (Hailu Zeleke,
2007)
Due to some competition and malpractices of insurers and complaints on the insurance industry,
the Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce conducted a survey in 1967. The survey revealed that
there were 30 foreign companies operating either through branches or agents and 10 domestic
companies in the insurance business. The chamber of commerce in its report recommended that a
detailed legislation to control the practice of insurance business be enacted. (Teklegiorgis Assefa,
2004)
In order to direct and control the insurance business, a law (proclamation No. 281/1970) was
passed. Prior to this law, the Commercial code of Ethiopia of 1960, articles 654712 tried to
define the insurance contracts and the rights and duties of the contracting parties. Proclamation
No. 281/1970 gave the responsibility of controlling the insurance business to the Ministry of
Trade and Industry. The objective was to encourage and control the insurance business and to
formulate policies that enhance insurance and investment. (Teklegiorgis Assefa, 2004
3.1. Nationalization of the Insurance Company
In 1974, the military government came to power and nationalized all the insurance companies
that were operating in the county. The boards of the nationalized companies were dissolved and a
new provisional Insurance Board was set up. The nationalized companies were operating
independently but all were required to report to the Provisional Insurance Board.
The Ethiopian Insurance Corporation was established under proclamation No. 68/1975 by
nationalizing all the private insurance companies. The assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of
the nationalized private insurance companies were transferred to the Ethiopian Insurance
Corporation. The Corporation operated as a sole insurance organization until 1994. The purposes
of the corporation were:
To engage in all classes of insurance business in Ethiopia;
To ensure that insurance services reach the broad masses of the people and
To promote efficient utilization of both material and financial insurance resources.
(Teklegiorgis Assefa, 2004)
3.2. Insurance business in Ethiopia since 1991
Following the change of government in 1991, a new economic policy that increased the role of
the private sector in the economy was formulated. A new and comprehensive law to regulate the
licensing process and supervision of insurance business was promulgated by the Transitional
Government of Ethiopia under proclamation No. 86/1994. Under this legislation, the task of
licensing and supervision of insurance business was given to the National Bank of Ethiopia.
The law allowed private companies whose capital is wholly owned by Ethiopian nationals and/or
organizations wholly owned by Ethiopian nationals and having their head office in Ethiopia to
engage in insurance business. (Teklegiorgis Assefa, 2004)
Following the 1994 insurance proclamation, the private sector got an opportunity to engage in
insurance business and a number of private insurance companies were established. (Hailu Zeleke,
2007)
As a result, currently there are many insurance companies in Ethiopia which provide different
types of insurance services classified as general and long term insurance to the people.
4. Types of Insurance
There are many types of insurance products. These are:
4.1. Property Insurance
Property insurance is an insurance coverage that indemnifies property owners against financial
losses that result from the physical damage, destruction or theft of the property caused by various
perils.
4.1.1. Types of property Insurance
A. Fire Insurance
Fire insurance is insurance policy that designed to indemnify the insured for loss of, or damage
to, buildings/ home, furniture, fixture or other personal property as a result of fire, lightning and
windstorm. There are two basic approaches with respect to the perils for which coverage is
provided. Under the first approach, called “namedperil coverage,” the specific perils against
which protection is provided are listed in the policy and coverage applies only for damage arising
out of the listed perils. Under the second approach, called “openperil coverage,” the policy lists
the perils for which coverage is not provided and loss from any peril not excluded is covered.
(Harrington, Scott E. and Gregory R. Niehaus, 1999)
B. Automobile Insurance
Automobile insurance is an insurance coverage that provides protection against physical damage
to automobile and potential liability arising out of auto accidents that cause property damage or
bodily injury to others. Most automobile insurance contracts are schedule contracts that permit
the insured to purchase both property and liability insurances under one policy. Auto insurance
would typically cover both property risk (covering the risk of theft or damage to the car) and
liability risk (covering legal claims from causing an accident). (Teklegiogis Assefa, 2004)
4.2. Liability Insurance
Liability insurance is a very broad superset that covers legal claims against the insured. Liability
insurance covers the insured’s legal liability arising out of property damage or bodily injury to
other. Liability insurance contracts obligate the insurer to pay amounts the insured becomes
legally obligated to pay as a result of covered injury to others. In addition, the insurer is obligated
to provide legal defense services for the insured against liability claims to which the coverage
applies. (William, etal, 1998)
4.3. Life Insurance
Life insurance is an insurance coverage that provides a monetary benefit to a decedent's family or
other designated beneficiary, and may specifically provide for income to an insured person's
family. Life insurance policies often allow the option of having the proceeds paid to the
beneficiary either in a lump sum cash payment or in an annuity. The primary purpose of life
insurance is to protect financially the insured’s family in the event of the insured’s premature
death. Premature death is the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial
obligations, such as dependents to support, children to educate and other debt. Premature death
can cause serious financial problems to the surviving family members, unless they have other
source of fund, since their share of the deceased breadwinner’s earning is lost forever.( (William,
etal, 1998)
4.3.1. Financial impact of premature death in different types of families
A. Single people
Premature death of single people without no dependents to support or other financial obligations
is not likely to create a financial problem for other. Other than needing a modest amount of life
insurance for funeral expenses and uninsured medical bills, this group does not need large
amounts of life insurance. One exception is a single divorced parent who has child support
obligations; premature death can create a serious financial problem for the surviving children.
B. Singleparent families
Premature death of the single parent can cause great economic insecurity for the surviving
children. The need for large amount of insurance on the family head is great.
C. Two incomeearners with children
In twoincome families with children, the death of one income earner can cause considerable
economic insecurity for the surviving family members, because both incomes are necessary to
maintain the family’s standard of living. Both income earners need substantial amount of life
insurance. However, in two income families without children, premature death of one income
earner is not likely cause economic insecurity for the surviving spouse. Thus, the need for large
amount of life insurance by income earners within this group is considerably less.
D. Traditional families
Traditional families are families in which only one parent is income earner and other parent stays
at home to take care of dependent children. Thus, the income earner parent need substantial
amount of life insurance.
E. Sandwiched families
A sandwiched family is one in which a son or daughter with children provides financial support
or other service to one or both parents. Thus, the son or the daughter is “sandwiched” between
the younger and older generation. A working spouse in a sandwiched family needs a substantial
amount of life insurance. (Redje Georg E., 2008)
4.3.1. Types of life insurance
There are many different types of life insurance policies. The major types of insurance contracts
are term insurance, wholelife, endowment and annuities. (Black and Skipper, 2000)
1. Term insurance
A term life insurance policy is a contract that furnishes life insurance protection for a limited
number of years, the face value of the policy being payable only if death occurs within a
specified period and nothing being paid if the insured survives. That is, term insurance protects
the beneficiary if the insured dies within the term specified in the policy. If the insured lives to
the end of the term, the policy expires and no payment is made by the insurer. Term insurance
provides temporary protection. Common types of tem life insurance are 1year term, 5years
term, 10years term 20years term.
Term life insurance provides the insured different options. These are.
a. Renewable term policies allow the insured to continue the coverage up to a specified age
regardless of the status of the insured’s health or other relevant factors including occupation.
b. Convertible term life insurance policies allow the insured the option of converting the
policy to a whole life policy. (Teklegiogis Assefa, 2004)
2. Whole life insurance
Whole life insurance is a type of permanent insurance coverage that provides payment of the face
value upon the death of the insured, regardless of when it may occur. i.e. it promise to pay the
beneficiary whenever death occur. (William, etal, 1998)
3. Endowment insurance
An endowment insurance policy is life insurance coverage the pay the face amount of insurance
if the insured dies within a specified period; if the insured survives to the end of the endowment
period, the face amount is paid to the policy owner at that time. (Redje Georg E., 2008)
4. Health insurance
Health insurance is the type of insurance that provides indemnification for expenditures resulting
from loss of health. Health insurance is insurance against loss by sickness or bodily injury. The
most important health insurance coverage includes Medical expense insurance and Disability
income insurance.
Disability insurance policies provide financial support in the event the policyholder is unable to
work because of disabling illness or injury. Private disability insurance is sold in a variety of
plans to meet personal and business needs when the insured is unable to work and suffers a loss
of income as a result of sickness or injury. (Redje Georg E., 2008)
5. Benefits of Insurance to Society
The existence of insurance has great benefits to society. The major social and economic benefits
of insurance are:
A. Stability in Family
One of the greatest benefits with which an insurance system rewards society is stability in
families. Insurance prevents families from experiencing the great hardships caused by unexpected
losses of property or the premature death of the family income provider. Insurance allows
families to continue their activities in a much more normal fashion after a loss than would be the
case if no insurance existed. (http://hubpages.com/hub/ImportanceofInsurance)
B. Indemnification for loss
Indemnification helps individuals and families to restore to their former financial position after a
loss occurs. As a result, they can maintain their financial security. Since individuals or families
who suffer unexpected loss are restored either in part or in whole after a loss occurs, they are less
likely to seek financial assistance from relatives and friends. (Teklegiogis Assefa, 2004)
C. Reduce worry and fear
The other benefit on insurance is it helps to remove various types of fear from the mind of the
people. Insurance creates the confidence and sense of security among the policyholder. This is
true both before and after a loss. That is, if family heads have adequate amount of life insurance,
they are less likely to worry about the financial security of their dependents in the event of
premature death. In addition, persons insured for long term disability do not have to worry about
the loss of earnings if a serious illness or accident occurs; and property owners who are insured
enjoy greater peace of mind since they know they are covered if a loss occurs. Worry and fear are
also reduced after a loss occurs, since the insured know that they have insurance that will pay for
the loss. (Teklegiogis Assefa, 2004)
D. Loss control
Another social and economic value of insurance lies in its loss control or loss prevention
activities. Although the main function of insurance is not to reduce loss, insurers are vitally
interested in keeping losses at a minimum. Insurance company provides valuable services of
skilled and expert persons to individuals and business in order to eliminate various risks.
Insurance companies have a great deal of experience in risks of all kinds and, over many years,
they have found ways in which certain risks can be reduced. Insurers know that if no effort is
made in this regard, losses and premium would have a tendency to rise. Loss prevention and
control in the field of property and liability insurance include development of fire safety standard
and public education. (bodla and etal, 2003)
E. Enhancement of credit
Insurance enhances a person’s credit. Insurance makes a borrower a better credit risk because it
guarantees the value of the borrower’s collateral, or gives greater assurance that the loan will be
repaid. For example, when a house is purchased the lending institution normally requires
property insurance on the house before the mortgage loan is granted. The property insurance
protects the lender’s financial interest if the property is damaged or destroyed. Similarly, if a new
automobile purchased and financed by a bank or other lending institution, physical damage
insurance on the automobile may be required before the loan is made. A life insurance policy
increases the credit worthiness of the assured person because it can provide funds for repayment
if he dies. Thus, insurance enhance a personal credit. (bodla and etal, 2003
F. Promotion of saving
Saving is a device of preparing for the bad consequences of the future. Insurance policy is often
very suitable way of providing fund for the future. This type of policy is found particularly in life
assurance
G. Productive utilization of fund
Insurer accumulates large resources from the various insurance funds. Such resources are
generally invested in the country, either in the public or in private sector. This facilitates
considerably in over all development of the economy. (http://hubpages.com/hub/Importanceof
Insurance)
Chapter Three
Data Presentation and Analysis
The objective of the study was to examine AAU community attitude towards insurance services
and to understand their intention to purchase insurance. Thus, the relevant information that is
required to achieve this objective was obtained through questionnaire distributed to the
respondents. That is, different questions were designed and distributed to AAU’ Academic staffs,
Administrative/supportive employees and Graduate students of four faculties and were collected.
As mentioned in introduction part, the samples in this survey consisted of the customers who
have purchased insurance and the potential customers who have not purchased insurance.
Accordingly, different questions were developed for these groups separately in order to
understand their attitude toward insurance service purchase.
Since attitude is a construct difficult to measure as there is no objective unit of measurement for
it, attitude scales (Likert scale) were used to measure attitude questions in this study. These scales
are given weights from 15. That is 5 for strongly agree, 4 for agree, 3 for neutral, 2 for disagree
and 1 for strongly disagree. The table mean is 3.00. Therefore, weighted mean above the table
mean indicate agreement with the statement by the majority while those below 3.00 indicate
disagreement with the statement by the majority.
Among 211 respondents participated in this study 39(18.48%) were
Academic staffs, 26(12.32%) were Administrative employees and 146
(69.20%) were Graduate students and out of 211 questionnaires distributed
to participants 196(92.89%) were filled and returned while the remaining
15(7.11%) were not returned due to certain problem, respondents’ inability
(refusal) to return some of the questions. Thus, the response rate for the
questionnaire distributed is 92.89% and a total of 196 responses were used
in the data analysis procedures. Accordingly, the collected data presented
and analyzed as follow:
3.1.1. Respondents Profile
Table 3.1 Respondents Profile
Items Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1. Sex
Male 118 60.20
Female 78 39.80
Total 196 100
2. Marital status
Single 84 42,86
Married 108 55.10
Divorced 3 1.53
Widowed 1 0.51
Total 196 100
3. Age (in years)
Under 25
2635 97 49.49
3645 85 43.37
4655 9 4.59
5665 5 2.55
Above 65
Total 196 100
4. Educational level
012 complete 3 1.53
Certificate 5 2.55
Diploma 8 4.08
BA/BSc 14 7.14
Graduate student 138 70.41
MA/ MSc/MBA 22 11.23
PHD 6 3.06
Total 196 100.
5. Family size
One 86 43.88
Two 39 19.90
Three 52 26.53
Four 12 6.12
Five 5 2.55
More than five 2 1.02
Total 196 100
6. Income level(in Birr per month)
Less than 500 6 3.06
5011,000 10 5.10
1,0012,500 72 36.74
2,5013,500 98 50
3,5014,500 10 5.10
Over 5,500
Total 196 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.1 shows Respondents Profile. As depict in the table the distribution of participants based
on their sex represented 118(60.20%) male and 78(39.80%) female of which 84(42.86%) were
single, 108(55.10%) were married, 3(1.53%) were divorced and 1(0.51%) widowed. This implies
that majority of the respondents were male and married.
As shown in table in the age category, 97(49.49%) sample units were aged 2635 years, those
aged 3645 years were 85(43.37%), while 9(4.59%) were aged 46 55 years and 5(2.55%) of the
respondents were 56 65 years. This implies that majority of the respondents were in between age
2635 and youngsters.
Regarding the distribution of the respondents with respect to education level, most of the
respondents were graduate students that are 138(70.41%). Whereas 3(1.53%) of respondents
were 012 completed, 5(2.55%) were certificate holders, 8(4.08%) were diploma holders, while
14(7.14%) were first degree holders, 22(11.23%) were masters degree holders and 6(3.06%) were
PHD holders.
Figure Education level
This implies that majority of the respondents were graduate students
The distribution of the respondents based on family size, majority of the respondents 86(43.88%)
have one family whereas 39(19.90%) have two families, 52(26.53%) have three families,
12(6.12%) have four families, while 5(2.55%) have five families and 2(1.02%) have more than
five families.
Regarding the distribution of the respondents with respect to income level , the monthly income
of most respondents 98(50%) were 2,5013,500 whereas 6(3.06%) of respondents were earned
less than 500 Birr per month, 10(5.10%) of the respondents get 5011,000 Br. monthly,
72(36.74%) respondents’ monthly income were 1,0012,500 and the monthly income of
10(5.10%) respondents were 3,5014,500. This implies that majority of the respondents were
earned a monthly income of 2,5013,500 Birr.
Table 3.2 Frequency of Insurance policy owners and nonowners
Items Responses
1. Do you have insurance coverage? Yes No
Frequency (%) Frequency (%)
1. Sex
Male 36 18.37 82 41.84
Female 5 2.55 73 37.24
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
2. Marital status
Single 4 2.04 80 40.82
Married 37 18.88 71 36.22
Divorced 3 1.53
Widowed 1 0.51
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
3. Age (in years)
2635 2 1.02 95 48.47
3645 27 13.78 58 29.59
4655 7 3.57 2 1.02
5665 5 2.55
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
4. Educational level
012 complete 3 1.53
Certificate 5 2.55
Diploma 8 4.08
BA/BSc 3 1.53 11 5.61
Graduate student 13 6.64 125 63.78
MA/ MSc/MBA 19 9.69 3 1.53
PHD 6 3.06
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
5. Family size
One 4 2.04 82 41.84
Two 3 1.53 36 18.36
Three 19 9.70 33 16.84
Four 10 5.10 2 1.02
Five 4 2.04 1 0.51
More than five 1 0.51 1 0.51
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
6. Income level(in Birr per month)
Less than 500 6 3.06
5011,000 10 5.10
1,0012,500 2 1.02 70 35.72
2,5013,500 29 14.80 69 35.20
3,5014,500 10 5.10
Over 5,500
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
Academic staffs 25 12.76 10 5.10
Administrative employees 2 1.02 21 10.71
Graduate students 14 7.14 124 63.27
Total 41 20.92 155 79.08
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.2 shows the frequency of insurance policy buyers and nonbuyers. In the same table, item
1, respondents were asked whether they have insurance policy or not. Accordingly, most of the
respondents, 155(79.08%) replied that they do not have insurance policy coverage whereas
41(20.92%) of the participants replied that they have insurance policy.
Figure insurance buyers and nonbuyers
Out of 118 males, 36(30.51%) have insurance coverage while 82(69.49%) do not have insurance
policy coverage. and out of 78 female respondents, only 5(6.41%) have insurance policy whereas
73(93.59%) do not have insurance coverage.
Thus, this indicates that majority of both males and females respondents do not have insurance
coverage. However, more males have insurance service coverage than females.
Out of 84 single respondents only 4(4.76%) have insurance coverage whereas 80(95.24%) of the
respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. and out of 108 married respondent
37(34.26%) have insurance whereas 71(65.74%) do not have insurance coverage. while all
divorced and widowed respondents 3(100%) and 1(100%) respectively do not have insurance
policy coverage.
Thus, this implies that majority of single and married respondents as well as all divorced and
widowed respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. However, married respondents
have insurance policy than single respondents
Out of 97 respondents who aged 2635 years, 2 (2.06%) of respondents have insurance whereas
95(97.94%) of respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. and also out of the 85
respondents who aged 3645 years, 27(31.76%) of respondents have insurance coverage whereas
58(68.24%) of respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. Out of 9 respondents,
7(77.78%) of the respondents whose age are 4655 years have insurance whereas 2 (22.22%)
respondents do not have insurance policy coverage and Out of 5 respondents, all, 5(100%) of the
respondents whose age are 5665 years have insurance policy coverage.
This implies that majority of the respondents aged 2535 and 3645 years do not have insurance
while most of the respondents aged 4655 years and all respondents aged 5665 years have
insurance coverage.
Out of 3 respondents whose education level is 012 completed, all, 3(100%) of them do not have
insurance coverage. Moreover, out of 5 certificate holders respondents, all, 5(100%) of them do
not have insurance coverage. In addition to this, out of 8 diploma holders respondents, all,
8(100%) of them do not have insurance. While out of 14 firstdegree holders, majority,
11(78.57%) of them do not have insurance coverage whereas 3(21.43%) of them have insurance
policy coverage. Out of 138 graduate students, majority, 125(90.58%) of them do not have
insurance whereas only 13(9.42%) of them have insurance policy coverage. Out of 22 Masters’
degree holders respondents, most, 19(86.36%) of them have insurance whereas 3(13.64%) of
them do not have insurance policy coverage. but, all, 6(100%) PHD holders respondents have
insurance coverage.
This reveals that all 012 completed, certificate holders, diploma holders and majority of first
degree holders respondents do not have insurance. While majority of Masters degree holders and
all PHD holders respondents have insurance policy coverage.
Thus, these results indicate that education levels of the respondents have influence on purchasing
ability of the respondents. Since income level relatively increases as education level increase.
Out of 86 respondents whose family size is one, 4 (4.65%) respondents have insurance whereas
majority, 82(95.35%) of respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. and also out of the
39 respondents with two family size, 3 (7.69%) of respondents have insurance coverage whereas
most, 36(92.31%) of respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. Out of 52 respondents
who have three families, 19 (36.54%) of the respondents have insurance whereas 33 (63.46%)
respondents do not have insurance policy coverage. and Out of 12 respondents with four families,
10(83.33%) have insurance whereas 2(16.67%) do not have insurance coverage.
Out of 5 respondents whose family size are five, 4 (80%) respondents have insurance whereas 1
(20%) of respondents do not have insurance policy coverage and also out of the 2 respondents
with more than five family size, 1 (50%) of respondents have insurance coverage and 1(50%) of
the respondents do not have insurance policy coverage.
This implies that majority of the respondents with one, two and three family sizes do not have
insurance while most of the respondents with four and five have insurance coverage. While half
of the respondents with more than families have insurance and the remaining half do not have
insurance policy coverage.
Out of 6 respondents whose monthly income is less than 500, all, 6(100%) of them do not have
insurance coverage. In the same fashion, Out of 10 respondents whose monthly income is 501
1,000, all, 10 (100%) of them do not have insurance coverage. Out of 72 respondents who get
1,0012,500 Birr per month, 2(2.78%) of them have insurance coverage whereas majority,
70(97.22%) of them do not have insurance coverage. Out of 98 respondents whose monthly
income is between 2,500 and 3,500 Birr, 29 (29.59%) of them have insurance coverage whereas
69(70.41%) of them do not have insurance coverage. Out of 10 respondents whose monthly
income is 3,5014,500, all, 10 (100%) of them have insurance coverage.
This implies that all respondents belong to the monthly income level of less than 500 and 501
1,000 and majority of the respondents whose monthly income is 1,0012,500 and 2,5013,500 do
not have insurance coverage. While all of the respondents whose monthly income is 3,5014,500
have insurance coverage.
Regarding the three groups of respondents, out of 35 academic staffs, 25 (72.43%) of the
respondents have insurance coverage whereas 10(28.57%) respondents do not have insurance
policy coverage. Out of 23 administrative employees, only 2(8.70%) of the respondents have
insurance coverage whereas majority, 21(91.30%) of the respondents do not have insurance
policy coverage. out of 138 graduate students, only 14(10.14%) of them have insurance coverage
whereas 124(89.86%) do not have insurance.
Figure 5 Job category and Insurance buyers and nonbuyers
This implies that majority of administrative employees and graduate students do not have
insurance while most of academic staffs have insurance policy coverage. Out of 41 insurance
buyers, majority 25(60.97%) of the buyers were academic staffs whereas 14(34.15%) were
graduate students and the remaining 2(4.88%) were academic employees.
3.1.2. Result of questionnaires collected from policy owners
Table 3.3 Type of insurance service purchased by AAU community
No. Item Responses Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1 Which Type/s of insurance Life insurance 2 4.88
coverage did you purchased? Health insurance
Property insurance 25 60.98
Liability insurance 4 9.75
Property and 10 24.39
Liability insurance
Total 41 100
Source: Questionnaire
The above table shows type of insurance service purchased by respondents. In the same table,
item number one, respondents were asked about type of insurance service they were purchased.
Accordingly, 2(4.88%) of the respondents replied that they were purchased life insurance,
whereas 25(60.98%) of the respondents responded that they were purchased property insurance
and 4(9.75%) of the respondents replied that they were purchased liability insurance. Moreover,
10(24.39%) of the respondents replied that they were purchased Property and liability. None of
the respondents replied that they purchased health insurance.
Table 3.4 Factors influence respondents to purchase insurance
No. Items Responses Respondent
Frequency Percentag
e (%)
1 What are the factors that Legal requirement 15 36.59
Increase in income level 3 7.32
influence you to buy insurance?
Increase in awareness 4 9.76
Increase in education level
Marriage
Increase in dependents 2 4.87
Increase in education level 6 14.63
and Increase in awareness
Legal requirement and 11 26.83
Increase in awareness
Total 41 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.4 shows factors influence respondents to purchase insurance. In the same table, item
number one, respondents were asked to indicate factors that influence them to purchase
insurance. Accordingly, 15(36.59%) of the respondents responded that legal requirement
influenced them to purchase insurance. Whereas 3(7.32%) of the respondents replied that
increase in income level influence them to purchase insurance and 4(9.76%) of the respondents
replied that increase in awareness about insurance force them to purchase it. While 2(4.87%) of
the respondents replied that increase in dependents force them to purchase insurance and
6(14.63%) of the respondents replied that increase in education level and awareness are the
factors that influence them to purchasing insurance. In addition, 11(26.83%) of the respondents
replied that legal requirement and Increase in awareness are the main forces that influence them
to purchase insurance. However, none of the respondents replied that marriage influences them to
purchase insurance.
Table 3.5 Benefits respondents get from purchasing insurance
No. Items Responses Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1 Did you get benefit/s from Yes 36 87.80
purchasing insurance coverage? No 5 12.20
Total 41 100
2 If your answer for question number Personal 2 5.56
4 is yes, which benefit/s? satisfaction
Peace of mind 28 77.77
Family stability 4 11.11
Indemnification 2 5.56
Total 36 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.5 shows benefit/s respondents get from purchasing insurance. In the same table, item
number one, respondents were asked whether they get benefit/s from purchasing insurance or not.
Accordingly, 36(87.80%) of the respondents said that they got benefit/s from purchasing
insurance whereas 5(12.20%) of the respondents replied that they did not get any benefit/s from
purchasing insurance.
In the same table, item number two, respondents who get benefit/s from purchasing insurance
were asked supplementary question about the types of benefit/s they get. Accordingly, 2(5.56%)
of the respondents replied that they get personal satisfaction from purchasing insurance and
28(77.77%) of the respondents responded that they free from the burden of uncertainty / get
peace of mind by purchasing insurance. Whereas 4(11.11%) of the respondents said that
purchasing insurance maintained the stability of their family and 2(5.56%) of the respondents
said that they get indemnification.
Table 3.6 Intention of insurance buyers
No. Items Responses Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1 Do you have an intention to continue Yes 37 90.24
purchasing insurance policy/s? No 4 9.76
Total 41 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.6 shows intention of insurance buyers. In the same table, item number 1, respondents
were asked whether they have an intention to continue purchasing insurance or not. Accordingly,
37 (90.24%) of the respondents said that they have an intention to continue purchasing insurance
whereas 4(9.76%) of the respondents replied that they have no intention to continue purchasing
insurance, that is, they want to stop paying for insurance coverage
Table 3.7 Feelings of insurance buyers
Items Responses Total
1. I feel happy by purchasing Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
insurance. agree disagree
Total 4 19 11 5 2 41
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 9.76 46.34 26.83 12.20 4.88 100
Weighted Frequency 20 76 33 10 2 141
Calculated weighted mean = 3.44
Table mean = 3.00
2. I believe that I wasted my money
in purchasing insurance.
Total 2 1 1 4
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 50 25 25 100
Weighted Frequency 8 3 2 13
Calculated weighted mean = 3.25
Table mean = 3.00
Source: Questionnaire
The above table shows the feelings of insurance buyers. In the same table, item number one, the
respondents were asked whether they agree or disagree with the statement, I feel happy by
purchasing insurance. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.44 which is greater than
the table mean of 3.00. Thus, the data results indicate that policy owners feel happy by
purchasing insurance.
Among 41 respondents, 23(55.10%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) with the
statement. That is, they feel happy by purchasing insurance policy whereas 7(17.08%) of the
respondents disagree (disagree and strongly disagree) with the statement. i.e. they didn,t feel
happy by purchasing insurance But 11(26.83%) of the respondents were remain indifference/
neutral. This implies that majority of the respondents who have insurance policy at present are
happy with it.
In the same table, item number two, respondents who disagree (disagree and strongly) with item
number one were asked whether they agree or disagree with the statement I wasted my money in
purchasing insurance. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.25, which is greater than
the table mean of 3.00. Thus, the data result indicates that some respondents believe that they
were wasted their money in purchasing insurance.
Out of 4 respondents, 2(50%) of the respondents believed that they were wasted their money in
purchasing insurance. whereas 1(25%) of the respondents disagree (disagree and strongly
disagree) with the statement. But 1(2 5%) of the respondents were remain indifference/ neutral.
This implies that some of the respondents believed that they were wasted their money in
purchasing insurance.
Table 3.8 Importance of insurance for people
Items Responses Total
1. I believe that insurance is Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
important for people. agree disagree
Total 3 26 5 5 2 41
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 7.32 63.41 12.20 12.20 4.88 100
Weighted Frequency 15 104 15 10 2 146
Calculated weighted mean = 3.56
Table mean = 3.00
2. I believe that insurance is
unnecessary cost to the people.
Total 1 3 2 1 7
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 14.29 42.86 28.56 14.29 100
Weighted Frequency 5 12 6 2 25
Calculated weighted mean = 3.57
Table mean = 3.00
Source: survey data, 2010
The table 3.8 shows the importance of insurance for people. In the same table, item number one,
the respondents were asked whether they believe that insurance is important for people.
Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.56 which is greater than the table mean of 3.00.
Thus, from the data results it can also be concluded that insurance is important for people.
From 41 respondents, 29(70.73%) of the respondents agreed (strongly agree and agree) that
insurance is important for people whereas 7(17.08%) of the respondents disagreed (disagree and
strongly disagree) with the statement. That is they believed that insurance is not important for
people. But 5(12.20%) of the respondents were remain indifference/ neutral.
This implies that majority of the respondents believed that insurance is very important for
people.
In the same table, item number two, respondents who disagree (disagree and strongly) with item
number one were asked whether they agree or disagree with the statement I believe that
insurance is unnecessary cost to the people. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.57,
which is greater than the table mean of 3.00. Thus, the data results lead to the conclusion that
some respondents believe that insurance is unnecessary cost to the people.
Among seven respondents, 4(57.14%) of the respondents agreed (strongly agree and agree) that
insurance is unnecessary costs to people whereas 1(14.29%) of the respondents disagree
(disagree and strongly disagree) with the statement. But 2(28.57%) of the respondents were
remain indifference/ neutral. This implies that some of the respondents believed that insurance is
unnecessary cost to the people
Table 3.9 Believes of insurance buyers
Items Responses Total
1. I believe that other people Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
have to purchase insurance agree disagree
coverage
Total 3 9 18 8 3 41
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 7.32 21.95 43.90 19.51 7.32 100
Weighted Frequency 15 36 54 16 3 124
Calculated weighted mean = 3.02
Table mean = 3.00
2. I believe that no one has to
purchase insurance.
Total 1 5 1 3 1 11
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 9.09 45.45 9.09 27.27 9.09 100
Weighted Frequency 5 20 3 6 1 35
Calculated weighted mean =3.18
Table mean =3.00
Source: Questionnaire
The table 3.9 shows believe of insurance buyers. In the same table, item number one, the
respondents were asked whether they believe that other people have to purchase insurance
coverage. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.02 which is greater than the table mean
of 3.00. Thus, from the data results it can be concluded that most of the respondents believe that
other people have to purchase insurance.
Out of 41 respondents, 12(29.27%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) that other
people have to purchase insurance coverage whereas 11(26.83%) of the respondents disagree
(disagree and strongly disagree) with the statement. But 18(43.90%) of the respondents were
remain indifference/ neutral. This implies that majority of insurance buyers believed that other
people have to purchase insurance.
In the same table, item number two, respondents who disagree (disagree and strongly) with item
number one were asked whether they believe that no one has to purchase insurance. Accordingly,
the calculated weighted mean is 3.18 which is greater than the table mean of 3.00. Thus, from
the data results it can be concluded that according to few insurance buyer respondents no one has
to purchase insurance policy.
From 11 respondents, 6(54.54%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) with the
statement whereas 4(36.36%) of the respondents disagree (disagree and strongly disagree) with
the statement. But 1(9.09%) of the respondent was remain indifference/ neutral.
This implies that some policy owners believed that no one has to purchase insurance policy.
3.1.3. Result of questionnaires collected from non policy owners
Table 3.10 Reasons for not purchasing insurance service
No. Items Responses Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1 Why didn’t you purchase Higher Cost 38 24.52
insurance coverage? /premium
Economic problem 94 60.64
Lack of awareness 8 5.16
Lack of interest 15 9.68
Total 155 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.10 shows reasons for not purchasing insurance service. In the same table, item number 1,
noninsurance buyers respondents were asked the reason why they did not purchased insurance.
Accordingly, 38 (24.52%) of the respondents replied that the reason why they did not purchased
insurance is due to higher cost /premium of insurance. Whereas 94 (60.64%) of the respondents
replied that due to economic problem/ shortage of money and 8 (5.16%) of the respondents
replied that due to lack of awareness. Moreover, 15 (9.68%) of the respondents replied that
reason why they did not purchased insurance is lack of interest.
This implies that even though there are other reasons, economic problem is one of the major
factors that creating barrier to people in buying insurance policy.
Table 3.11 Intention of nonbuyers to buy insurance
No. Items Responses Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1. Do you have an intention to purchase Yes 38 24.52
insurance coverage in the future? No 117 75.48
Total 155 100
2 If your answer for question number 1 In the next six 6 15.79
is yes, how likely are you to purchase months
insurance? Within a year 7 18.42
At some time in 25 65.79
the future
Total 38 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.11 shows intention of nonbuyers to buy insurance. In the same table, item number 1,
respondents were asked whether they have an intention to purchase insurance coverage in the
future or not. Accordingly, majority of the respondents, 117 (75.48%) of the respondents replied
that they would not have an intention to buy insurance coverage whereas 38 (24.52%) of the
participants replied that they have an intention to buy insurance coverage in the future.
Figure 8 Intention of nonbuyers to buy insurance
Figure 9 Time within which respondents intend to purchase insurance
Thus, this implies that majority of noninsurance buyers who have an intention to buy insurance
will intend to buy some time in the future.
Table 3.12 Types of insurance to be purchased
No. Items Responses Respondents
Frequency Percentage (%)
1 Which type of insurance Life insurance 11 28.95
coverage would you Health insurance 2 5.26
buy? Property insurance 16 42.11
Liability insurance 9 23.68
Total 38 100
2 What are the factors the Legal requirement 9 23.68
influence you to buy Increase in income level
insurance? Increase in awareness 7 18.42
Increase in education level 2 5.26
Marriage
Increase in dependents 6 15.79
Increase in income level 14 36.84
and awareness
Total 38 100
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.12 shows type of insurance service to be purchased. In the same table, item number one,
respondents were asked about type of insurance service they will intend to purchase.
Accordingly, 11 (28.95%) of the respondents replied that they will intend to purchase life
insurance, whereas 2 (5.26%) of the respondents said that they will have a plan to purchase
health insurance and 16 (42.11%) of the respondents replied that they will intend to purchase
property insurance. Moreover, 9 (23.68%) of the respondents replied that they will purchase
liability insurance.
This implies that most of the respondents will have a plan to purchase property insurance.
In the same table, item number two, respondents were asked about factors that influence them to
purchase insurance. Accordingly, 9 (23.68%) of the respondents said that legal requirement
influenced them to purchase insurance. Whereas 14 (36.84%) of the respondents replied that
increase in income level encourage them to purchase insurance and 7 (18.42%) of the
respondents replied that increase in awareness about insurance force them to purchase insurance.
While 6 (15.79%) of the respondents replied that increase in dependents force them to purchase
insurance and 2(5.26%) of the respondents replied that increase in education level is the factor
that influence them to purchasing insurance
This implies that legal requirement, increase in income and awareness are the main factors that
influence respondents to purchased insurance.
Table 3.13 Importance of insurance for people
Items Responses Total
1. I believe that insurance is Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
important for people. agree disagree
Total 35 57 31 20 12 155
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 22.58 36.77 20 12.90 7.75 100
Weighted Frequency 175 228 93 40 12 548
Calculated weighted mean = 3.54
Table mean = 3.00
2. I believe that purchasing
insurance is unnecessary cost
to the people.
Total 4 12 10 5 1 32
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 12.5 37.5 31.25 15.63 3.12 100
Weighted Frequency 20 48 30 10 1 109
Calculated weighted mean =3.41
Table mean =3.00
Source: Questionnaire
Table 3.13 shows the importance of insurance for people. In the same table, item number one, the
respondents were asked whether they agree or disagree with the statement, insurance is important
for people. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.54, which is greater than the table
mean of 3.00. Thus, the data results lead to the conclusion that majority of nonbuyers
respondents believed that insurance is important for people.
Out of 155 respondents, 92(59.35%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) with the
statement whereas 32(20.65%) of the respondents disagree (disagree and strongly disagree) with
the statement. But 31(20%) of the respondents were remain indifference/ neutral.
This implies that majority of noninsurance buyers believe that insurance is important for people.
In the same table, item number two, respondents who disagree (disagree and strongly) with item
number one were asked whether they agree that insurance is unnecessary cost to the people.
Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.41, which is greater than the table mean of 3.00.
Thus, the data results lead to the conclusion that some respondents believe that insurance is
unnecessary cost to the people.
Among 32 respondents, 16(50%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) with the
statement whereas 6(18.75%) of the respondents disagree (disagree and strongly disagree) with
the statement. But 10(31.25%) of the respondents were remain indifference/ neutral.
This implies that some noninsurance buyers respondents believed that insurance is unnecessary
cost to the people
Table 3.14 Believe of noninsurance buyers
Items Responses Total
1. I believe that other people Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
have to purchase insurance agree disagree
coverage
Total 34 46 42 20 13 155
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 21.94 29.68 27.10 12.90 8.38 100
Weighted Frequency 170 184 126 40 13 533
Calculated weighted mean = 3.44
Table mean = 3.00
2. I believe that no one has to
purchase insurance.
Total 33
Weights 5 4 3 2 1
Percentage (%) 9.09 36.36 30.30 18.18 6.06 100
Weighted Frequency 15 48 30 12 2 107
Calculated weighted mean =3.24
Table mean =3.00
Source: Questionnaire
The above table shows believes of noninsurance buyers. In the same table, item number one, the
respondents were asked whether they agree that other people have to purchase insurance
coverage. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.44, which is greater than the table
mean of 3.00. Thus, the data results lead to the conclusion that other people have to purchase
insurance.
80(51.62%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) with the statement whereas
33(21.28%) of the respondents disagree (disagree and strongly disagree) with the statement. But
42(27.10%) of the respondents were remain indifference/ neutral. Therefore, it can be concluded
that majority of participants believed that other people have to purchase insurance.
In the same table, item number two, respondents who disagree (disagree and strongly) with item
number one were asked whether they agree with the statement “no one has to purchase
insurance”. Accordingly, the calculated weighted mean is 3.24 which is greater than the table
mean of 3.00. Thus, from the data results it can be concluded that few noninsurance buyers
AAU communities believed that no one has to purchase insurance policy.
Among 33 respondents, 15(45.45%) of the respondents agree (strongly agree and agree) with the
statement whereas 8(24.24%) of the respondents disagree (disagree and strongly disagree) with
the statement. But 10(30.30%) of the respondent was remain indifference/ neutral. This implies
that some respondents believed that no one has to purchase insurance policy.
3.2. Data analysis and Discussion
Respondents were asked different questions and the results were presented in data presentation
part, in this part the presented data were analyzed and discussed.
Insurance is one of the risk management techniques that provide protection against a financial
loss arising from the occurrence of unexpected risks. So, purchasing insurance policies helps the
individuals to recover from damages and losses occurred due to these unexpected risks. However,
most of the respondents replied that they do not have insurance policy coverage while only few
respondents replied that they have insurance policy.
Thus, this result reveals that majority of the respondents do not have insurance coverage.
Therefore, this implies that AAU communities have negative attitude towards insurance service
purchase.
2.1. Result of questionnaires collected from policyowners
Life insurance policies provide financial protection to beneficiaries, usually spouses and
dependent children, upon the death of the insured prematurely (the breadwinner of the family).
Health insurance pays medical expenses resulting from accidents and illness. Property insurance
protects insured against loss or damage to property resulting from hazards such as fire, theft, and
others. Liability insurance protects policyholders from financial responsibility for injuries to
others or for damage to other people's property. Respondents were asked about type of insurance
service they were purchased. Accordingly, few of the respondents replied that they were
purchased life insurance, whereas most of the respondents responded that they were purchased
property insurance and some of the respondents replied that they were purchased liability
insurance. The remaining replied that they purchased property and liability. None of the
respondents replied that they purchased health insurance. This implies that most of respondents
purchased only property insurance but no one purchased health insurance.
Different factors may influence people to purchase insurance. Respondents were asked to
indicate factors that influence them to purchase insurance. Accordingly, 15(36.59%) of the
respondents replied that legal requirement influenced them to purchase insurance. Whereas
3(7.32%) of the respondents replied that increase in income level influence them to purchase
insurance and 4(9.76%) of the respondents replied that increase in awareness about insurance
force them to purchase it. While 2(4.87%) of the respondents replied that increase in dependents
force them to purchase insurance and 6(14.63%) of the respondents replied that increase in
education level and awareness are the factors that influence them to purchasing insurance. In
addition, 11(26.83%) of the respondents replied that legal requirement and Increase in awareness
are the main forces that influence them to purchase insurance. This implies that legal requirement
is the main factor that influences respondents to purchased insurance.
The existence of insurance has great benefits to policyowners. Insurance allows families to
continue their activities in a much more normal fashion after a loss than would be the case if no
insurance existed and helps to restore to their former financial position after a loss occurs. It also
helps to remove various types of fear from the mind of the people. Respondents were asked
whether they get benefit/s from purchasing insurance or not. Accordingly, majority of the
respondents replied that they get benefit/s from purchasing insurance whereas some of the
respondents replied that they did not get any benefit/s from purchasing insurance. This implies
that majority of the respondents were benefited from purchasing insurance.
Most of the respondents who currently have insurance policy would have an intention to
continue purchasing insurance in the future since they get benefits from it. The benefits they got
from purchasing insurance are family stability, peace of mind, personal satisfaction and
indemnification. But the benefit majority of the respondent got from purchasing insurance is
peace of mind/ freeing from the burden of uncertainty. This implies that majority of the
respondents were freed from the burden of uncertainty/ get peace of mind by purchasing
insurance. As such, most of policyowners feel happy by purchasing insurance and they believed
that insurance is very important for people, and other people have to purchase it.
Whereas some of the respondents would have no intention to continue purchasing insurance, that
is, they want to stop paying for insurance coverage since they believed that insurance is
unnecessary cost to the people and believed that they were wasted their money in purchasing it.
They also believed that no one has to purchase insurance policy.
2.2. Result of questionnaires collected from non policy owners
Different factors can affect the purchasing ability/ decision of people and hinder them from
purchasing insurance. Higher cost /premium of insurance, economic problem/ shortage of money,
lack of awareness and lack of interest are some of factors that prohibit respondents from
purchasing insurance. However, of these factors, economic problem is one of the major factors
that creating barrier to people in buying insurance policy.
Purchasing insurance policies helps the individuals to recover from damages and losses arising
from the occurrence of unexpected risks. But majority of nonpolicy owners respondent would
not have an intention to buy insurance coverage in the future due to different reasons. These are
higher cost /premium of insurance, economic problem/ shortage of money, lack of awareness and
lack of interest. In addition to these, some of the respondents do not want to waste their hard
earned money in purchasing insurance since they believed that insurance is unnecessary cost to
the people
While only some of the respondents would have an intention to buy insurance coverage in the
future. Moreover, most of the respondents who have an intention to purchase insurance coverage
in the future have not plan to buy in the near future, they will have an intention to buy sometime
in the future while only few respondents would have an intention to buy within six months and a
year. And also most of the respondents will have a plan to purchase only property insurance even
though other types of insurance also very important.
Insurance policies are financial services that provide individuals and the economy as a whole
with a number of important financial services. Noninsurance buyers respondents were asked
whether they believe that insurance is important for people. Majority of respondents believe that
insurance is important for people and as other people have to purchase insurance. While some
respondents believe that insurance is unnecessary cost to the people and believed that no one has
to purchase insurance policy
Chapter Four
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
4.1. Summary
The objective of conducting this study was to examine AAU communities’ attitude towards
insurance services and to understand their intention to purchase insurance, to meet this,
distributed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. And based on the study findings, the
following main summaries were drawn.
• Most of AAU communities have not insurance policy coverage.
• All 012 completed, certificate holders, diploma holders and majority of firstdegree
holders of the respondents do not have insurance. While majority of Masters’ degree
holders and all PHD holders have insurance policy coverage.
• All respondents belong to the monthly income level of less than 500 and 5011,000 and
majority of the respondents whose monthly income is 1,0012,500 and 2,5013,500 do not
have insurance coverage. While all of the respondents whose monthly income is 3,501
4,500 have insurance coverage
• Most of the academic staffs have insurance policy coverage while majority of
administrative employees and graduate students do not have insurance
• Most of AAU communities purchased only property insurance but no one purchased
health insurance and Legal requirement is the main factor that influences them to
purchased insurance.
• Majority of insurance buyers benefited from purchasing insurance and the main benefit
they get is peace of mind. Moreover, they feel happy by purchasing it.
• Majority of noninsurance buyers believe that insurance is important for people and
believed that other people have to purchase insurance. While few respondents believed
that insurance is unnecessary cost to the people.
4.2. Conclusions
Based on the above analysis and summary of the study finding the following main conclusions
were drawn.
Even though majority of AAU communities believe that insurance is important for people
and other people have to purchase, most of them have not insurance policy and also have
no intention to purchase in the future
Even though majority of AAU have not insurance policy, most of those who purchased
insurance felt happy in purchasing insurance since they greatly benefited from it and have
an intention to continue purchasing.
The main benefit policy owners get from purchasing insurance is freeing from the burden
of uncertainty/ Peace of mind which is very important in the human life.
AAU communities who have insurance policy are those in higher educational levels and
their income levels are relatively high, and most of them are academic staffs.
Economic problem/ inability to pay insurance premium is the primary reason for not
buying insurance policy, even though there are other reasons like lack of interest and
awareness about insurance products. That is, economic problem is one of the major
factors that creating barrier to people in buying insurance policy
Even though other types of insurance like life, health and liability insurances are also very
important, most of AAU communities purchased property insurance only and most of the
communities who have an intention to purchase also intend to purchase property
insurance only.
The main factor that influences AAU community to purchase insurance is legal
requirement followed by increase in education level and awareness.
Majority of AAU community who did not purchased insurance also have no intention to
purchase in the future while most of policy owners want to continue purchasing.
Some of AAU community believes that insurance is unnecessary cost to people. As a
result, few policy owners believed that they were wasted their money by purchasing and
want to stop paying for insurance.
Majority of noninsurance buyers who have an intention to buy insurance will intend to
buy insurance sometime in the future. While other have an intention to purchase within
six months and year.
4.3. Recommendations
Insurance is one of the risk management techniques that provide financial protection against a
loss arising from the occurrence of unexpected risks. Purchasing insurance policies helps the
individuals to recover from damages and losses, if any. The absence of insurance can have
adverse effects on individuals live. For instant, in case of the premature death of breadwinner,
damage to their property like home, vehicles, and other property, and legal liability like damage
to others’ assets are some of the risks that face everyone in his life and if these risks occur, they
cause a great problem to individual. Thus, based on the findings, the following recommendations
were forwarded:
AAU Communities who have no insurance policy coverage especially those who have
car, house, other properties and dependent families should purchase insurance policy
since insurance prevents families from experiencing the great hardships caused by
unexpected losses of property or the premature death of the family income provider.
Communities with low income level should also develop a habit of saving and purchase
insurance since some type of insurance (life insurance) are saving type in their nature.
All types of insurance are very important, so AAU communities should purchase them
rather than focusing only on one insurance type.
Government should support people with lowincome level through different means like
arranging special types of insurance for them, increasing their income level or forcing the
employers to insure their employees.
Insurance companies should create awareness to the people, motivate and appreciation
them to purchase insurance. Since some of the communities who did not purchased
insurance are due to lack of interest and awareness.
Insurance companies should provide information properly on the importance/benefits of
insurance to the communities since some people believe that insurance is unnecessary
cost to people and wasting of money.
Insurance companies should also consider the problem of the society and should set
premium which can be offered by most people. And also arrange special insurance for
low income earners people.
References
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PrenticeHall
Bolda S. B., Garg C. M and Singh P. K (2003), Insurance: Fundamentals, Environment
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Future Challenges, Addis Ababa, Master Printing Press.
Harrington Scott E. and Gregory R. Niehaus(1999), Risk Management and Insurance,
McGrawHill companies, Inc.
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New York: McGrawHill, 5th ed
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Nigerians towards Insurance Services: An Empirical Study, African Journal of
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Zelalem(2005), Issues and Challenges of Rural Water Scheme: The Case Study of
Burayu”, unpublished MA Thesis.
Addis Ababa University
Faculty of Business and Economics
Department of Management
MBA Program
Questionnaire
This questionnaire is designed to collect information regarding the attitude of AAU Community
toward insurance service purchase. This assessment is undertaken for partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of Masters Degree in Business Administration (MBA). It will be used
for academic purpose only and as such, your information will kept confidential. Your cooperation
is very helpful to the fulfillment of the research objective. Therefore, I cordially request you to
help me by filling this questionnaire as completely as possible.
Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation!
NB.
Writing your name is not necessary
You can give more than one answer
Put “√” for your choice in the box provided
Answer part I and II, if you have insurance policy coverage and
Answer part I and III, if you don’t have insurance policy coverage
Part one: Respondent Profile (to be filled by all)
1. Sex: Male Female
2. Age(in years)
Under 25 26 – 35 36 – 45 46 – 55 56 – 65
Over 65
3. Education Level
012 complete Certificate Diploma BA/BSc
Graduate student MA/MSc /MBA PhD
Other (if any)________________________________________________________
4. Marital Status
Single Married Divorced Widowed
5. Family size(Persons)
One Two Three Four Five Greater than five
6. Income level (in Birr per month)
Less than 500 501 – 1,000 1,001 – 2,000
2,001 – 3,500 3,501 – 4,500 4,501 5,500
5,501 6,500 6,5017,000 Over 7,000
7. Job category
Academic Administrative Graduate student
Do you have Insurance coverage?
Yes No
If your answer is yes, Pleas fill part II and if no, fill part III
Part Two: (to be filled by Insurance policyholder)
1. Which Type/s of insurance coverage do you have?
Life insurance Health insurance
Liability insurance Property insurance
2. What are the factors that influence you to buy insurance policy?
Legal requirement Increase in awareness
Increase of risk in number and complexity Increase of the dependents
Increase in income level Marriage
Increase in Education level Increase in status
Other (if any) _______________________________________________________
3. Did you get benefit/s from purchasing insurance coverage?
Yes No
4. If your answer for question number 7 is yes, which benefit/s?
Personal satisfaction Free from the burden of uncertainty/ Peace of mind
Family stability Indemnification
Other (if any)________________________________________________________
5. Do you have an intention to continue purchasing insurance policy/s
Yes No
If your answer for question number 5 is yes, please answer the following questions.
6. I feel happy by purchasing insurance.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
7. I believe that insurance is important for people.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
8. I believe that other people have to purchase insurance coverage.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
9. What suggestions would you like to make to encourage nonbuyers to buy?
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
If your answer for question number 5 is no, please answer the following questions.
10. I believe that purchasing insurance is unnecessary cost (wasting money) to the
people.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
11. I believe that I wasted my money in purchasing insurance.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
12. I want to stop paying for insurance coverage.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
13. I believe that no one has to purchase insurance.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
14. Any other comments, if
any________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Part Three: (to be filled by those who didn’t purchase insurance coverage)
1. Why didn’t you purchase insurance coverage? Because of:
Higher Cost /premium Lack of awareness
Economic problem Lack of interest
Other (if any) ___________________________________________________
2. Do you have an intention to purchase insurance coverage in the future?
Yes No
3. If your answer for question number 2 is yes, how likely are you to purchase insurance?
Very likely Likely Neutral Unlikely Very unlikely
In the next six months
Within a year
At some time in the future
4. If your answer for question number 2 is yes, which Type of insurance coverage would you
buy?
Life insurance Health insurance
Liability insurance Property insurance
5. What are the factors that influence you to buy insurance?
Legal requirement Increase in awareness
Increase of risk in number and complexity Increase of the dependents
Increase in income level Marriage
Increase in Education level Increase in status
Other (if any) _______________________________________________________
If your answer for question number 2 is yes, please answer the following questions.
6. I believe that insurance is important for people.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
7. I believe that other people have to purchase insurance coverage.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
If your answer for question number 6 is disagree, please answer the following questions?
8. I do not want to waste my hardearned money in purchasing insurance.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
9. I believe that purchasing insurance is unnecessary cost (wasting money) to the people.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
10. I believe that no one has to purchase insurance.
Strongly agree Agree Neutral
Disagree Strongly disagree
11. Please state other disadvantage/s of insurance (if any)
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
12. What suggestions would you like to make to encourage nonbuyers to buy insurance?
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
13. Any other comments, if any
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_
Thank you very much for taking the time to help me!!!