Reviewer in Personal Development Erik Erikson’s eight stages of Psychosocial

Development
Personal Development - It is the process in which
Stage 1 – Trust vs Mistrust (Infant – 18 months)
persons reflect upon themselves and accept what
they discover about themselves and learn new sets Influential Figure is his/her parent (mother)
of values attitudes and behavior.
Example: If mother/caretaker meet a child basic
Personality - It is referred to as the set of behaviors, needs for survival (Trust)
feelings, thoughts, and motives that identifies an
If mother/caretaker didn’t meet a child basic needs
Attitudes - A person’s thoughts, feelings, and for survival (Mistrust)
emotions about another person, object, behavior or
situation. Jean Piaget - He is the psychologist who give a
theory in cognitive development
Behavior - A manifestation or acting out of the
attitudes an individual has. Stage 2 – Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (18
months – 3 years old)
Drive - A “drive” is a state of arousal or tension
triggered by a person’s physiological or biological Autonomy – Exploring by his/her own (trying to be
needs. independent)
Feelings - A feeling arise from the brain as it Shame and Doubt – If they failed and get some
interprets an emotion, which is usually caused by criticized from their parents/caretaker
physical sensation experienced by body as a
reaction to a certain external stimulus. Example: Toilet Training

Emotions – Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anger, Stage 3 – Initiative vs Guilt (3 -5 years old)
Surprise, Disgust Initiative – The child trying to initiate something
Values - At the core of every person lies a system of through interaction.
beliefs that adheres to the highest ideals of human Guilt - If someone interrupt/talking bad about the
existence. These ideals called values. initiator
Virtue – Good Moral Example: Susan wants to help feed his dog. He gets
Ten (10) Basic Values that can be characterized the box of dog food but spills it everywhere.
by describing their central motivational goal. Stage 4 – Industry vs Inferiority (6-12 years old)
1. Self-Direction. Independent thought and Industry - The child excels in his/her everyday life
action; choosing, creating, exploring. and became industrious
2. Stimulation. Excitement, novelty, and Inferiority – Negative feedback and being restricted
challenge in life. by parents, teachers and environment.
3. Hedonism. Pleasure and sensuous Example – Julia and Gerald set up lemonade stand
gratification for oneself. in their front lawn. They make signs, drag the table
4. Achievement. Personal success through out and help their mom make the lemonade. They
demonstrating competence according to decide to give all the money they make to the
social standards. local shelter. (Industrious)

5. Power. Social status and prestige, control or Stage 5 – Identity vs Role Confusion (13 -20 years
dominance over people and resources. old)

6. Security. Safety, harmony, and stability of Identity – Developing self-identity, abilities and stay
society, of relationships, and of self. true to one self

7. Conformity. Restraint of actions, inclinations, Role Confusion – Identity Crisis (Sexual and
and impulses likely to upset or harm others Occupational)
and violate social expectations or norms. Example: Bebe wants to graduate from high school
8. Tradition. Respect, commitment, and but has no plans for post-secondary. She spends all
acceptance of the customs and ideas that her time playing video games instead of
traditional culture or religion provide the self. completing her community hours to graduate from
high school.
9. Benevolence. Preserving and enhancing the
welfare of those with whom one is in *She doesn’t know yet her true role in life
frequent personal contact (the 'in-group') Stage 6 – Intimacy vs Isolation (20 – 40 years old)
10. Universalism. Understanding, appreciation, Intimacy – (Closeness/Relationship)
tolerance, and protection for the welfare of
all people and for nature. Isolation - moving out or separation

The age during adolescence may be bracket as ff. Example: Amira and Jill just got married and moved
out of their houses with their parents and started
Early Adolescence – age around 10 – 13 living together.
Middle Adolescence – age from 14 – 16

Late Adolescence – ages from 17 - 20

Stage 7 – Generativity vs Stagnation (40 – 65 years Long exposures to television and screen gadgets are
old) also unhealthy. Regulate the hours you spend with
technology. Read books and take to exercise. Better
Generativity - Create or nurture things that will
yet, embrace a sport that you enjoy playing.
outlast them, either by having children or create a
positive change that benefits others. Developing or Regaining Self-Esteem
Stagnation – Stagnant (Di kana umusad sa buhay)
Individuals who encounter criticism at home
Example: Success in life like having a children and and in school often develop low self-esteem. This is
work or being professional because the underlying message in the criticism is
“you are not good enough for me’’. This is especially
Stage 8 – Ego Integrity vs Despair (65 – up to his/her true when the criticism comes from an important
last breath) person in a person’s life. Children who grows up with
criticisms often result in losing their self-respect.
Ego Integrity - Sense of fulfillment as one looks back
in one’s life and develops feeling of wisdom (Satisfy Related to self-esteem is one’s perception of
in their life) one’s body type. Adolescents at this stage are very
self-conscious, and often view themselves as
Despair - Sense of loss, contempt for others and
unattractive, lacking the kind of physical look that is
may result in regret, bitterness and despair.
often dictated by the advertising and the image
Example: You have no regret in your life and you business.
know that you did your purpose before you died.
Roles
Challenges in Middle and Late Adolescence
All human being have role to play in their
ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR TOWARD SEXUALLY AND lives. Roles are part of one’s identity, such being a
SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP. son or daughter to your parents, a brother or sister to
your siblings, being a student in your school, or a
Puberty drives the adolescent to experience member of your organization.
surge of sexual desires, which often lead them to
experimentation and exploration. While this is often Material Poverty
healthy to engage in, there is the danger of losing
There are many stories about school children
control over one’s sexual drives which inevitably end
and adolescent students who live in far-flung areas
up in lifetime of regrets.
where infrastructure is not available and of those
The adolescents are also prone to exploring who do not have much choice but to walk when
pornography, which usually starts out of curiosity. going to school.

ACADEMIC CONCERN Parent Working Abroad

Being responsible is called for when dealing Another social phenomenon experience by
with academic challenges. Be aware that many Filipino families today linked to poverty are
academic grades are not the only indicators of parents who leave their families to work abroad to
learning. support the needs of their families.

Discipline, Openness, Perseverance, Diligence, Career Choice

Excellence, Curiosity, Critical Thinking, Memory,
When finding a career, adolescents need to
Understanding, Cooperation, Respect, Social
know what their interest are, what things they find
Interaction, Leadership, and Followership.
exciting and challenging and what their skills are. It
GROUP BELONGINGNESS often been said that in pursuing a career, look at
what you love to do and are passionate about, and
An adolescent want to belong. While there is the money will just follow.
an urge to be independent and autonomous from
his family and parents, there is also an urge to seek a Relationship
replacement of this support system, this time in the
Maintaining healthy relationships require a
form of social groupings such as school friends,
certain level of maturity. An adolescent who is still in
membership in organizations, and community.
the process of acquiring maturity may often find
However, there is a possibility that these types of
maintaining relationships challenging.
organization may be more destructive than
constructive. Other Challenger: Depression
HEALTH AND NUTRITION There are many other challenges facing
adolescents, and some may not even be aware that
A healthy mind and body is what every
they are experiencing them, like depression. There
adolescent (and everybody else) should strive for.
are telltale signs of depression an adolescent should
However, adolescents, because of their growing
be aware of. If you suspect that you are
bodies and brains, are gifted with so much energy
experiencing depression, talk to your parent,
that seems inexhaustible, resulting in abuse of one’s
guardian, or school guidance counselor. Be open
body and mind. Lack of sleep and poor eating
about it.
habits often result in disaster. Learn to listen to your
body.
-Study Hard and Pray Harder   