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Sheet 2

1) There are losses in the system described in item 6, with a entropy change of Δs. 2) The ratio of downstream area (A2) to upstream area (A1) can be determined for the system in item 6. 3) For the system described in item 5, the upstream and downstream conditions, area ratio, Mach numbers, velocities and pressures can be calculated, along with sketching the corresponding T-s diagram.

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Syed Faisal Mohiuddin Sharfi
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131 views2 pages

Sheet 2

1) There are losses in the system described in item 6, with a entropy change of Δs. 2) The ratio of downstream area (A2) to upstream area (A1) can be determined for the system in item 6. 3) For the system described in item 5, the upstream and downstream conditions, area ratio, Mach numbers, velocities and pressures can be calculated, along with sketching the corresponding T-s diagram.

Uploaded by

Syed Faisal Mohiuddin Sharfi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sheet-2

1. Air flows through an adiabatic system. M1 = 4.0 and p01 = 45 psia. At a point
downstream, M2 = 1.8 and p2 = 7.0 psia.
(a) Are there losses in this system? If so, compute s .
(b) Determine the ratio of A2/A1.

2. The following information is common to each of parts (a) and (b). Air flows through a
diverging section with A1 = 1.5 ft2 and A2 = 4.5 ft2. You may assume steady, one-
dimensional flow, Q = Ws = 0, negligible potential changes, and no losses.
(a) If M1 = 0.7 and p1 = 70 psia, find M2 and p2.
(b) If M1 = 1.7 and T1 = 95°F, find M2 and T2.
3. Air enters a converging section where A1 = 0.50 m2. At a downstream section A2 =
0.25 m2, M2 = 1.0, and s1 2 = 0. It is known that p2 > p1. Find the initial Mach
number (M1) and the temperature ratio (T2/ T1).
4. Air flows with T1 = 250 K, p1 = 3 bar abs., p01 = 3.4 bar abs., and the cross-sectional
area A1 = 0.40 m2. The flow is isentropic to a point where A2 = 0.30 m2. Determine
the temperature at section 2.
5. The following information is known about the steady flow of air through an adiabatic
system:
At section 1, T1 = 510K, p1,= 3 Mpa
At section 2, T2 = 460K, Tt2 = 610K, p2,= 2 Mpa
(a) Find M2, V2, and p02.
(b) Determine M1, V1, and p01.
(c) Compute the area ratio A2/A1.
(d) Sketch a physical diagram of the system along with a T –s diagram.
6. Air flows through an adiabatic system. M1 = 4.0 and p01 = 45 psia. At a point
downstream, M2 = 1.8 and p2 = 7.0 psia.

(a) Are there losses in this system? If so, compute s .

(b) Determine the ratio of A2/A1.

7. Air flows in a constant-area, horizontal, insulated duct. Conditions at


section 1 are p1 = 50 MPa, T1 = 600K, and V1 = 867 m/s. At a downstream section
the temperature is T2 = 1048 K.
(a) Determine M1 and T01.
(b) Find V2 and p2.
(c) What is the entropy change between the two sections?
8. Air enters a convergent–divergent nozzle at 20 bar abs. and 40°C. At the end of the
nozzle the pressure is 2.0 bar abs. Assume a frictionless adiabatic process. The throat
area is 20 cm2.
(a) What is the area at the nozzle exit?
(b) What is the mass flow rate in kg/s?
9. A converging–diverging nozzle is designed to operate with an exit Mach number of
M = 2.25. It is fed by a large chamber of air at 15.0 MPa and 600K and exhausts
into the room at 14.7 MPa. Assuming the losses to be negligible, compute the velocity
in the nozzle throat.
10. A converging–diverging nozzle discharges air into a receiver where the static
pressure is 15 MPa. A 1.5 m2 duct feeds the nozzle with air at 100 MPa, 800K, and a
velocity such that the Mach number M1 = 0.3. The exit area is such that the pressure
at the nozzle exit exactly matches the receiver pressure. Assume steady, one-
dimensional flow, perfect gas, and so on. The nozzle is adiabatic and there are no
losses.
(a) Calculate the flow rate.
(b) Determine the throat area.
(c) Calculate the exit
11. Two venturi meters as shown in Fig-1(a) are installed in a 30 cm diameter duct that is
insulated. The conditions are such that sonic flow exists at each throat (i.e. M 1=M4=1.0).
Although, each venturi is isentropic, the connecting duct has friction and hence losses exist
between sections 2 and 3. p1= 3 bar (abs.), and p4= 2.5 bar (abs.). If the diameter at section-1
is 15 cm and the fluid is air, find the following:
(i) Compute the change in entropy, Δs23 for the connecting duct.

(ii) Find the diameter at section 4.


1 2 3 4

Fig-1(a)
12. Assuming the flow of a perfect gas in an adiabatic, no work system, show that sonic
velocity corresponding to the stagnation condition (𝑎0 ) is related to sonic velocity
𝒂∗ 𝟐
(𝑎∗ ) where the Mach number is unity by the following equation: =√
𝒂𝟎 𝜸+𝟏

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