Units Topics

Section A: Physical Chemistry REMARK (COMPLETION)

Matter and its nature, Dalton’s
atomic theory; Concept of atom,
molecule, element and compound;
Physical quantities and their
measurements in Chemistry,
Unit 1: Some precision and accuracy, significant
Basic Concepts figures, S.I. Units, dimensional
In Chemistry analysis; Laws of chemical
combination; Atomic and molecular
masses, mole concept, molar mass,
percentage composition, empirical
and molecular formulae; Chemical
equations and stoichiometry.
Classification of matter into solid, liquid
and gaseous states.
Gaseous State: Measurable properties of
gases; Gas laws – Boyle’s law, Charle’s
law, Graham’s law of diffusion,
Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of partial
pressure; Concept of Absolute scale of
temperature; Ideal gas equation; Kinetic
theory of gases (only postulates);
Concept of average, root mean square
and most probable velocities; Real gases,
deviation from Ideal behaviour,
compressibility factor and van der Waals
Unit 2: States Of equation.
Matter Liquid State: Properties of liquids –
vapour pressure, viscosity and surface
tension and effect of temperature on them
(qualitative treatment only).
Solid State: Classification of solids:
molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic
solids, amorphous and crystalline solids
(elementary idea); Bragg’s Law and its
applications; Unit cell and lattices,
packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp
lattices), voids, calculations involving unit
cell parameters, imperfection in solids;
Electrical, magnetic and dielectric
properties.
Thomson and Rutherford atomic models
and their limitations; Nature of
electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric
effect; Spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr
model of hydrogen atom – its postulates,
derivation of the relations for energy of
the electron and radii of the different
orbits, limitations of Bohr’s model; Dual
nature of matter, de-Broglie’s
Unit 3: Atomic relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty
Structure principle.
Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics,
quantum mechanical model of atom, its
important features, concept of atomic
orbitals as one electron wave functions;
various quantum numbers (principal,
angular momentum and magnetic
quantum numbers) and their significance;
shapes of s, p and d – orbitals, electron
 spin and spin quantum number; Rules for
filling electrons in orbitals – aufbau
principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and
Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of
elements, extra stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.
Unit 4: Chemical
Bonding And Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical
Molecular bond formation, concept of ionic and
Structure covalent bonds.

Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds,

factors affecting the formation of ionic
bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
Covalent Bonding: Concept of
electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole
moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of
simple molecules. Quantum mechanical
approach to covalent bonding: Valence
bond theory – Its important features,
concept of hybridization involving s, p and
d orbitals; Resonance.
Molecular Orbital Theory – Its important
features, LCAOs, types of molecular
orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma
and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic
configurations of homonuclear diatomic
molecules, concept of bond order, bond
length and bond energy.
Fundamentals of thermodynamics:
System and surroundings, extensive and
intensive properties, state functions,
types of processes.
First law of thermodynamics – Concept of
work, heat internal energy and enthalpy,
heat capacity, molar heat capacity;
Unit 5: Chemical Hess’s law of constant heat summation;
Thermodynamics Enthalpies of bond dissociation,
combustion, formation, atomization,
sublimation, phase transition, hydration,
ionization and solution. Second law of
thermodynamics; Spontaneity of
processes; DS of the universe and DG of
the system as criteria for spontaneity,
Dgo (Standard Gibbs energy change)
and equilibrium constant.
Different methods for expressing
concentration of solution – molality,
molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by
volume and mass both), vapour pressure
of solutions and Raoult’s Law – Ideal and
non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure –
composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal
Unit 6: Solutions solutions; Colligative properties of dilute
solutions – relative lowering of vapour
pressure, depression of freezing point,
elevation of boiling point and osmotic
pressure; Determination of molecular
mass using colligative properties;
Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff
factor and its significance.
Unit 7: Meaning of equilibrium, concept of
Equilibrium dynamic equilibrium.
Equilibria involving physical
processes: Solid -liquid, liquid – gas and
solid – gas equilibria, Henry’s law,
general characterics of equilibrium
involving physical processes.
Equilibria involving chemical processes:
Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium
constants (Kp and Kc) and their
significance, significance of DG and DGo
in chemical equilibria, factors affecting
equilibrium concentration, pressure,
temperature, effect of catalyst; Le
Chatelier’s principle.
Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong
electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes,
various concepts of acids and bases
(Arrhenius, Bronsted – Lowry and Lewis)
and their ionization, acid – base equilibria
(including multistage ionization) and
ionization constants, ionization of water,
pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis
of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility
of sparingly soluble salts and solubility
products, buffer solutions.
Electronic concepts of oxidation and
reduction, redox reactions, oxidation
number, rules for assigning oxidation
number, balancing of redox reactions.
Electrolytic and metallic conduction,
conductance in electrolytic solutions,
specific and molar conductivities and their
variation with concentration:
Unit 8: Redox Kohlrausch’s law and its applications.
Reactions And
Electrochemistry Electrochemical cells – Electrolytic and
Galvanic cells, different types of
electrodes, electrode potentials including
standard electrode potential, half – cell
and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell
and its measurement; Nernst equation
and its applications; Relationship
between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy
change; Dry cell and lead accumulator;
Fuel cells.

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors

affecting the rate of reactions:
concentration, temperature, pressure and
catalyst; elementary and complex
reactions, order and molecularity of
reactions, rate law, rate constant and its
Unit 9 : Chemical units, differential and integral forms of
Kinetics zero and first order reactions, their
characteristics and half – lives, effect of
temperature on rate of reactions –
Arrhenius theory, activation energy and
its calculation, collision theory of
bimolecular gaseous reactions (no
derivation).
 Adsorption- Physisorption and
chemisorption and their characteristics,
factors affecting adsorption of gases on
solids – Freundlich and Langmuir
adsorption isotherms, adsorption from
solutions.
Colloidal state- distinction among true
Unit10 : Surface solutions, colloids and suspensions,
Chemistry classification of colloids – lyophilic,
lyophobic; multi molecular,
macromolecular and associated colloids
(micelles), preparation and properties of
colloids – Tyndall effect, Brownian
movement, electrophoresis, dialysis,
coagulation and flocculation; Emulsions
and their characteristics.

Section B: Inorganic Chemistry REMARK (COMPLETION)

Modem periodic law and present form of
Unit 11:
the periodic table, s, p, d and f block
Classification of
elements, periodic trends in properties of
Elements And
elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization
Periodicity In
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence,
Properties
oxidation states and chemical reactivity.
Modes of occurrence of elements in
nature, minerals, ores; Steps involved in
Unit 12: General the extraction of metals – concentration,
Principles and reduction (chemical and electrolytic
Processes Of methods) and refining with special
Isolation Of reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn
Metals and Fe; Thermodynamic and
electrochemical principles involved in the
extraction of metals.
Position of hydrogen in periodic table,
isotopes, preparation, properties and
uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical
Unit 13:
properties of water and heavy water;
Hydrogen
Structure, preparation, reactions and
uses of hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen as
a fuel.
Group – 1 and 2 Elements: General
Unit 14: S –
introduction, electronic configuration and
Block Elements
general trends in physical and chemical
(Alkali And
properties of elements, anomalous
Alkaline Earth
properties of the first element of each
Metals)
group, diagonal relationships.
Preparation and properties of some
important compounds – sodium
carbonate and sodium hydroxide;
Industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster
of Paris and cement; Biological
significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.

Group – 13 to Group 18 Elements:

General Introduction: Electronic
configuration and general trends in
Unit 15: P –
physical and chemical properties of
Block Elements
elements across the periods and down
the groups; unique behaviour of the first
element in each group.

GroupWise study of the p – block

elements
 Group – 13: Preparation, properties and
uses of boron and aluminium; properties
of boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride,
aluminium chloride and alums.
Group – 14: Allotropes of carbon,
tendency for catenation; Structure &
properties of silicates, and zeolites.
Group – 15: Properties and uses of
nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotropic
forms of phosphorus; Preparation,
properties, structure and uses of
ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and
phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5);
Structures of oxides and oxoacids of
phosphorus.
Group – 16: Preparation, properties,
structures and uses of ozone; Allotropic
forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties,
structures and uses of sulphuric acid
(including its industrial preparation);
Structures of oxoacids of sulphur.
Group – 17: Preparation, properties and
uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the
acidic nature of hydrogen halides;
Structures of Interhalogen compounds
and oxides and oxoacids of halogens.
Group –18: Occurrence and uses of
noble gases; Structures of fluorides and
oxides of xenon.
Transition Elements: General
introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence and characteristics, general
trends in properties of the first-row
transition elements – physical properties,
ionization enthalpy, oxidation states,
atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour,
UNIT 16: D – And magnetic properties, complex formation,
F – BLOCK interstitial compounds, alloy formation;
ELEMENTS Preparation, properties and uses of K2
Cr2 O7 and KMnO4.
Inner Transition Elements: Lanthanoids –
Electronic configuration, oxidation states
and lanthanoid contraction.
Actinoids – Electronic configuration and
oxidation states.
Introduction to co-ordination compounds,
Werner’s theory; ligands, co-ordination
number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC
nomenclature of mononuclear co-
Unit 17: Co- ordination compounds, isomerism;
Ordination Bonding-Valence bond approach and
Compounds basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour
and magnetic properties; Importance of
co-ordination compounds (in qualitative
analysis, extraction of metals and in
biological systems).
-Environmental pollution – Atmospheric,
water and soil.
-Atmospheric pollution – Tropospheric
Unit 18:
and Stratospheric
Environmental
-Tropospheric pollutants – Gaseous
Chemistry
pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and
sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources,
harmful effects and prevention;
 Greenhouse effect and Global warming;
Acid rain;
-Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust,
smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful
effects and prevention.
-Stratospheric pollution- Formation and
breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone
layer – its mechanism and effects.
-Water Pollution – Major pollutants such
as, pathogens, organic wastes and
chemical pollutants; their harmful effects
and prevention.
-Soil pollution – Major pollutants such as:
Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and
fungicides), their harmful effects and
prevention. Strategies to control
environmental pollution.

Section C: Organic Chemistry REMARK (COMPLETION)

Purification – Crystallization, sublimation,
distillation, differential extraction and
chromatography – principles and their
applications

Unit 19: Qualitative analysis – Detection of

Purification And nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and
Characterisation halogens.
Of Organic Quantitative analysis (basic principles
Compounds only) – Estimation of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus.
Calculations of empirical formulae and
molecular formulae; Numerical problems
in organic quantitative analysis.
Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple
molecules – hybridization (s and p);
Unit 20: Some Classification of organic compounds
Basic Principles based on functional groups: – C = C –, –
Of Organic C h C – and those containing halogens,
Chemistry oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur;
Homologous series; Isomerism –
structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and
heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations
and carbanions; stability of carbocations
and free radicals, electrophiles and
nucleophiles.
Electronic displacement in a covalent
bond – Inductive effect, electromeric
effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
Classification, isomerism, IUPAC
nomenclature, general methods of
preparation, properties and reactions.
Alkanes – Conformations: Sawhorse and
Newman projections (of ethane);
Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.
Unit 21:
Hydrocarbons Alkenes – Geometrical isomerism;
Mechanism of electrophilic addition:
addition of hydrogen, halogens, water,
hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and
peroxide effect); Ozonolysis and
polymerization.
 Alkynes – Acidic character; Addition of
hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen
halides; Polymerization.
Aromatic hydrocarbons – Nomenclature,
benzene – structure and aromaticity;
Mechanism of electrophilic substitution:
halogenation, nitration, Friedel – Craft’s
alkylation and acylation, directive
influence of functional group in mono-
substituted benzene.
General methods of preparation,
Unit 22: Organic properties and reactions; Nature of C-X
Compounds bond; Mechanisms of substitution
Containing reactions.
Halogens Uses; Environmental effects of
chloroform & iodoform.
Unit 23: Organic
Compounds General methods of preparation,
Containing properties, reactions and uses.
Oxygen
Alcohols: Identification of primary,
secondary and tertiary alcohols;
mechanism of dehydration.
Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic
substitution reactions: halogenation,
nitration and sulphonation, Reimer –
Tiemann reaction.
Ethers: Structure.
Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of
Alcohols, carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to
Phenols And >C=O group, relative reactivities of
Ethers aldehydes and ketones; Important
reactions such as –
Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition
of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives),
Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction
(Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity
of r – hydrogen, aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction;
Chemical tests to distinguish between
aldehydes and Ketones.
Acidic strength and factors affecting it.
Carboxylic Acids

General methods of preparation,

properties, reactions and uses. Amines:
UNIT 24:
Nomenclature, classification, structure,
ORGANIC
basic character and identification of
COMPOUNDS
primary, secondary and tertiary amines
CONTAINING
and their basic character. Diazonium
NITROGEN
Salts: Importance in synthetic organic
chemistry.

General introduction and classification of

polymers, general methods of
polymerization-addition and
UNIT 25: condensation, copolymerization; Natural
POLYMERS and synthetic rubber and vulcanization;
some important polymers with emphasis
on their monomers and uses – polythene,
nylon, polyester and Bakelite.

UNIT 26: General introduction and importance of

BIOMOLECULES biomolecules. CARBOHYDRATES –
 Classification: aldoses and ketoses;
monosaccharides (glucose and fructose)
and constituent monosaccharides of
oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and
maltose).
PROTEINS – Elementary Idea of r –
amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides;
Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structure (qualitative idea
only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
VITAMINS – Classification and functions.
NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution
of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of
nucleic acids.
Chemicals in medicines – Analgesics,
tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,
antimicrobials, antifertility drugs,
UNIT 27: antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines –
CHEMISTRY IN their meaning and common examples.
EVERYDAY LIFE Chemicals in food – Preservatives,
artificial sweetening agents – common
examples. Cleansing agents – Soaps and
detergents, cleansing action.
Detection of extra elements (N,S,
halogens) in organic compounds;
Detection of the following functional
groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic),
carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl
and amino groups in organic compounds.
Chemistry involved in the preparation of
the following: Inorganic compounds:
Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic
UNIT 28: compounds: Acetanilide,
PRINCIPLES pnitroacetanilide, aniline yellow,
RELATED TO iodoform.
PRACTICAL
CHEMISTRY Chemistry involved in the titrimetric
exercises – Acids bases and the use of
indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s
salt vs KMnO4.
Chemical principles involved in the
qualitative salt analysis: Cations – Pb2+,
Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+,
Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+. Anions- CO3 2-, S2-
, SO4 2-, NO2-, NO3-, CI -, Br, I.
(Insoluble salts excluded).
Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4

Chemical Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid

principles and strong base.
involved in the Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic
following sols.
experiments:
Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with
hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.