Important Questions

HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Q.1 What is the role of education?

Expected Answer: The role of education is to facilitate the development of the competence
to live with Definite Human Conduct.
Q.2 What do you understand by Physical Facility?
Expected Answer:If our living is only for physical facility, then we are living with animal
consciousness, because animals live only for physical facility and are fulfilled by that, not
human beings.
Q.3What do you mean by Natural Acceptance?
Expected Answer:Natural acceptance implies unconditional & total acceptance of the self,
people and environment. This concept of natural acceptance is termed as ‘Sahaj – Sukriti’.
Q.4Define prosperity.
Expected Answer:Prosperity is a feeling of having more than required Physical facilities; it
is not just physical facilities.
Q.5List the values (feelings) included in human relationship.
Expected Answer:
Feelings in relationship:
1.Trust (FOUNDATION VALUE)
2.Respect
3.Affection
4.Care
5.Guidance
6.Reverence
7. Glory
8. Gratitude
9. Love (COMPLETE VALUE)
Q.6 Define Swasthya.(Health)?
Expected Answer:Swasthya refers to welfare. It refers to the condition of the body where
every part of the body is properly performing its expected function. This leads to harmony
within an individual.
Q.7 Define ‘trust’. How can you say that trust is the foundation value?
Expected Answer:Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured
that each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous” is
known as trust. Having faith in others and believing them. It is the foundation value because
it helps to improve our competence in others and in ourselves.
Q.8 Define Harmony.
Expected Answer: Harmony is all about realizing the fact of brotherhood in every human
being. Harmony means to live with happiness at four levels, harmony within an individual,
harmony with society, harmony with family and harmony with nature.

Q.2.1 Critically examine the prevailing notions of happiness in the society and their
consequences.
Expected Answer:
Happiness may be defined as being in harmony/synergy in the state/ situation that I live in.
“A state or situation in which I live, if there is harmony in it then I like to be in that
state / situation. The state of liking is happiness.” Whereas, prosperity is the “feeling of
having or making available more than required physical facilities”.
In the current scenario, we are generally trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by
maximizing accumulation and consumption of physical facilities. This is an attempt to
achieve happiness through pleasant sensory interactions. The physical facilities are not seen
in terms of fulfilling bodily needs but as a means of maximizing happiness.
Some of the consequences of such a trend are summarized below:
1. At the level of the individual – Rising problems of depression, psychological disorders,
suicides, stress, insecurity, psycho-somatic diseases, loneliness etc.
2. At the level of the family – Breaking of joint families, mistrust, conflict between older
and younger generations, insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry tortures, family feuds,
wasteful expenditure in family functions etc.
3. At the level of the Society – Growing incidences of terrorism and naxalism, rising
communalism, spreading casteism, racial and ethnic struggle, wars between nations, attempts
of genocide, fear of nuclear and genetic warfare, etc.
4. At the level of nature – Global warming, water, air, soil, noise, etc. pollution, resource
depletion of minerals and mineral oils, sizeable deforestations, loss of fertility of soil.
It therefore, calls for an urgent need for human beings to correctly understand happiness and
prosperity as well as the sustainable way to achieve these.
Q.2.2 “Physical facilities are necessary but not complete for human beings. Do you
agree with this statement? Support your answer with reasons and examples.
Expected Answer: Physical facilities are necessary and complete for animals, while they are
necessary but not complete for humans. It is easy to verify.
For Animals: Animals need physical things to survive, mainly to take care of their body. For
example; cow will look for food when it is hungry. Once it gets the grass or fodder. It eats it,
sits around to chew at leisure. Hence, we can say that as long as animals have physical things,
they are largely fine. They don’t desire other things like knowledge or a peaceful animal
society or getting a good MBA.
For Humans: While physical facilities are necessary for human beings, they are not
complete by themselves to fulfil our needs. Our needs are more than just physical facilities.
We all have other needs, other plans, perhaps we think of going to a movie or reading a book,
or go to college, or watch some TV, or spend time with family and friends…. this list is
endless. Thus, it is easy to see that while physical facilities are necessary for us human
beings, they are not complete by themselves to fulfil our needs.
Hence, we can say that for animals – “Physical facilities are necessary and complete.”
For humans “Physical facilities are necessary but not complete.”

Q.2.3Explain the following abbreviations SVDD, SSDD & SSSS?

Expected Answer:
To achieve our basic aspirations, we need to work for right understanding as the base on
which we can work for relationship and then physical facilities. Today we are not working
according to this that’s why we can see that there are two kinds of people in the world:
1. Those that do not have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e.
SVDD: Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Daridra – Materially Deficient, Unhappy and Deprived.
2. Those that have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e. SSDD:
Sadhan Sampann Dukhi Daridra – Materially Affluent, Unhappy and Deprived. But these are
states we don’t want to be in. We want to move from this to third category i.e.
3. Having physical facilities and feeling happy and prosperous i.e. SSSS: Sadhan Sampann
Sukhi Samriddha – Materially Adequate, Happy and Prosperous.
Presently, as we look around, we find most of the people in the above two categories called
SVDD and SSDD, while the natural acceptance of all human beings is to be in the category
of SSSS.
OR
Q.2.1 “For success in any human endeavour both values and skills are required.”
Explain.
Expected Answer:Values means importance or participation and skills means qualities,
training, and capabilities. To fulfil our aspirations both values and skills are necessary.
When we identify and set the right goals and produced in right direction. This is known as
value domain, the domain of wisdom. Basically, we must know what really is useful to
achieve human happiness, the happiness to all and for all the time.
And when we learn and practices to actualize this goal to develop the techniques to make
this happen in real life, in various dimensions of human endeavour (struggle). This is
known as domain of skills. Hence, there is an essential complementarity between values
and skills for the success of any human endeavour.
For example, I want to lead a healthy life. Only wishing for good health will not help me
keep my body fit and healthy and without having understood the meaning of health, I will
not be able to choose things correctly to keep my body fit and healthy. So i have to learn
the skills to achieve the goal of good health i.e. food to be consumed, the physical
workout to be designed. So, without knowing the meaning of good health, health cannot
be achieved and also it is necessary to make use of the goal to achieve the goal of the
goal.
Q.2.2Right Understanding + Relationship = Mutual fulfillment
Right Understanding + Physical Facilities = Mutual Prosperity
Illustrate the above with two examples for each.
Expected Answer:Our basic aspirations are happiness (mutual fulfilment) and prosperity
(mutual prosperity). Happiness is ensured by the relationships with other human beings
and prosperity is ensured by working on physical facilities.

Right Understanding: This refers to higher order human skills – the need to learn and
utilize our intelligence most effectively.

Example: The right understanding gained through self-exploration enables us to identify

the definitiveness of human conduct which may also be called the ethical human conduct.
It is the same for all human beings.

So, we are also able to understand the universality of ethical human conduct which is in
consonance with the universal human values. Unless we have the right understanding, we
are not able to identify the definitiveness of ethical human conduct.

Good Relationships: This refers to the interpersonal relationships that a person builds in
his or her life – at home, at the workplace and in society.

Physical Facilities: This includes the physiological needs of individuals and indicates the
necessities as well as the comforts of life. It means the feeling of having or being able to
have more physical facilities than is needed.
 In order to resolve the issues in human relationships, we need to understand them first,
and this would come from ‘right understanding of relationship’. Similarly, in order to be
prosperous and to enrich nature, we need to have the ‘right understanding’. The ‘right
understanding’ will enable us to work out our requirements for physical facilities and
hence correctly distinguish the difference between wealth and prosperity. With nature as
well, we need to understand the harmony in nature, and how we can complement this
harmony.

Q. Self-exploration is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really
want to be’. Explain and illustrate.
Expected Answer:Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by
investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself.
Through self-exploration we get the value of our self. It is a process of focusing attention on
our self, our present beliefs and aspirations vis-à-vis what we really want to be (that is to say,
what is naturally acceptable to us). If these two are the same, then there is no problem. If on
investigation we find that these two are not the same, then it means we are living with this
contradiction (of not being what we really want to be) and hence, we need to resolve this
contradiction this conflict within us. It is a process of discovering that there is something
innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables us to look at our confusions
and contradictions within and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

Q. “Human being is a co-existence of the Self and the Body” – elaborate on this
statement.
Expected Answer: The human being is the co-existence of ‘I’ and the body, and there is
exchange of information between the two, i.e. ‘I’ and body exist together and are related.
There is a flow of information from ‘I’ to the body and from body to the ‘I’. We can make
this distinction between the self and the body in three ways in terms of the needs, activities
and the types of these two entities. All the needs of I, say respect, trust, etc., can be called as
Happiness (such), while the needs of body are physical facilities (suvidha) like food. The two
things are qualitatively different. There is no relevance of quantity for the needs of I as it is
qualitative, while the needs of body are quantitative, and they are limited in quantity.
The activities of ‘I’ are activities like, desire, thinking, selection, while the activities of body
are activities like eating, breathing etc. The mode of interaction of ‘I’ includes knowing,
assuming, recognizing and fulfilment. The fulfilment depends on recognition depends on
assumptions and assumptions depends on knowing or not knowing (beliefs). To conclude we
can say that the human being can be understood in terms of a co-existence of two entirely
distinct entities, namely sentient ‘I’ and material body. Their needs and activities are quite
different and have to be understood accordingly. But these two constituents of human being
are to act in close synergy with each other.
Q. What do you mean by Sanyam? How does it ensure harmony with the body?
Explain.
Expected Answer:
Sanyam means the feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection and right
utilization of the body. Self – control or sanyama is the control of the mind and its desires,
urges, emotions and delusions. It is controlling the outgoing tendencies of the mind and the
senses and bringing them back to our self within. Swasthya is the condition of the body
where every part of the body is performing its expected function. The word swasthya literally
means being anchored to the self, being in close harmony with the self. In other
words,swasthya, in Sanskrit means self -dependence (swa = your own). Also, embedded in its
meaning are health, sound state, comfort and satisfaction. So, we can say that Sanyam
ensures swasthya.With right understanding, I get self-organized and take care of the body
properly. With lack of right understanding, I am able to do it and the body becomes
unhealthy. With right understanding and right feelings, the body gets favourably affected. For
example; when I am happy, the temperature and pressure in the body are normal, when I am
angry or tense, they get upset. It means if I am in disharmony, say in anger or stress or
despair, it immediately starts affecting the body adversely. There are many diseases of the
body that are caused due to disharmony in ‘I’. These are called psychosomatic disease, such
as asthma, allergies, migraine, diabetes, hypertension etc. so we can say that sanyam has a
strong effect on swasthya.

OR
Q. What is the difference between respect and differentiation?
Expected Answer:
Difference between respect and differentiation
Respect Differentiation
1. Respect is right evaluation. 1. Differentiation is lack of understanding of
respect.
2. Respect for others is generated  This differentiation can take the form
by the right evaluation and of:
understanding which leads to
fulfilment in relationships. This  Gender bias
further creates a sense of respect  Generation gap
among people
 Caste struggle
  Power play and domination
 Communal violence
 Clash of race, religion, etc.
 Class struggle,

Respect means accepting individuality and doing right evaluation (to be evaluated as I am).
Our basis for respect today is largely quite contrary to our discussion above. Instead of
respect being a basis of similarity or one of right evaluation, we have made it into something
on the basis of which we differentiate i.e. by respecting you mean you are doing something
special, because you are special or have something special or are in some special position.
Thus, all of us are running around seeking respect from one another by trying to become
something special.
Today, we are differentiating in the name of respect. We either differentiate people on the
basis of their body, on the basis of their wealth and possessions or on the basis of their
beliefs. There is no notion of respect in terms of right evaluation. Thus, there is no real
feeling of relationship, only one of differentiation.
Q. What are the foundational values of relationships? How can they be used to ensure
strong and mutually relationships?
Expected Answer: There are certain basic and important values in maintaining relationship.
These values, we all know, are the backbone of health and happy family relations. The
feelings, emotions, sentiments and respect all are of real importance. These values lead to
elimination of friction and establishment of total harmony in relationship on long term basis.
Values that are important in any relationship are
1. Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each
human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous.” If we have
trust in the other, we are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary.
2. Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is
the first basic step towards respect (sammana).
3. Affection: Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Affection comes when I
recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar.
4.Care: The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative. Or in
other words a state of mind in which one is troubled; worry, anxiety, or concern is called
care.
5.Guidance: The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my
relative) is called guidance. We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and
feelings. We also understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural
acceptance, desire of wanting continuous happiness and the program of living in harmony at
all the four levels.
6.Reverence: The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence.
7.Glory: Each one of us wants to live with continuous happiness and prosperity. Each one of
us has the similar faculty of natural acceptance, has the same goal and program and we have
the same potential to realize this. Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for
excellence.
8.Gratitude: Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my
excellence.
9.Love: Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love
is a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend.
This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness
to all human beings.
The above-mentioned values are the core of all relations. One has to follow all to gain on the
day to day problems. These values are intrinsic and available in every person.