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Assignment 1: Problem 1.1

1. The document contains an assignment with three hydrology problems and their solutions. The first problem involves calculating the storage change of a lake over a month given inflow, outflow, seepage, precipitation, and evaporation. The second problem involves calculating the available annual withdrawal from a reservoir given rainfall, runoff, reservoir area, and evaporation. The third problem involves calculating the total annual evaporation from a catchment area given precipitation, groundwater outflow, water consumption, and river outflow.

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55 views

Assignment 1: Problem 1.1

1. The document contains an assignment with three hydrology problems and their solutions. The first problem involves calculating the storage change of a lake over a month given inflow, outflow, seepage, precipitation, and evaporation. The second problem involves calculating the available annual withdrawal from a reservoir given rainfall, runoff, reservoir area, and evaporation. The third problem involves calculating the total annual evaporation from a catchment area given precipitation, groundwater outflow, water consumption, and river outflow.

Uploaded by

anderson crofort
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIVE-323 Hydrology and Water Resources Fall term

__________________________________________________________________________________________

McGill University
Department of Civil engineering and Applied Mechanics
CIVE-323 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES
Instructor: Dr. Tan-Danh Nguyen
__________________________________________________________________________

ASSIGNMENT 1
Given date: September 20, 2010 – Due date: September 27, 2010

Problem 1.1.

A lake with a surface of 525 acres was monitored over a period of time. During a one-month
period, the inflow was 30 cfs, the outflow was 27 cfs, and a 1.5 in. seepage loss was measured.
During the same month, the total precipitation was 4.25 in., evaporation loss was estimated as 6.0
in. Estimate the storage change for this lake during the month.

Problem 1.2.

From the hydrologic records of over 50 years on a drainage basin of area 500 km2, the average
annual rainfall is estimated as 90 cm, and the average annual runoff as 33 cm. A reservoir in the
basin, having an average surface area of 1700 hectares, is planned at the basin outlet to collect
available runoff for supplying water to a nearby community. The annual evaporation over the
reservoir surface is estimated as 130 cm. There is no ground water leakage or inflow to the basin.
Determine the available average annual withdrawal from the reservoir for water supply, assuming
that over a large number of years the average annual values of beginning and end of year storage
will be equal.

Problem 1.3.

A city is supplied by water from a 1250-ha catchment area. The average water consumption of the
community is 50,000 m3/day. The annual precipitation in the region is 412 cm. A river with an
average annual flow of 0.35 m3/s originates in and flows out of the catchment area. If the net
annual groundwater outflow from the area is equivalent to a 16-cm depth of water, what is the
total evaporation loss in cubic meters per year, which if exceeded, would cause a shortage of the
water supply to the community? Assume that the storages of water in the area at the beginning
and at the end of the year are equal.

Assignment. Page 1
CIVE-323 Hydrology and Water Resources Fall term
__________________________________________________________________________________________

McGill University
Department of Civil engineering and Applied Mechanics
CIVE-323 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES
Instructor: Dr. Tan-Danh Nguyen
__________________________________________________________________________

SOLUTION TO ASSIGNMENT 1
Solution 1.1.

1 acre-ft = 43560 ft3.

ΔS = P + I – O – Oseepage – E = P + (I – O) – Oseepage – E
 ft 3 ft 3   24 hrs  3600 s  1 acre - ft  1   12 in  
ΔS = 4.25 in. +  30 − 27 (30 days )   3     
 s s   1 day  1 hr  43560 ft  525 acres   1 ft  
– 1.5 in – 6.0 in.

ΔS = 0.83 in.
 1 ft 
ΔS = 0.83 in  (525 acres ) = 36.31 acres-ft.
 12 in 
ft 3
ΔS = 36.31 acres-ft x 43560 =1,581,663.6 ft3.
acre - ft
Solution 1.2.

The continuity equation for the reservoir is

ΔS = S2 – S1 = I – O

Over the large number of years we can assume that S1 ≈ S 2 , hence:

S 2 − S1 = I − O = 0

The average annual inflow is:

1m 1m
I = (33 cm x )(500 x 106 m2) + (90 cm x )(1700 x 104 m2) = 180.3 x 106 m3.
100 cm 100 cm

The average annual outflow is:

1m
O = (130 cm x )(1700 x 104 m2) + Qwithdrawal = 22.1 x 106 m3 + Qwithdrawal
100 cm

Hence: I − O = 180.3 x 106 m3 − (22.1 x 106 m3 + Qwithdrawal) = 0

 Qwithdrawal = 180.3 x 106 m2 − 22.1 x 106 m3 = 158.2 x 106 m3.

Assignment. Page 2
CIVE-323 Hydrology and Water Resources Fall term
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Solution 1.3.

Assuming that the storage of water in the area at the beginning and at the end of the year are the
same, then ΔS = 0. The water balance equation is

ΔS
= I −O= 0
Δt

From the problem:

I = Precipitation

O = GWF + Evaporation + Watercon. + RiverOut.

 ΔS = Δt.I − Δt(GWF + Evaporation + WaterCon. + RiverOut.) = 0

 Δt. Evaporation = Δt.I − Δt(GWF + WaterCon. + RiverOut.)

Δt. Evaporation = Δt.I − Δt.GWF − Δt.WaterCon. − Δt.RiverOut.

1m 10 4 m 2
Δt.I = 412 cm x x 1250 ha x = 51.5 x 106 m3.
100 cm ha

1m 10 4 m 2
Δt.GWF = 16 cm x x 1250 ha x = 2 x 106 m3.
100 cm ha

Δt.WaterCon. = (365 days) x (50000 m3/day) = 18.25 x 106 m3.

Δt.RiverOut. = (365 days x 86400 s/day) x (0.35 m3/s) = 11.0376 x 106 m3.

Therefore:

Δt. Evaporation = (51.5 − 2 − 18.25 − 11.0376) x 106 = 20.2124 x 106 m3.

20.2124 x 10 6 m 3
Or Evaporation = = 20.2124 x 106 m3/year.
1 year

Assignment. Page 3

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