Balanced Voltage Sag Correction Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Based Fuzzy Polar Controller

Margo P, M. Heri P, M. Ashari, and T. Hiyama*)

Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia
*)
Dept. of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
[email protected]

Abstract function of conventional fuzzy logic controller can be

minimized using fuzzy polar method.
Many controllers based fuzzy logic have been applied This paper presents DVR based fuzzy polar
on electric power system. Frequently, time response of controller to compensate balanced voltage sag on
the fuzzy controllers is slowly, because the number of electric distribution systems. Fuzzy polar controller
membership functions are too many. Many research parameters are constructed to determine the value of
are proposed to minimize the number of membership injection voltage to compensate voltage drop which is
function, such as fuzzy polar controller method. By caused by three phase fault. The results of this
using this method, number of membership function can simulation show that DVR based fuzzy polar controller
be minimized, so the time response of the controller can compensate balanced voltage sag better than PI
become faster. This paper presents the Dynamic controller.
Voltage Restorer (DVR) based Fuzzy Polar Controller
Method to compensate balanced voltage sag. 2. Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Simulation results show that this proposed method can
compensate balanced voltage sag better than PI The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a custom
controller. power device that is connected in series with line
distribution system, as shown in Fig. 1. The DVR uses
semiconductor devices, such as Insulated Gate Bipolar
1. Introduction Transistors (IGBTs). It can maintain load voltage by
injecting three phase output voltages which magnitude,
Most of problems on power quality are voltage sag phase, and frequency can be controlled [1]. These three
and momentary power loss. Longer term outages are phase voltages are injected in synchronized with the
rare. Two important parameters of voltage sag are voltages in the distribution system.
magnitude and time duration
Commonly, compensation method using DVR is
done by using series AC voltage injection to
compensate voltage sag. Another method are applied
using injection in phase during sag event. By using this
method, the use of energy storage can be minimized,
but it can cause phase shifting.
Voltage sag which is caused by three phase fault
can be compensated by using DVR based Neural
Network (NN) [1,2]. This method can compensate the
voltage sag perfectly, but it takes long time response.
Conventional Fuzzy Logic Controller [3] can reduce Fig. 1. Block diagram of DVR
the time response, but this controller need too many
membership function. In the most sag correction technique, DVRs are
Many research are done to minimize the number applied to inject active power into distribution line
of membership function, such as fuzzy polar controller.
In reference [4], Hiyama shows that the membership

0-7695-2882-1/07 $25.00 ©2007 IEEE

 Fig. 2. Test system

during disturbance. Therefore, the capacity of energy Fuzzy polar consists of some parameters such as
storage can become a constraint factor in the distur- proportional-derivative controller, as shown in Fig. 3.
bance compensation process, especially for sags and Three basic parameters are derivative multiplier As,
long duration fault. the overlap angle of the angle membership function
Typically, DVR consists of three phase inverter, α, and the fuzzy distance level for the radial member,
energy storage, controller and booster transformer. In Dr. The operating point of polar coordinate can be
this paper, fuzzy polar is applied as a controller, and shown in Eq.(1) to (3).
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is
applied as control method on three phase inverter. p(k) =[Zs(k) AsZa(k)] (1)
Figure 2 shows the sensitive load voltage on D(k ) = Zs(k ) 2 + ( As.Za(k ))2 (2)
distribution system which is regulated by DVR based
fuzzy polar controller. Sensitive load voltage is θ(k) = tan-1(As.Za(k)/Zs(k)) (3)
represented by load 2. This figure is used as test system
in the simulation. DVR takes voltage signal at Bus A This controller is fed the input signal Zs and
as fuzzy polar input. The DVR injects voltage to Bus takes the derivative of this signal to find Za. Three
B through booster transformer. Three phase short other factors involved in the controller are maximum
circuits are applied in Bus C which can cause balanced signal control Umax , time sampling T, and delay time
voltage sag in Bus A. When voltage sag occurs in Bus DT. These parameters are often determined using
A, DVR will take action to inject active power to Bus external criteria. The defuzzification rules for the
B. So, Load 2 will be free from voltage sag controllers are shown in Eq. (4) [4],
disturbance.
U (k ) = G ( D(k ))[ N (θ (k )) − P (θ (k ))].U max (4)
3. Fuzzy Polar Controller Fuzzy variables are defined in Fig.3, Eq. (1) to
(3), and Umax represent maximum permitted control
In basic applications, Fuzzy controller is used to signal. Basic Model of fuzzy polar controller is shown
substitute the conventional PI compensator [5]. In this in Fig. 4 as follows.
paper, fuzzy polar is used as a controller on DVR. Fig. 4 is simplified model of fuzzy polar with
Fuzzy polar method have been developed for the single input and single output. Actually, there is only
application of control on electric power system one input, Zs. But, it needs derivative signal Za to
[4,6,7,8].
convert into the polar coordinate, as shown in Fig. 3. 4. Simulation Result
The output of fuzzy polar U is determined using Eq.
(4). The total time of the simulation is 5 cycles and the
Switching results of the simulation are compared with DVR based
Line As.Za(k)
PI. In this simulation, one cycle duration of three phase
fault is applied at 0.04 second on Bus C, which can
Sector A
α/2
cause balanced voltage sags at Bus A. DVR is installed
to maintain the voltage at sensitive load (Load 2). 50%
α/2 p(k) and 30% voltage sags are applied to examine the
D(k) Zs(k)
θ (k) performance of DVR. Fig. 6 shows the voltage time
O response without DVR when 50% voltage sag is
45 applied. Fig. 7 shows the voltage time response with
Sector B
DVR based PI. Voltage sags correction using DVR
based Fuzzy Polar Controller can be seen in Fig. 8.
According to the Fig 7 and 8, it is shown that the
compensation using DVR based Fuzzy Polar is better
than PI Controller.

Magnitude (pu)
1

-1

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

Time (second)
Fig. 6. 50% of voltage sags at bus A

1
Magnitude (pu)

0
Fig. 3. Fuzzy polar controller
-1
d Za
Input Rule U 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
dt Time (second)
Signal Zs Fuzzy Polar
Fig. 7. 50% sags correction using DVR based PI
Fig. 4. Fuzzy polar controller diagram controller

Fig. (5) is the detailed simulation model of

1
Magnitude (pu)

voltage regulator block which is shown in Fig. (2).

Polar d and polar q block in Fig. 5 are used to convert
signal into polar coordinate by using Eq. (1) to (3). 0
Sensing signal in abc coordinate is converted into dqo
coordinate using Park Transformation. The direct axis -1
voltage error ∆Vd and its derivative ∆Vd’ are 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
considered as the first input of fuzzy polar controller. Time (second)
The voltage error of quadrature axis ∆Vq and its Fig. 8. 50% sags correction using DVR based fuzzy
derivative ∆Vq’ are the second input of fuzzy polar polar controller
controller. The voltage reference of the regulator are Table 1 shows the percentage of restored voltage
Vdref=1 and Vqref=0. and error voltage correction using DVR based PI and
Fuzzy Polar Controller, which are caused by 50% and
30% voltage sags respectively.
 Fig. 5. Block diagram of the voltage regulator

Table 1. Percentage of restored voltage and error voltage correction

DVR based PI Controller DVR based Fuzzy Polar Controller
Phase
Before injected After Injected Error Correction Before injected After Injected Error Correction
A,B,C 50% 110% 10% 50% 100% 0%
A,B,C 30% 98% 2% 30% 97% 3%

5. Conclusions 8. References
DVR based PI Controller can maintain 50% [1] Francisco Jurado ”Neural Network Control For Dynamic
voltage sags at 110 % and 30% voltage sags at 98%. Voltage Restore” IEEE Transaction on Industrial
DVR based Fuzzy Polar Controller can maintain 50% Electronic. Vol 51,No.3, June 2004
[2] Margo Pujiantara, M Herry P, M Ashari, Imanda
voltage sags at 100 % and 30% voltage sags at 97%. “Dynamic Voltage Restorer Using Y connected Boost
According to the error average of all simulations, are Transformer Controlled by Backpropagation Neural
shown that the performance of DVR based Fuzzy Polar Network” SMELDA, Malang 2005
Controller better than DVR based PI Controller. [3] Fransisco Jurado, manuel Valverde :Voltage Correction
Further study for unbalance correction is being worked By Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Fuzzy Logic
to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Controller”: IEEE Transaction on Indutrial Electronics,
may 2003.
[4] Thomas H. Ortmeyer and T. Hiyama, “Frequency
6. Contribution Response Characteristics of The Fuzzy Polar Power
This research are dedicated for the development of System Stabilizer”, IEEE Transactions on Energy
science and technology. Its result is used to simplified Conversion, Vol. 10, No.2, June 1995.
[5] S.S Min, K.C. Lee, J.W. Song and K.B. Cho, “A fuzzy
DVR controller device. current controller for field-oriented controlled induction
machine by fuzzy rule”, in Proc. IEEE PESC, Toledo,
7. Acknowledgement Spain, 1992, pp. 265-270.
[6] T. Hiyama and T. Sameshima, “Fuzzy logic Control
Authors would like to thank JICA (Japan International Scheme for On-line Stabilization of Multimachine
Cooperation Agency) for supporting this research. This Power System”, Fuzzy Sets and System, Vol. 39, No. 2
joint research, between ITS, Kumamoto University and (1991) pp. 181-194.
Universities in Eastern part of Indonesia is supported [7] T. Hiyama, “Real Time Control of Micro-Machine
by JICA, under the Project of Research and Education System Using Microcomputer-Based Fuzzy Logic
Development on Information and Communication Power System Stabilizer”, IEEE Trans. on Energy
Technology (PREDICT), hosted by Institute of Conversion, Vol. 9, No.4, pp.724-731, 1994.
[8] T. Hiyama, “Robustness of Fuzzy Logic Power System
Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) – Indonesia. Stabilizers Applied to Multimachine Power Systems”,
IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. 9, No.3,
pp.451-459, 1994.