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Chapter 2 Shallow Foundation - Special Cases

This document discusses three special cases for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations: 1. When there is a rigid base located at a shallow depth below the foundation, modified shape factors are used to account for the shallow rigid base. 2. For a foundation located on top of a slope in cohesive soil, the bearing capacity formula uses stability and shape factors related to the slope geometry. 3. For foundations on slopes in cohesive or cohesionless soils, the bearing capacity formulas incorporate shape factors that account for the effects of the slope. Worked examples are provided for each case.

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Romeo Corneliez
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413 views

Chapter 2 Shallow Foundation - Special Cases

This document discusses three special cases for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations: 1. When there is a rigid base located at a shallow depth below the foundation, modified shape factors are used to account for the shallow rigid base. 2. For a foundation located on top of a slope in cohesive soil, the bearing capacity formula uses stability and shape factors related to the slope geometry. 3. For foundations on slopes in cohesive or cohesionless soils, the bearing capacity formulas incorporate shape factors that account for the effects of the slope. Worked examples are provided for each case.

Uploaded by

Romeo Corneliez
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation: Special


Cases

2.1. Foundation Supported by a Soil with a Rigid Base at Shallow Depth

Figure 1. Failure surface under a rough, continuous foundation with a rigid, rough base
located at a shallow depth

Neglecting the depth factors, the ultimate bearing capacity of rough circular nd
rectangular foundations on a sand layer (c’=0) wth a rough, rigid base located at a
shallow depth:
q u = 0 + qN ∗ q F ∗ qs + 12 γBN ∗ γ F ∗ γs

F ∗ qs and F ∗ γs are modified shape factors.

B B
F ∗ qs ≈ 1 − m1   and F ∗ γs ≈ 1 − m 2  
L L

For saturated clay (i.e., under the undrained condition, or φ’ = 0)


q u = cu N ∗ c + q

Problem:

A square foundation measuring 0.75 m x 0.75 m is constructed on a layer of sand. We are


given that Df = 0.6 m, γ = 17 kN/m2, φ’ = 35° and c’ = 0. A rock layer is located at a
depth of 0.5 m below the bottom of foundation. Using the factor of safety of 4, determine
the gross allowable load the foundation can carry.
Solution:

q u = 0 + qN ∗ q F ∗ qs + 12 γBN ∗ γ F ∗ γs
and
q u = γD f = 17 x 0.6 = 10.2 kN/m2

For φ’ = 35°, H/B = 0.5 / 0.75 = 0.67, N*q ≈ 90 and N*γ ≈ 50,
and
m1 = 0.34
B  0.75 
F ∗ qs = 1 − m1   = 1 − 0.34  = 0.66
L  0.75 
m2 = 0.45
B  0.75 
F ∗ γs = 1 − m2   = 1 − 0.45  = 0.55
L  0.75 
Hence,
q u = 0 + qN ∗ q F ∗ qs + 12 γBN ∗ γ F ∗ γs
= 0 + (10.2)(90)(0.66) + ½ (17)(0.75)(50)(0.55)
= 0 + 605.88 + 175.3125
= 781.1925 kN/m2
and
q u B 2 (781.1925)(0.75) 2
Qall = = = 109.855 kN
FS 4
2.2. Bearing Capacity of Foundation on Top of a Slope

Figure 2. Shallow foundation on top of a slope

qu = c ′N c q + 12 γBN γq

for purely granular soil, c’ = 0 ; q u = 12 γBN γq

for purely cohesive soil, φ = 0 (undrained condition) ; qu = cN c q

Problem:

In Figure 2. for a shallow continuous foundation in a clay, the following data is given: B
= 1.2 m; Df = 1.2 m ; b = 0.8 m ; H = 6.2 m ; β = 30° ; unit weight of soil = 17.5 kN/m3 ;
φ = 0 ; and c = 50 kN/m2. Determine the gross allowable bearing capacity with a factor of
safety FS = 4.

Solution:

Since B<H, the stability number Ns is assumed 0


qu = cN c q

Df / B = 1.2 / 1.2 = 1
b / B = 0.8 / 1.2 = 0.67
For β = 30° ; Df / B = 1 ; b / B = 0.67  Ncq = 6.3.
Hence,
qu = cN c q = (50)(6.3) = 315 kN/m2 and qall = qu / FS = 315 / 4 = 78.8 kN/m2.
2.3. Bearing Capacity of Foundation on a Slope

Figure 3. Shallow continuous foundation on a slope

for purely granular soil, c’ = 0 ; q u = 12 γBN γqs

for purely cohesive soil, φ = 0 (undrained condition) ; q u = cN cqs

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