Android Based Parking Booking System

ABSTRACT

The proposed project is a smart parking booking system that provides customers an easy way
of reserving a parking space online. It overcomes the problem of finding a parking space in
commercial areas that unnecessary consumes time. Hence this project offers a web based
reservation system where users can view various parking areas and select the space to view
whether space is available or not. If the booking space is available then he can book it for
specific time slot. The booked space will be marked red and will not be available for anyone
else for the specified time. This system provides an additional feature of cancelling the
bookings. User can cancel their books space anytime. Users can even make payment online
via credit card. After making payment users will get a notification on his/her phone with
unique parking number or can also check the bookings in his/her profile.

KEYWORDS: Android, GPS (Global positioning system), Application (software), etc.

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays parking has become an expensive resource in the almost any majorities in the
world, and its limited availability is the concurrent cause of urban traffic congestion and air
pollution. The common method of ending a parking space is manual where the driver usually
and a space on the street through luck and experience. The situation is such that on any given
working day approximately40% of the roads in urban India is taken up for just parking the
cars. The problem has been further exacerbated by the fact that nowadays even people from
the low-income group are able to own cars. Particularly in the cities and the big towns, there
is a problem where the supply-demand ratio makes parking a problem for parking space
providers, the motorists or both.

This paper describes in detail how such a system can be implemented. It does not make
use of any sophisticated devices or gadgets thereby ensuring it are economical to implement
at a larger scale too! The prime aim of this research is to develop an application that allows
the user to book a parking slot for him using his smart-phone and also make the payment
online using internet banking. Besides this system would be very handy for large parking
systems where it is difficult to locate the allotted slot; the user can see the shortest route to the
allotted slot on the mobile app itself and hence reach their easily. The best part of the system
lies in the fact that the entire system is connected to the cloud, so user can access the
database, know the current status of the parking and book a slot for him accordingly from
anywhere in the world. Also the database keeps track of the frequent users and accordingly
offers discounts and offers. Basically, the entire parking space is divided into slots, and every
slot has a unique QR code associated with it whose significance has been elaborated later in
this paper. In order to book a parking lot, the only thing that user needs to do is one time
registration and verification on the mobile application. Based on the current location of the
user, the app provides with all the nearest parking slots available. Then the user can pick the
default shortest parking as provided by the app or pick any other custom location of interest.
This mobile app facilitates the user to make payment through net banking or any other online
means (like wallet, free charge etc.), hence ensuring that no human intervention is needed to
complete the task. In order to ensure reliability, a timer is set as soon as the user books a slot
based on the user's current location. The user is expected to reach the allotted slot before time
runs out and scan the QR code corresponding to the slot which was selected (as mentioned
earlier). In case the user fails to reach the spot in time then either the user needs to book the
slot again or the user is liable to pay an extra amount as fine in order to use the same slot.
Once the QR code is successfully scanned the user can park his vehicle.

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the windows 7 and
designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets.
Android's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that
loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to
manipulate on screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input. In addition to
touch screen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android
Auto for cars and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.
Variants of Android are also used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, and other
electronics.

This paper proposes a Smart Parking System based on android technology for avoiding
the parking problems which provides process of pre-booking the slots through the use of a
simple and interactive Android application. This application is expected to provide an
efficient and cost-effective solution to the effluent vehicle parking problems. The paper
describes the overall system architecture of our application. The user needs to have an
Android enabled device to reap the benefits of this application. After installing the app, user
needs to mandatorily register with the application. Booking of the slot at user’s desired
location should be done four hours prior to the arrival. Payment services are made available
using Google Wallet in the future, so the user is required to own a credit card or debit card.
Penalty will be levied on late arrival as well as on over use of the slot after user specified
entry and exit time. The places where security surveillance (CCTVs) is made available will
be used by the administrator to keep a track of the vacant or occupied slots. Else, physical
presence of the administrator at the slot site will be required. During reservation process the
client needs to provide with details that includes booking person’s name, vehicle number,
expected entry and exit time.
PARK MOBILE

Park Mobile using token system currently offers its mobile payments program at 38 colleges
and universities spanning more than 75,000 parking spaces around the country [7]. As shown
in figure 1.2 one can check the proposed parking zone based on your GPS location and one
has to press start to start you’re parking session. You can also manually enter a parking zone
(the parking zone number on the meter or area sign) or choose a zone from your favorites.
There is also an option to pay the parking fee in the application itself.

Figure 1.2: Park mobile app

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Aswathy James., “Smart Car Parking with Reservation System using QR Generator”

In this project, we have presented a novel parking reservation system, called SPS with
Reservation, for the management of the of-street parking spots in consolidated cities. SPS
puts the management of parking spots into a different perspective that goes over the simple
The common method of ending a parking space is manual where the driver usually finds a
space on the street through luck and experience. This process takes time and effort and may
lead to the worst case of failing to and any parking space if the driver is driving in a city with
high vehicle density. In this paper, an attempt has been done to automate the car as well as the
car parking system with a Smart Parking System (SPS) which is based on the integration of
an Android app and QR Code reader. The introduction of a novel algorithm that increases the
efficiency of the current smart-parking system and develops an android app to collect
information about the occupancy state of parking spaces, and to inform the drivers to the
nearest vacant parking spot. .The entering into or leaving the parking slots is controlled by an
Android-based application. .The algorithm helps improve the probability of successful
parking and minimizes the user waiting time.

Hina C. Parmar., “Development of an Android Application for Smart Parking System”

The proposed application provides an easy way for reservation of parking slot. In this
application user can view various parking areas and also view whether space is available or
not. If the booking space is available then he can book it for specific time slot. Also, this
system provides additional features for user. The proposed system reduces drive frustration
and traffic by providing nearest parking area and available slot. As smart parking system
increases the service levels in operation, there is a lot of scope for innovations and
implementation through data standardization and management, mobile phone integration,
hardware and software integration. Basically smart car parking system save time, money,
space and help to simplify the often tedious task of parking. In this application user can view
various parking areas also he can select it to view whether parking slot is available or not. If
the parking lot is available in parking then user can book it for some specific time slot also,
this system provides an additional feature of cancelling the bookings. It also utilizes the open
ground for parking with security. So, it will solve the parking and traffic problem. In this
there is no need to use additional costly camera and scanner device for verification purpose.
In this system Registration certificate (R.C) book is use for verification purpose, so it reduces
the extra cost also.

J. Anitha, Y. Thoyajakshi.,” Intelligent Parking System Using Android Application”

“Intelligent Parking System using Android Application” provides user an easy way of
booking the parking slots through an application. To avoid the problem of traffic conjunction
in commercial areas that unnecessarily consumes time, this paper provides the easy
reservation system for parking. In this application the user can view various parking slots and
check for the availability of slots. Whenever a user books a particular slot it will be marked
red and all the available slots will be green. Booking can be done through credit card/net
banking. This application also provides an additional feature of canceling the booked slot
within 20 minutes from the time of booking. If the user fails to reach the destination on time
then the reservation will be cancelled and the payment is refunded. On successful payment a
parking number is sent to user’s email or to his mobile number for further enquiry. Hence this
application reduces the user’s effort and time of searching the parking slot and also avoids
conjunction of traffic. Intelligent Parking System (IPS) is used to book parking slots without
any great effort by the user using an android device. The user can check the status of parking
area and book the parking slot in advance. This will result in overcoming many problems
which are being created due to the bad management of the traffic. Mobile computing has
proven as the best area of work for researchers in the areas of database and data management
so this application is applied in Android Mobile OS. This application is utilized by can be
applied nook and corner due to its easy usage and effectiveness.

Lalitha Iyer, Manali Tare., “Android Application for Vehicle Parking System: “Park
Me””

The number of personal vehicles usage is increasing manifold. People prefer personal
vehicles to commute than depend on public transportation. Finding a parking space in most
metropolitan areas, especially during the rush hours, is difficult for drivers. Due to this there
is a need to provide sufficient parking places coupled with plenty of slots to help the user
park his vehicle safely, also to ensure the user does not end up parking on non-parking area
and cause discomfort to pedestrian. The idea behind our Android Application-“Park Me” is to
help the user analyze area’s where parking is available and number of slots free in that area.
Additionally, four hours prior to his expected arrival, the user can pre-book a slot in the area
he desires if it is available. This will help reduce the load on the administrator as his physical
work reduces drastically and user can search the parking slot through Android Application.
Payment services are made available using Google Wallet, so the user is required to own a
credit card or debit card. “Park Me” Application relieves the user from the hassle of manually
searching and waiting for empty slots to park the vehicle.

The parking problem is quite acute in places of entertainment such as theatres and
shopping malls. We touched a small scenario of parking problem in India in this paper. We
brought out in this paper how the parking problem in such places can be tackled with a well-
thought plan. The plan helps both the visitors and administrators. It helps the visitors in
finding out the availability of a parking slot, get the availability confirmed, and reach the
place within the time slot allotted. It helps the administration to allocate the vacant slot to the
next person in queue. A well thought parking plan saves the time of visitors in booking a
parking slot in advance and the administration to allocate the vacant slot in a methodical and
organized manner.

K.Devendran, Su. Nivethaa., “Android Application for Vehicle Parking System”

Among the challenges that we face in our day to day life one of most unavoidable challenge
is parking the car wherever we go. As our need increases our travelling increases but due to
drastic increase in usage of vehicles and increase in population we face the tough task of
parking our car particularly during busiest hours of the day. During peak hours most of the
reserved parking area gets full and this leaves the user to search for their parking among other
parking area which creates more traffic and leaves them with no indication on availability of
parking space. To overcome this problem there is definitely a need for designed parking in
commercial environment. To design such parking slot we need to take into the account of
reservation of parking slot with optimal parking space which depends on cost and time.
Additionally, four hours prior to his expected arrival, the user can pre-book a slot in the area
he desires if it is available. This will help reduce the load on the administrator as his physical
work reduces drastically and user can search the parking slot through Android Application.
Payment services are made available using Google Wallet, so the user is required to own a
credit card or debit card. Application relieves the user from the hassle of manually searching
and waiting for empty slots to park the vehicle.
L. Mainetti, L. Palano, L. Patrono, “Integration of RFID and WSN Technologies in a
Smart Parking System”

In this paper, a Smart Parking System (SPS) based on the integration of Ultra-High
Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN) technologies is presented. The system is able to collect information about
the occupancy state of parking spaces, and to direct drivers to the nearest vacant parking spot
by using a customized software application. Such application also leverages an NFC-based e-
wallet system to allow users to pay for the parking fee. Furthermore, a software application
based on RESTful Java and Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) technologies has been installed
on a Central Server in order to manage alert events (e.g. improper use of a reserved space or
expiration of the purchased time). In such a case, it promptly informs the traffic cops through
an Android mobile app, which has been designed ad hoc for the considered scenario. A proof-
of-concept has demonstrated that the proposed solution can meet the real requirements of a
SPS.

In this work a Smart Parking System (SPS) based on the combined use of several
innovative IoT technologies, such as WSN, RFID, NFC, and mobile has been presented. The
system exploits a heterogeneous network of hybrid UHF RFID and IEEE 802.15.4-based
WSN devices which can be rapidly deployed in any outdoor parking. A central server
implementing advanced database management techniques and a running a RESTful Java
software application constantly monitors the parking lots and, in case of unauthorized use of
a space or expiration of a parking fee, promptly sends a notification to a smart App installed
on the traffic cop's mobile phone. A different mobile application allows the drivers to find a
vacant parking lot and pay the parking fee. An extension of this application in order to allow
the user to increase the paid fee will characterize our future work.
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

Most of people are using android mobile devices which in turn enhance the scope for
developing Android applications. Android is an open source platform, and this project is
designed for android mobile devices. The application is used to select a parking slot even
before entering the lot for parking. This application is compatible with several versions of
Android ranging from Android 5.0 - Lollipop to recent Android 7.0 – Nougat.

PROPOSED METHOD

On successful installation of the app the user is provided with two options – register (for new
users) or login (if already registered). As soon as the user logs in to the app as shown in
Figure 3.1, his current location is determined using GPS and is sent to the server. Basically,
the GPS returns the location of the user in terms of the latitude and longitude.

Figure 3.1 Registration page

 Figure 3.2: Login Screen

Figure 3.3: User’s Current location on map

Based on the latitude and longitude returned, the app finds the name of the landmark
corresponding to that coordinates as shown in Figure 3.2. This location is set as the current
location of the user as shown in Figure 3.3. Then, the distance between the current location
and the various parking areas in the neighborhood areas is calculated. A list of all available
parking spaces is displayed to the user. Also, the nearest parking is selected and displayed to
the user as default choice; however the user can select the parking slot as per own
convenience. Apart from displaying all the parking spaces based on the current location, the
user can also make a custom search, input any location of his choice and look for vacant
parking spaces. The various options are as in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4: Input location from user

Figure 3.5: Main Parking Menu

 Figure 3.6: Slot Selection Window

The custom search would ensure quick searching for a given parking location input by the
user. As soon as the user selects the parking area, the app connects to the cloud and fetches
the latest information about the availability of slots in that parking and presents it to the user
as shown in Figure 3.5. After the user selects a slot, a timer starts to run and the user is
expected to reach the slot before the timer runs out.

FLOW CHART OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

The sequence of events taking place in the app has been depicted through the given flow-
chart in Fig.3.7. All the slots in the parking space have a unique which is fixed adjacent to
every slot, which the user needs to scan through his app, in order confirm the slot. At the time
of leaving, based upon the time duration for which the car was parked the bill is generated
and is displayed to the user.

The main objectives of the Parking System application are to provide the following:

1. Intelligent, ubiquitous, user friendly automated parking system application that minimizes
user’s time and avoids traffic congestion in metropolitan cities.

2. To ensure safe and secure parking slots within limited area, this is of most urge.
 Figure.3.8 Flow charts for overall working model

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

1. Start the application

The user needs to install the application on his Android based device. After installation, the
icon of the app will feature on the Home Screen of the user’s device. App welcome screen
will be flashed to the user on opening the application.

2. Registration: Initially

The user has to register his details with the application for the first time. This is a one-time
registration. The user has to enter details like user name, gender, phone number and email- id.
All this data will be stored on server. Booking for slots mandatory has to be done four hours
prior to arrival. On server side the parking owner also needs to register the number of parking
slots available and for what type of vehicles and the amount that needs to be paid.
 Figure 3.9 Registration Screen

3. Login

Once the user registers, he can use his email id and phone number to login in future. This
authenticates the user.

4. Selection of location for parking

The user is provided with multiple parking locations. User has to select one of the locations
provided where he desires to park the vehicle.

5. Select vehicle type:

After selecting the location, options for the vehicle type is provided i.e. 2-wheeler or 4-
wheeler alongside the rate chart for parking charges is prompted.

6. Availability

Status of the slots based on the type of vehicle selected availability of the empty slots will be
displayed along with the total slots reserved for that vehicle type. Color coding is used to
indicate empty v/s reserved slots. Grey indicates empty slots and Red indicates that currently
there are no empty slots for reservation.
7. Enter user’s details for slot reservation and Money Wallet

In case the slot is available, the client can proceed further with the reservation process or else
he can go back to change the location/vehicle type or else can terminate the entire process.
Money wallet is a simple, useful and intuitive personal finance assistant with online
synchronization, through this a user will pay for his reserve parking slot and the parking
owner will receive his appropriate amount.

8. Confirmation to user

On successful reservation, a confirmation page with user details is shown which is editable
and Green is indicated to show user's reserved parking slot

9. Parking Dashboard

Parking dashboard provides more efficient distribution of parking slots and by using this
dashboard the parking owner can manage their parking slots. The parking owner can allocate
or de-allocate a parking slot. The dashboard also shows reserved slots which can be allocated
when the corresponding user verifies his details and confirms the selected slot.

10. Logout

When the user has finished using the application, they can click on the log out button. To use
the application again, the user has to log in again.
 CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Android applications

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware
and key applications. An Android app is a software application running on the Android
platform. As the Android platform is built for mobile devices, a typical Android app is
designed for a Smartphone or a tablet PC running on the Android OS (Android Operating
System). There are four layers in android Operating System and they are- Linux, Kernel
Libraries, Android Runtime Application, and Framework Applications.

GPS (Global Positioning system)

GPS is one of the most fantastic utilities ever devised by man. GPS will figure in history
alongside the development of the sea-going chronometer. This device enabled seafarers to
plot their course to an accuracy that greatly encouraged maritime activity, and led to the
migration explosion of the nineteenth century. GPS will affect mankind in the same way.
There are myriad applications that will benefit us individually and collectively.

The orbital paths of these satellites take them between roughly 60 degrees North and 60
degrees South latitudes. What this means is you can receive satellite signals anywhere in the
world, at any time. As you move closer to the poles on your next North Pole or Antarctic
expedition, you will still pick up the GPS satellites. They just won't be directly overhead
anymore. This may affect the satellite geometry and accuracy but only slightly.
One of the biggest benefits over previous land-based navigation systems is GPS works in all
weather conditions. No matter what your application is, when you need it the most, when
you're most likely to get lost, your GPS receiver will keep right on working,

The slot allocation method follows a sequence as stated below:

Step1: Initially the slot selection is made by the user from his mobile phone. He checks for
the availability of a parking slot that is nearest to his location. If it is available, he moves to
the next stage or else go to the initial state.
Step2: Transfers request for parking slot from the mobile using Android application.

Step3: The Parking Control Unit (PCU) gets the slot number requested by the user.

Step4: If the payment is done successfully, then the requested slot is reserved in the parking
area.

Step5: After reserving a particular slot by the user then the status of that respective slot will
be marked as RED=RESERVED and the remaining will be GREEN=EMPTY.

Step6: As soon as the vehicle gets entered into the parking slot, the timer gets ON and
measures the total time.

Step7: As soon as the vehicle moves out of the parking slot, the timer gets OFF and the total
cost will be displayed. Modules Intelligent Parking System mainly consists of three modules.
They are

User Module

Administrator Module

Booking Module

1. User Module
This module of the application deals with the user interface/user experience. This module
provides the user with the flexibility of registering, logging in, booking and making the
payment. If the user is new to the application then, the user must register in the application by
providing the user’s details. After the registration, the user logs in using the user-id and
password. Once the user logs in , then the user browses the parking slot then books that
parking slot followed by the making the online payment
2. Administrator Module
This is the operative module of the application. It works in the backend for managing the
database and performs various operations on it. The administrator stores all the user’s data in
the database as soon as he gets registered with the application. Administrator maintains the
details of all parking slots ( both empty and reserved ), their price for booking , user details in
database and the modification on these data is only can be done by the administrator. The
administrator also provides the payment method to the user.
3. Booking Module
This is the main module of the application and it deals with the booking of the parking slot.
When the user is ready for booking then the booking module comes in the scenario to provide
user the necessary information for booking. The available slot, cost to book the slot and the
necessary processing in regards to these, are done by this booking module.

OUTPUT SCREEN
Client Side
Initially, the user needs to install IPS application on his android device. After installation the
IPS icon will be displayed on his android mobile screen.
Registration and login:
If the user is a new user he needs to get registered with the application by giving all his
details. The data which is entered by the user is stored on the server. These details consists
user name, email, password, address etc. This registration is done only for the first time. After
successful registration he receives a unique login ID both to his mobile and mail. After the
user gets registered with the application, the user can login by providing email and unique ID.
User gets this unique ID both to user’s mail and mobile number as soon as he gets registered.
If the user gets successfully login to the application then the user is said to be an authorized
user.

Figure.4.1 Initial to login screen

Check for a slot and its status:

User login the application where he can view various parking slots in his destination location.
User selects his desired parking slot that is nearest to his destination. After selecting a slot the
user needs to check for the availability of that respective slot. The user can check the status of
the slots with the help of green and red color indications. Where green color indicates that the
respective slot is empty and the red color indicates that the respective slot is already allocated
to some other user.
Payment and Logout:
On availability of empty slot, the user can confirm his booking of his desired slot. After
reserving a particular slot the use can proceed to the payment option or else terminate the
entire process. The system requires full payment in advance either through a credit card or a
debit card. Hence, the user needs to give all his card details to book his desired slot. After
successful payment he receives a slot number, both to his mobile and mail. After utilization of
a particular slot he can move out of the parking area by clearing his payment. He can check
all the details in his account and can logout. The user can also leave a feedback to share his
experience.
Server Side:
Initially the administrator logins the application by using his username and password. The
administrator has authority to add new users and stores their details in the database which are
used for further purpose. On receiving the request at server side by user, the administrator
shows all available locations at the nearest requested destination
Add and view Parking Locations:
The administrator can add different locations where parking slots are available. The user can
select any location which is nearest to his destination. The administrator can also delete the
locations if he wishes. The administrator can view different locations where parking slots are
available and can also check the status of different parking slots. View All Users and
Respective Booked Slots: The administrator can view all the users who are using the
application and can also check the booking details such as the time and date at which the user
requires a slot, number of hours a user is using the allocated slot, at which location he
requires a slot etc., The administrator can view all the reserved slots of all registered users.
The administrator takes this as a reference for further allocation.
Users Feedback and Logout:
The administrator can take feedback from different users. He can either reply to the user’s
feedback messages or simple delete them. The administrator can move out of the application
by simply clicking on logout button. He can check all the details in his account and can
logout.

User side functionality:

  Book parking space
 Cancellation
 Feedback
 Recharge Account

Admin side functionality:

 Administers parking booked

 Add new parking Slots
 View User Data
 Feedback view and reply

Software Requirements:

 Windows Xp, Windows 7(ultimate, enterprise)

 Sql 2005
 Visual studio 2008
 Android Studio

Hardware Components:

 Processor – i3
 Hard Disk – 5 GB
 Memory – 1GB RAM
 Android Device

Advantages:
 Users can get learn about parking areas for particular locations.
 It saves user time in search of parking space available in such a long parking area.
 The system provides a graphical view of the parking spaces.
 User can pay online on the spot and confirm their space.
 It excludes the need of human efforts for managing parking spaces.
 The system generates online bill for requested time and even sends an email.
 Cost-effective.

Disadvantages:
 It requires an internet connection.
 It requires large database.
 CHAPTER 5
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

SERVER CODE
Loading required dependencies into project maven Figure 5.1 shows loading of spring project
dependencies into pom.xml. Starters are a set of convenient dependency descriptors that you
can include in your application. You get a one-stop shop for all the spring and related
technologies that you need without having to hunt through sample code and copy-paste loads
of dependency descriptors. Starter for building web, including REST, applications using
Spring MVC, uses Tomcat as the default embedded container.

Figure 5.1: Server code

ANDROID CODE
Rest call to Java - this code interacts with server code Figure 5.3 shows the interaction with
the server code. Apache Http Client is a robust and complete solution Java library to perform
HTTP operations, including RESTful service. In this implementation, we show you how to
create a RESTful 29 Java client with Apache Http Client, to perform a GET and POST
request. If we end the request; It will immediately return the response in Http Response
object and we convert it into json format.
 Figure 5.3.: Rest call to java

Adds data to show parking slots

Figure 5.4 is an implementation to display all the parking lots. Each lot with all its slots is
displayed with this help of this logic.

Figure 5.4: To display parking slots

TESTING
In this section, all the functionalities of the application are tested under various scenarios.
This application is mainly tested using Motorola phone with Android 7.0. 4.1
Login Validation
The login page is the first page the user sees when they open the application. The user is
asked to provide the username and password. They should provide correct credentials. If the
correct credentials are not provided, a user cannot access the application as shown in the
figure 5.6.

Figure 5.6.: Login Validation

Booking twice from one account before the expiration time
The user can select a slot in their desired parking lot. After this selection, the user is asked to
scan the generated Before this expiration, if the user wants to book another slot, they are
shown in the figure 5.7 This shows that they cannot book another slots before the expiration
time.
 Figure 5.7: Validation error when user tries to book again before expiration
Is the booking reflecting on the main screen?
The main screen of the application in the figure 5.8 has all the parking lots on campus and
corresponding to it is the number of slots available at that moment. After the selection of the
desired slot from a parking lot, the main screen shows a decrease in the available slots
 Figure 5.8: Available slots in all the parking lots
Canceling a booking
When the user cancels their booking, the parking slot is de-allocated. Figure 5.9 shows an
increase in Jelly Fish parking, after the cancellation of the previously selected slot booking

Figure 5.9 Canceling selected slot booking

Algorithm

KNN algorithm is a method for classifying objects based on closest training examples. It is a
instance based learning type algorithm. The unknown sample is classified based on the
nearest neighbor. It is a machine learning algorithm. The unknown sample is added to the
nearest sample of known nodes.

The algorithm is used with the difference in the location of source (user) and the destination
(parking location) using Euclidian Distance. This does not provide apt distance and the
system may try to round up the distance values if in decimal points. So to obtain precision
instead of Euclidian distance, Haversine formula is used. The algorithm goes as:-

1. Build the training normal data set D;

2. for all the unknown samples Un Sample (i)

3. for all the known samples Sample (j)

4. Compute the distance between Un Sample (i) and sample (j)

5. End for

6. Find the k smallest distances using Haversine formula

7. Locate the corresponding sample

8. Assign Un Sample (i) to the class which appears more frequently

9. End for

Applications:
 The project can be implemented in commercial areas for employee parking.
 It can be utilized by companies and organizations (hospitals, schools, colleges) to
automate their parking system.
 The system can also be used in public places for public parking like in malls, station,
and so on.
 CONCLUSION

Car parking is an android application developed to make university parking convenient. The
main functionality of the application is to show exactly which slots on various parking lots
are available for park. This is achieved with the help of QR codes. The user must scan the QR
code provided to them in the menu options, when they are parking and again when they are
exiting. This simplifies the whole parking process.

FUTURE WORK
The following functions will help improve the application:
• The parking history collected in this application, can be used to make statistics and can
notify to the user, that their usual parking lot has free slots at that moment.
• The application can provide an option to certain professors or employees to select their own
reserved parking.
• Provide-ability for user to link their account with islander account. By doing so they can
access their sail account using this platform and buy their parking pass for the semester.
• A map with directions can be provided to the user from the entrance to the parking slot.
 REFERENCES

[1] M. Fengsheng Yang, Android Application Development Revelation, China Machine Press,
2010, 1

[2] M. Zhengguo Hu, Jian Wu, Zhenggong Deng,Programming Methodology, National

Defence Industry Press, 2008, 6

[3] M. Junmin Ye, Software Engineering, Tsinghua University Press, 2006, 6

[4] J. Dongjiu Geng, Yue Suo, Yu Chen, Jun Wen, Yongqing Lu, Remote Access and Control
System Based on Android Mobil Phone, vol.2. Journal of Computer Applications, 2011, pp.
560-562

[5] J. Li Lin, Changwei Zou, Research on Cloud Computing Based on Android Platform,
vol.11. Software Guide, 2010, pp.137-139

[6] J. Wolff, T. Heuer, H. Gao, M. Weinmann, S. Voit and U. Hartmann, "Parking monitor
system based on magnetic field sensors," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Intelligent Transportation
Systems, Toronto, 2006, pp. 1275-1279.

[7] Kurogo, H., K.Takada and H.Akiyama, 1995. Proceedings of Vehicle navigation and
System Information Conference 1995. In conjunction with the pacific Rim TransTech
Conference.6

[8] C.Laugier and F.Thierry, "Sensor-based control architecture for a car-like vehicle."
Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems,
Volume 1, pages 216-222, 1998.

[9] Aalsalem, M. Y., and Khan, W. Z. Campussense a smart vehicle parking monitoring and
management system using anpr cameras and android phones. In 2017 19th International
Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT) (2017).

[10] Araujo, A., Rubem Kalebe, . G. G., Filho, I., Gonc, K., alves, and Neto, B. Reliability
analysis of an iot-based smart parking application for smart cities. In 2017 IEEE International
Conference on Big Data (BIGDATA) (2017).
[11] Fariza Norbaya R. Yusnita and Norazwinawati Basharuddin. Intelligent parking space
detection system based on image processing. International Journal of Innovation,
Management and Technology, 3(3), June 2012.

[12] D.J.Bonde,”Automated car parking system commanded by Android application”, IEEE

Conf., 05-03, Jan 2014

[13] M.O. Reze M.F. Ismail A.A. Rokoni M.A.R. Sarkar, “Smart parking system with image
processing facility”, I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2012.

[14] M.M. Rashid A.Musa M.Ataur Rehman N.Farhana A.Farhana. “Automatic parking
management system and parking fee collection based on number plate recognition.”
International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, 2:93-98, 2012.