EXPERIMENT NO:4

Date : 14-07-2010

DFT IMPLEMENTATION

AIM : To find N point DFT of a given sequence.

% without function
clc; close all; clear all;
x=input('enter the sequence');
N=input('enter the length of DFT');
len=length(x);
if N>len
x=[x zeros(1,N-len)];
else if N<len
x=x(1:N);
end;
end;
W=exp(-j*2*pi/N);
n=[0:1:N-1];
k=[0:1:N-1];
nk=n'*k;
W=W.^nk;
X=x*W;
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(x);
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(n,abs(X));
subplot(3,2,3);
stem(n,angle(X));

14
RESULT

enter the sequence [1 2 3];

enter the length of DFT 3

input sequence dft amplitude

4 10
amplitude

2 5

0 0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
time
dft phase
5

-5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

%using function
X=fft(x,N);
n=0:1:length(X)-1;
subplot(3,2,5);
stem(n,abs(X));
subplot(3,2,6);
stem(n,angle(X));

15
RESULT

enter the sequence [1 2 3];

enter the length of DFT 3

input sequence dft amplitude

4 10
amplitude

2 5

0 0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
time
dft phase
5

-5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

16
 EXPERIMENT NO:5
Date : 21-07-2010

IDFT IMPLEMENTATION

AIM : To find inverse DFT (IDFT) of a given DFT sequence.

% without function
clc;close all;clear all;
x=input('enter the sequence');
N=input('enter the length of DFT');
len=length(x);
if N>len
x=[x zeros(1,N-len)];
else if N<len
x=x(1:N);
end;
end;
W=exp(-j*2*pi/N);
n=[0:1:N-1];
k=[0:1:N-1];
nk=n'*k;
W=W.^(-nk);
X=(x*W)/N;
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(abs(x));
title('abs(x)');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(n,X);
title('inverse dft')
xlabel('time');

17
ylabel('amplitude');

RESULT

enter the sequence[2 1+1*i 0 1-1*i]

enter the length of DFT 4

abs(x) inverse dft

2 1

1.5

am plitude
1 0.5

0.5

0 0
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3
time

%with function
xr=ifft(x,N);
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(abs(x));
title('abs(x)');
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(n,xr);
title('inverse dft')
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');

18
RESULT

enter the sequence[2 1+1*i 0 1-1*i]

enter the length of DFT 4

abs(x) inverse dft

2 1

1.5

amplitude
1 0.5

0.5

0 0
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3
time

19
 EXPERIMENT NO:6
Date : 28-07-2010

FIR FILTERS

AIM : To write a program in matlab for implementing FIR filters.

% FIR FILTERS
clc;
clear all;
clf;
rp=input('enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
fp=input('enter the passband frequency');
fs=input('enter the stopband frequency');
f=input('enter the sampling frequency');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
den=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/den);
n1=n+1;
if(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end;
y = boxcar(n1);

%low pass filter

b=fir1(n,wp,y);

20
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,3,1);
plot(o/pi,m);
title('low pass');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

%high pass filter

b=fir1(n,ws,'high',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,3,2);
plot(o/pi,m);
title('high pass');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

%band pass filter

wn=[wp ws];
b=fir1(n,wn,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,3,3);
plot(o/pi,m);
title('band pass');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

%band stop filter

wn=[wp ws];

21
b=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,3,4);
plot(o/pi,m);
title('stop band pass');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

RESULT
Low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop filters are implemented and output
waveforms obtained.
enter the passband ripple=0.05
enter the stopband ripple=0.04
enter the passband frequency=1500
enter the stopband frequency=1200
enter the sampling frequency=9000

low pass high pass band pass

50 20 0

0 -20
0
Gain in dB

Gain in dB

Gain in dB

-20 -40
-50
-40 -60

-100 -60 -80

0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1
Normalised frequency Normalised frequency Normalised frequency
stop band pass
10

0
Gain in dB

-10

-20
0 0.5 1
Normalised frequency

22
 EXPERIMENT NO:7
Date : 04-08-2010

BUTTERWORTH IIR FILTERS

AIM : To write a program in matlab for implementing IIR filters

% IIR LOW PASS FILTERS

clc;
clear all;
clf;
rp=input('enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
wp=input('enter the passband frequency');
ws=input('enter the stopband frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('low pass IIR filter');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

23
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
ylabel('phase');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

RESULT

enter the passband ripple.5

enter the stopband ripple50
enter the passband frequency200
enter the stopband frequency400
enter the sampling frequency1000

low pass IIR filter

200

0
Gain in dB

-200

-400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

24
%IIR HIGH PASS FILTERS
clc;
clear all;
clf;
rp=input('enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
wp=input('enter the passband frequency');
ws=input('enter the stopband frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('high pass IIR filter');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
ylabel('phase');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

25
RESULT

enter the passband ripple.5

enter the stopband ripple50
enter the passband frequency400
enter the stopband frequency200
enter the sampling frequency1000

high pass IIR filter

100

0
Gain in dB

-100

-200

-300
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

26
%IIR BAND PASS FILTERS
clc;
clear all;
clf;
rp=input('enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
wp=input('enter the passband frequency');
ws=input('enter the stopband frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('band pass IIR filter');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
ylabel('phase');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

27
RESULT

enter the passband ripple.4

enter the stopband ripple50
enter the passband frequency[800 1200]
enter the stopband frequency[500 1500]
enter the sampling frequency4000

band pass IIR filter

200

0
Gain in dB

-200

-400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

28
%IIR BANDSTOP FILTER
clc;
clear all;
clf;
rp=input('enter the passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
wp=input('enter the passband frequency');
ws=input('enter the stopband frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'stop');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('stop pass IIR filter');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
ylabel('phase');
xlabel('Normalised frequency');

29
RESULT
enter the passband ripple.4
enter the stopband ripple50
enter the passband frequency[800 1500]
enter the stopband frequency[1000 1200]
enter the sampling frequency4000

stop pass IIR filter

100

0
Gain in dB

-100

-200

-300
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Normalised frequency

30
 EXPERIMENT NO:8
Date : 01-09-2010

CHEBYSHEV FIRST ORDER FILTERS

AIM : To write a program in matlab for implementing CHEBYSHEV

FIRST ORDER filters.

%CHEBYSHEV FIRST ORDER LPF

clc;close all;clear all;
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb1ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby1(n,rp,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev first order lpf');

31
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev first order lpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

enter pass band ripple.5

enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq1000
enter stop band freq1500
enter sampling freq5000

magnitude response of chebyshev first order lpf

0

-100
gain

-200

-300

-400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev first order lpf
4

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

32
%CHEBYSHEV FIRST ORDER HPF
clc;close all;clear all;
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb1ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby1(n,rp,wn,'high');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev first order hpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev first order hpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

33
enter pass band ripple.5
enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq1500
enter stop band freq1000
enter sampling freq5000

magnitude response of chebyshev first order hpf

0

-100
gain

-200

-300

-400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev first order hpf
4

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

34
%CHEBYSHEV FIRST ORDER BPF
clc;close all;clear all;
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb1ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby1(n,rp,wn,'bandpass');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev first order bpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev first order bpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

35
enter pass band ripple.5
enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq[1000 1200]
enter stop band freq[800 1500]
enter sampling freq4500

magnitude response of chebyshev first order bpf

0

-200
gain

-400

-600
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev first order bpf
4

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

36
%CHEBYSHEV FIRST ORDER BSF
clc;close all;clear all;
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb1ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby1(n,rp,wn,'stop');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev first order bsf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev first order bsf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

37
RESULT

enter pass band ripple.5

enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq[1000 1200]
enter stop band freq[800 1500]
enter sampling freq4500

magnitude response of chebyshev first order bsf

100

0
gain

-100

-200
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev first order bsf
4

2
phase

-2

-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

38
 EXPERIMENT NO:9
Date : 08-09-2010

CHEBYSHEV SECOND ORDER FILTERS

AIM : To write a program in matlab for implementing CHEBYSHEV

SECOND ORDER filters.

%CHEBYSHEV SECOND ORDER LPF

clc;close all;clear all;
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb2ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby2(n,rp,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);

39
title('magnitude response of chebyshev second order lpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev second order lpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

enter pass band ripple.5

enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq800
enter stop band freq1000
enter sampling freq4500

40
 magnitude response of chebyshev second order lpf
0

-20
gain

-40

-60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev second order lpf
2

1
phase

-1

-2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

%CHEBYSHEV SECOND ORDER HPF

clc;close all;clear all;
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb2ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);

41
[b a]=cheby2(n,rp,wn,'high');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev second order hpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev second order hpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

enter pass band ripple.5

enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq1000
enter stop band freq800
enter sampling freq4500

42
 magnitude response of chebyshev second order hpf
0

-10
gain

-20

-30
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev second order hpf
2

1
phase

-1

-2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

%CHEBYSHEV SECOND ORDER BPF

clc;close all;clear all;

43
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb2ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby2(n,rp,wn,'bandpass');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev second order bpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev second order bpf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

enter pass band ripple.5

enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq[800 1500]
enter stop band freq[1000 1200]
enter sampling freq4500

44
 magnitude response of chebyshev second order bpf
200

0
gain

-200

-400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev second order bpf
4

2
phase

-2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

%CHEBYSHEV SECOND ORDER BSF

clc;close all;clear all;

45
rp=input('enter pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple');
wp=input('enter pass band freq');
ws=input('enter stop band freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n wn]=cheb2ord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b a]=cheby2(n,rp,wn,'stop');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
title('magnitude response of chebyshev second order bsf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('gain');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
title('phase response of chebyshev second order bsf');
xlabel('normalised freq');
ylabel('phase');

RESULT

enter pass band ripple.5

enter stop band ripple50
enter pass band freq[1000 1200]
enter stop band freq[800 1500]
enter sampling freq4500

46
 magnitude response of chebyshev second order bsf
20

0
gain

-20

-40

-60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq
phase response of chebyshev second order bsf
2

1
phase

-1

-2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
normalised freq

47