STUDENT ASSIGNMENT FOR MK IPB108

GROUP 4

1.Nur Avika (C44190027)

2.Ranula Supraba (C3190073)
3.Moonica (C44190073)
4.M.Reza Raihan (C44190016)
5.Muhammad Ihzaul Wafi (C44190021)

Text 1

AFTA 2015 Destruction of Indonesian Economy

Indonesia’s population is the 4th largest in the world, therefore the State Indonesia will
always be an easy target for the target market of the various products world countries.
Nowadays, it is because we are weak purchasing power, the various types of products that
come, are a variety of low quality products originating from China at very cheap prices. Even
the marketing net has reached the street vendors throughout Indonesia. As a result, all
production of its kind in the nation be destroyed proved much variety of plastic and textile
mills and woodworking tools, children’s toys out of business. It all is the impact of the entry
into force of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) since 2010. All of the victims of
bankrupt entrepreneurs say we cannot compete with the price of Chinese low quality products
into Indonesia with a very low price. Yet the AFTA (Asean Free Trade Area) in 2015, the
producers in Indonesia was not able to compete in the market in his own country to face the
goods imported from China. Countries of China, Japan, India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia,
Vietnam has carried out the attack production to Indonesia long before AFTA in 2015.

If we look at the various urban shopping center, we can see the various types of fast-
food snacks that have come from abroad (LN) and strangely visitors very much on the
consumer Indonesian citizens. This is proof marketing strategies that do the foreign party
through advertisements and films and our customers become victims of their ads. Can
employers we do like this strategy in many countries the target market? Can the Indonesian
films can be watched by many people of the world where we can attach various commodities
production with strategy National therein so that a consumer trend of the world?

Food needs such as salt, sugar, rice, flour, garlic, as well as fruits, Indonesia is still
dependent on imports from LN. Could it be that we can compete with Asean countries are
already self-sufficient in food needs? For clothing, clothing production of raw materials we are
still fully imported. In Indonesia, there has been no major industrial chemical production base
of various elements, so that production in Indonesia is still large import content. Consequently,
there is no production mainstay of Indonesia which could permanently have strong
competitiveness in the world. Indonesia’s rich natural resources can be improved if there is
industrial added value of supporting basic chemical raw materials independently. The
realization of AFTA in 2015 who lived only another year ahead, making the industry position
of Indonesia is not yet ready for it, which actually can be prepared since the end of Suharto’s
leadership. We can see Gusdur leadership era, Megawati until Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
(SBY) is an era of national leadership that failed and a waste of time as well as imaging and
even to build infrastructure in various regions lengap they failed. The funny thing in the era of
Megawati’s leadership, we are in the country (DN) of natural gas shortages due to natural gas
we’ve sold contracts to China (Gas Tangguh ) by Megawati Soekarno Putri. Consequently,
many national fertilizer factory nearly went bankrupt and was forced to raise the prices of their
fertilizer because the natural gas is very expensive even imported. This is a stupidity and
ignorance of our leaders have ever done in the past and there is no careful planning. This is a
difficult dilemma for the dissolution of all parties.

What will happen when the AFTA in 2015 is realized? Because Indonesia’s target
market is the world number four, the ASEAN countries will be the entrance of the various
outcomes of different types of world production whose price is very competitive. Especially
Singapore would be an agent to sell goods distributor world production world countries to
Indonesia. Because officials in Indonesia is very easy in stopper with money, then very weak
supervision of the quality of production of the imported goods will be occasions disposal of
production that failed to make the impact of prolonged DN industry more helpless. Moreover,
if the management of government 2014-2019 still as SBY leadership management style, we
will be more severe conditions.

Advanced industrialized countries the world has been very high efficiency for a variety
of production has been done with robotic system. Indonesia’s production will not be able to
compete if they only use labor-intensive production systems. In terms of accurate, precision,
quality and pricing Technology and moreover design, industrial robotic system cannot be
resisted, but with the same system.

Human Resource we were able to enter the field of creativity and productivity in all
areas of Asean countries, it still would not be able to become a mainstay of foreign exchange
earnings up to the National because our human resources cannot be used as a marketing chain
of wholly national production components sourced from Indonesia. They are the human
resources we can only be as experts or professionals in their field of human resources if it could
run in production, it will use the raw materials from the country where he lived and worked as
migrant workers does not change during the time that only rely on services revenue. Can
compete with HR HR Indonesia China, India and Pakistan? Or can the HR Indonesia compete
Asean member country whose population is very little? So concerned in 2015 AFTA is the
Asean countries themselves who want to take advantage of the huge market of Indonesia,
besides the advanced industrial countries other using the name of Asean countries for the
purpose of the Indonesian market. With full effect in 2015 AFTA and WTO in 2020, due to
the poor is 1945 and numerous laws that have been painstakingly created to protect and
promote domestic industry and job creation be gone largely no longer apply. We realize all that
AFTA and WTO is the grand strategy of the capitalist world high to eliminate the sovereignty
of a country? (Ashwin Pulungan)

Source: https://www.sekolahbahasainggris.co.id/kumpulan-artikel-bahasa-inggris-tentang-
ekonomi-terpopuler-2015/

1. Topic Sentence/main idea/controlling idea (2 items)

‘Indonesia’s population is the 4th largest in the world, therefor the state Indonesia
will always be an easy target for the target market of the various products world
countries’.
A. Statement of inten : ‘Indonesia’s population is the 4th largest in the world’.
B. Opinion : ‘Therefor the state Indonesia will always be an easy target for the
target market of the various products world countries’.
2. Pronoun Reference (2 items)
A . As a result, all production of its kind in the nation be destroyed proved much
varietyof plastic and textile mills and wood working tools, children’s toys out of
business. It all is the impact of the entry into force of the ocean-china free trade
(ACFTA) since 2010.
Pronoun “it” refer to = previous sentence (in line 7 sentence 1)
B. This is proved marketing strategies that do foreign party through advertisement
and films and our customers become victims of their ads. (line 4 paragraph 2)
Pronoun “their” of the sentence refers to marketing advertisement

3. Vocabulary (3 items)
A. Meaning : this is a difficult dilemma for the dissolution of all parties. The
meaning of “dilemma” in line 19 paragraf 3 is ?
Answer : the situation in which difficult choice
B. Prefixes-suffixes
‘Fertilizer’ (line 16 sentence 3)
Suffix :-er
Meaning : Something which
C. ‘imported’ (line 17 paragraph 3)
Antonym : exported
Synonym : accounted

4. Parts of Speech (2 items)

A. The part of speech of ‘dependent’ in line 2 paragraph 3 is Adjective
B. The part of speech of ‘reached’ in line 5 paragraph 1 is Verb

5. Verb Tenses and Time Markers (3 items)

A. The verb ‘is’ in line 3 is in form of SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE and the word
‘nowadays’ is the TIME MARKER
B. The verb ‘was’ in line 3 is in form of SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE and the word
‘in 2015’ is the TIME MARKER
C. The verb ‘has carried’ in line 3 is in form of SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE and the
word ‘in 2015’ is the TIME MARKER

6. Noun Phrase and Passive Voice (2 items)

A. ‘whose price is very competitive’. ( line 3 paragraf 3) is Noun Phrase
B. ‘Advanced industrialized countries the world has been very high eficiency for
a variety of production has been done which robotic system’. (line 1 paragraph
5) is in Passive Voice indicated by the verb phrase ‘has been done’.

7. Sub-clauses (3 items)
A. ‘there is no production may stay of Indonesia which could permanently have
strong competitiveness, in the world’, (line 5 paragraph 3) is a NOUN
CLAUSE
B. ‘whose price is very competitive’, (line 3 paragraph 4) is a ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE
C. ‘If they only use labor-intensive production systems’, (line 3 paragraph 5) is an
ADVERB CLAUSE

8. Transitional Markers (3 items)

 A. a result, all production of its kind in the nation be destroyed proved much
variety of plastic and textile mills and world working tools. (line 5 paragraph
1) The word ‘a result’ is a transitional marker to indicate Conclusion/cause-
effect.
B. Consequently, there is no production may stay of Indonesia which could
permanently have strong competitiveness, in the world. (line 5 paragraph 3)
The word ‘consequently’ is a transitional marker to indicate
Conclusion/cause-effect.
C. Moreover, if the management of government 2014-2019 still as SBY leadership
management style, we will be more severe conditions. (line 7 paragraph 5) The
word ‘moreover’ is a transitional marker to indicate Addition.

Text 2

AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA AND THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN FARMERS

WELFARE
Agriculture is one sector which is very important for Indonesia. This is because the
majority of the Indonesian population living and working in the agricultural sector, both as
farmers (small farmers and large farmers), as a laborer, as well as the processing of agricultural
products. Indonesia is a country with abundant of natural resources, this is due to Indonesia's
geographical location between two continents (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Indian
Ocean and the Pacific).

Agriculture in Indonesia has a very significant role, because agriculture in Indonesia

not only acts as a sustainer of life of the people, but also affected the stability of the national
economy. Agriculture in Indonesia isn’t only as a place to produce food, but also a place of
employment, especially small rural communities.

Agriculture is a complex system, in which there are many issues that affect the
Indonesian economy system. In addition because the majority of Indonesian people who
depend on the sector, the agricultural sector is also one of the main foreign exchange earner
country. A wide range of existing problems in the agricultural sector, Indonesia, among others:

 Not to create a fair system in agricultural land use (ownership Vs businessman). In this
case the economic scale effort, still a lot of vacant land and the conversion of
agricultural land ownership is unclear. Though there are laws governing agrarian land
ownership, where a person can only have a certain amount of land to the place of his
residence in the areas. But in reality many people from outside the region to master an
area of land or a land with thousands of hectares in other areas. For example in the area
of Batu City, there are thousands of acres of land with an area of his property, but the
status is owned by citizens of Surabaya or Jakarta, in fact rarely the vast land to land
because of sleep is not processed by the owner
 Capital resources Indonesian agriculture is still weak, where the exchange rate of
Indonesian agricultural products is low, the risk is high and profits low
 Conversion of productive land to industry due to the implementation of the policy is
not optimal mapping of agro commodities related to land.
 Weak peasant mentality problem in the fight for their rights and weak of
entrepreneurship
  Less skilled farmers, cultivating technical mastery limitations on certain commodities,
agribusiness lack of orientation, lack of control of post-harvest processing, and lack of
ability to access the market
 Farmers lack capital, the banking system is less concerned with farmers, agricultural
insurance and there is no system of debt bondage.
 In marketing, the price received by farmers is not fair, volatile, dependent traders and
middlemen, to the detriment. Mastery of information and access to markets are weak,
the marketing chain length and unfair distribution margins
 Awareness of farmers in a weak organization, some organizations that there is less
work, and less independent.

Various issues above should be taken seriously by the government. If it be overlooked,

the national economy will be shaken and communities become increasingly difficult to
achieveth the apportionment. Until now, agriculture is still subordinated to the government, so
that like the above employed several kinds of problems arise, such as changes in agricultural
commodity prices.

Changes in the price of some types of major food commodities such as rice, corn, and
soybean can changes in the national economy. Concrete examples some time ago is
skyrocketing national soybean prices caused some tofu and fermented soybean cake had rallies,
even some of them have gone out of business because is unable to reach the soybean price is
overvalued. Similarly with tofu and fermented soybean cake are difficult to reach soybean
prices, soybean farmers are not able to produce soy hindered by erratic weather which caused
some farmers to crop failure, not to mention the local farmers could not compete with imported
soybeans are cheaper and size greater than the local soybean, soybean farmers Indonesian
thus lost. Indonesia's soybean farmers here do not have the strength to compete with imported
products due to Indonesian farmers are not informed about the condition of the national market,
where Indonesian farmers sometimes actually harmed by the low price of soy production sales
when sold to middlemen or wholesalers. This is where the role of institutions both government
agencies neither private organizations is needed to help Indonesian farmers to manage and
market their crops.

Institutional farming is the norm or customs structured and patterned and practicing on
continuously to fulfill the needs of community members that are closely related to the
livelihood of agriculture in the countryside. In the community life of farmers, farmers' position
and institutional functions are part of social institutions that facilitate social interaction or
social interplay in a community. Farmer organization also has a strategic point (entry point) in
mobilizing rural agribusiness system. For that all available resources should be directed at the
rural / prioritized in order to improve the professionalism and the bargaining position of farmers
(farmer groups). Currently portraits of farmers and farmer institutions in Indonesia are still not
recognized as expected (Suradisastra, 2008). 1

The role of the institution is very significant, because the activities of these bodies
should be able to make people self-sufficient and not rely on the government or even outsiders.
Institutions must be able to perform a variety of activities that actually required by the public
so that activities performed actually implemented, usable and useful to society.

Inappropriate policy in managing the country's economy will lead to misery for the
people. In the case of soybeans above, when the government imposed a policy of importing
soybeans from abroad to meet domestic needs, the people of Indonesia who is a soybean farmer
will lose money because they can not compete with imported soybeans. However, if the
government does not enforce the policy, it will be a lot of tofu artisans and entrepreneurs who
will be out of business. Therefore, a role institution as a container that can help farmers to
compete with imported products.

In performing its role, in addition to making various programs or activities for the
community, government agencies also must prepare for the type of communication media that
is really effective, so that people can receive the information submitted by the agency in the
absence of rejection or aversion that caused the failure of the process of delivering
information. Thus, people can accept and carry out activities that have been prepared
voluntarily without any coercion from the local government.

The role of institutions, in this case for example the Institute for Community
Empowerment (LPM), really needed to address the various problems that exist in the
agricultural sector in Indonesia. Call it the problem of agricultural cultivation. Agricultural
products in the country are generally not able to compete with imported products because most
of the agriculture in Indonesia is still doing that maximize the input of agricultural extension
in the form of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides that are harmful to health, both human health
and the environment.

The role of community development here, to be able to provide a solution that is acceptable to
the community. The use of artificial pesticides and inorganic fertilizers is not healthy, but that
does not necessarily mean the government banned its use. This is because many people who
have an interest in the business of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers, and farmers will lay
balked when government agencies do so. In contrast, the role of government agencies is to
provide solutions, how to order farmers to produce agricultural products are healthy by
reducing the intensity of the use of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers.

The solution offered is to organic farming. Government agencies, such as the LPM can
offer assistance in the manufacture of organic fertilizers and pesticides, which are necessary
ingredients derived from nature about the farmers themselves, thereby reducing production
costs. Work together with the community and government to the agricultural activities, without
any patronizing element of one of the parties. Because in society empowerment, neither party
knows better but all equally learned, farmers learned to grow good and true, in this case healthy
and able to compete with the market. While the government learn to apply the methods of
empowerment needed for able to be accepted and successful social welfare. With the overall
welfare of the people of a country, then it will slowly stabilize the country's economy and well-
being of a state is reached

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/bintisaadah7/contoh-essay-pertanian

Couse Effect Marker

the majority of the Indonesian Agriculture is one sector which is because
population living and working in the very important for Indonesia
agricultural sector
Indonesia's geographical location Indonesia is a country with this is due
between two continents (Asia and abundant of natural resources to
Australia) and two oceans (Indian
Ocean and the Pacific).
agriculture in Indonesia not only acts as Agriculture in Indonesia has a because
a sustainer of life of the people, but also very significant role
affected the stability of the national
economy
the majority of Indonesian people who the agricultural sector is also one because
depend on the sector of the main foreign exchange
earner country
the activities of these bodies should be The role of the institution is very because
able to make people self-sufficient and significant,
not rely on the government or even
outsiders
Institutions must be able to perform a activities performed actually so that
variety of activities that actually implemented, usable and useful
required to society.

government agencies also must prepare people can receive the so that
for the type of communication media information submitted by the
that is really effective agency in the absence of rejection
or aversion that caused the failure
of the process of delivering
information
most of the agriculture in Indonesia is Agricultural products in the because
still doing that maximize the input of country are generally not able to
agricultural extension in the form of compete with imported products
inorganic fertilizers and pesticides that
are harmful to health, both human health
and the environment.

many people who have an interest in the The use of artificial pesticides because
business of pesticides and inorganic and inorganic fertilizers is not
fertilizers, and farmers will lay balked healthy, but that does not
when government agencies do so. necessarily mean the government
banned its use

Concept/term Definition Signal

Marker
Agriculture a complex system, in which there are many issues that is
affect the Indonesian economy system
Exemplification
such as changes in agricultural commodity prices. such as

Changes in the price of some types of major food commodities such as such as
rice, corn, and soybean can changes in the national economy
Concrete examples some time ago is skyrocketing national soybean prices Examples
caused some tofu and fermented soybean cake had rallies, even some of
them have gone out of business because is unable to reach the soybean price
is overvalued
The role of institutions, in this case for example the Institute for Examples
Community Empowerment (LPM), really needed to address the various
problems that exist in the agricultural sector in Indonesia
Comparison
Similarly with tofu and fermented soybean cake are difficult to reach Similarly
soybean prices, soybean farmers are not able to produce soy hindered by
erratic weather which caused some farmers to crop failure, not to mention
the local farmers could not compete with imported soybeans are cheaper
and size greater than the local soybean, soybean farmers Indonesian thus
lost.
In contrast, the role of government agencies is to provide solutions, how In contrast
to order farmers to produce agricultural products are healthy by reducing
the intensity of the use of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers.