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Experiment 2 - Hydrostatic Bench

The document describes an experiment using a hydrostatic bench to study the properties of liquids under pressure. It includes: 1) An overview of the hydrostatic bench setup which uses tanks, tubes, and pumps to study liquids and measure properties like pressure, temperature and viscosity. 2) Details on two specific experiments - demonstrating that the surface of a static liquid is always horizontal, and determining the position of the pressure center on a rectangular float surface. 3) Procedures for conducting the experiments which involve adjusting water levels in tanks and tubes while taking measurements of pressure, weight and water height.

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Ub Usoro
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308 views

Experiment 2 - Hydrostatic Bench

The document describes an experiment using a hydrostatic bench to study the properties of liquids under pressure. It includes: 1) An overview of the hydrostatic bench setup which uses tanks, tubes, and pumps to study liquids and measure properties like pressure, temperature and viscosity. 2) Details on two specific experiments - demonstrating that the surface of a static liquid is always horizontal, and determining the position of the pressure center on a rectangular float surface. 3) Procedures for conducting the experiments which involve adjusting water levels in tanks and tubes while taking measurements of pressure, weight and water height.

Uploaded by

Ub Usoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment -2 Hydrostatic Bench

The Hydrostatic Bench enables the study of the main properties and the
behavior of such liquids under hydrostatic conditions, with the aid of some accessories to make
the different experiments.

Equipment Description

The equipment consists of a metallic structure assembled on wheels with a


panel at the top. In the lower part of the bench there is a tank where water is stored. Water is
then sent to a methacrylate tank placed at the upper part of the bench and to other
plastic deposit. Two hand-operated pumps are used for such distribution.
The methacrylate tank is connected to two communicating tubes on the front
panel, enabling to perform some practices; the other deposit placed on the horizontal
surface of the bench is necessary for performing the rest of the practices.
All water in excess is sent back to the storage tank by the drain. The rest of the equipment
consists of the following different elements and independent accessories:
 Barometer (10)
 Thermometer (3)
 Ubbelohde capillary viscosimeter, 0.6-3 cp (0c)
 Ubbelohde capillary viscosimeter, 2-10 cp (I)
 Ubbelohde capillary viscosimeter, 10-50 cp (Ia)
 Ubbelohde capillary viscosimeter, 60-300 cp (IIc)
 3 graduated cylinders
 Accessory for demonstration of free surface in static conditions (7)
 Bourdon manometers calibration (13)
 Mercury manometers (9)
 Accessory to determine the metacentric height (FME11)
 Accessory for studying Archimedes´ principle
 Accessory for studying the hydrostatic pressure (FME08) (14)
 Fluid level gauge calibrator (16)
 Set of weights (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 400, 1000, 2000, 5000 gr.)
 Air pump
 2 water pumps (11 and 12)
 Universal hydrometer (1)
 Chronometer
 Set of measurement cylinders (2 of 600 ml) (4)
 Spare parts for the viscosimeter elements
Experiment -2.1

Free surface of a static liquid

Aim of this Experiment


To demonstrate that the surface of a static liquid is horizontal
Necessary devices
We have to use tanks "1" and "2" and tubes "a", "b" and "c".
Procedure

1. Make sure that V1 communicates the receiver with the tubes.


2. Make sure that valves V3 and V4 are closed and open valves V1, V2 and V5.
3. Using the hand operated pump B, pump water from tank 1 to tank 2 until the level coincides
with the first horizontal line in the wall.
4. Repeat for the second, third, and fourth horizontal lines, check that the water level is always
horizontal, regardless of the size and the form of the tube.
5. Empty tank 2 by opening valve V1. Change the position of valve V5 in the upper part of tube
"b" (tube "b" shall not have a free surface).
6. Using the hand operating pump A, fill tank 2 up to the level of the second, third and fourth
line.
7. Observe that the level in tube "b" remains constant, while the level of the tank is followed in
tubes "a" and "c".
Experiment -2.2

Pressure center in a smooth surface

Aim of this Experiment


To determine the position of the pressure center on the rectangular face
of the float
Necessary devices
Hydrostatic Pressure device or hydrostatic device.
Procedure

1. Measure and note down the dimensions designed as a, L, d, and b; the last corresponding to
the flat surface placed at the end of the quadrant.
2. With the receiver placed on the bench, place the balance arm on the support (sharp profile).
Hang the pan at the end of the arm.
3. Connect a length of flexible hose to the receiver draining cock and connect the other end to
drain.
4. Level the receiver by properly acting on the support feet, which is adjustable, while the
"bubble level" is observed.
5. Displace the counterweight of the arm until getting the arm to be horizontal.
6. Close the drain cock in the bottom of the receiver.
7. Introduce water in the receiver until its free surface is tangent to the lower edge of the
quadrant. The fine adjustment of that level can be achieved by slightly overreaching the
established filling and then slowly draining through the cock.
8. Place a calibrated weight on the balance pan and slowly add water until the balance arm
recovers the horizontal position. Record the water level, indicated in the quadrant, and the value
of the weight placed on the pan.
9. Repeat the operation above several times, increasing progressively the weight in the pan
until, the balance arm is at level, the level of the free water surface becomes flush with the upper
edge of the flat rectangular surface that the end of the quadrant presents.
10. From this point on, and in the order inverse to the operation above of placing the weights
on the pan, the weight increments given in each step are removed, the arm is leveled (after every
removal) by using the drain cock and the weight in the pan and the water level values are
recorded.
For y < d (partial immersion), calculate the practical ant the theoretical value of m/y² using the
equation:
m/y² =ƿ.b/2L (a+d-y/3).
The slope of this graph must be -ƿ.b/2L, and its intersection with the coordinate axis ƿ.b
(a+d)/2L.
See the discrepancies in a reasoned way, if any, between the average values measured and the
values obtained with the equations above
Appendix – I Useful Data

Table 1. Table of the atmospheric pressure in function of the height

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