Romanian Mathematical Competitions - 2008

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Romanian Mathematical Competitions - 2008

Romanian+Mathematical+Competitions+-+2008

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Altanany

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Romanian Mathematical Society Theta Foundation RMC 2008 Romanian Mathematical Competitions Bucharest 2008Isp sre 008 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL COMPETITIONS 2008 tral Boa of he BMC sr Salona Calege "So" Bucharest ona Ban aoa Colle “Aka Vea” Bucharest Magces Booxtas Unveryof Bacar Bocas Essex ‘Naina Coleg DP. Hage Buea Rabe Gouodas — Cocedtraf theses Iijitoe ef atau od Utvery -Patenes® Dacre chu Poiesew feat of Mathematics sid th Natal atonal Ofyariad Navona Cale “SS” Bache ‘Tce ear: Laat Sta coi © 28S in Meat Rata A Pai eva. No pu fh patna be youd rated ay ALSO Ur tebe eset te toa he e wtp omsene nse ‘ates sania ‘yy and nh ey Thea Teapots ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL COMPETITIONS 2008 Eated by ‘Radu Gologan and Dan Sehware ‘Main conribwors: Marian Andronache, Mihai Balund, ‘Radu Gologan, Clin Popescu, Dan Schwarz, Dina Serbineseu Contributors: Yoana Boca, Claudia RalewFOREWORD ‘To 18 volume of te Romanian Matematica Cotes sno mre ‘ten 200 robes gen cre tage of he Remain Matern Os Pi anther Romanian Contes Mote ee aia baton Mos ofthe pens ere sed byte om or ng ee po Ving ts sme iain cen nee ‘Wedunk e Minit of iteios nd Rea fr emanetinolemene ‘8 spporag he Oya nt part of oar nn ene ‘ps ans se i fo SOFTWAN, Yoo Romani Meson WS sos ofthe Roman MO eam, Thana sda “Sign Fo tion” cnsam opartin he mata compet, ‘Lins Sf “The The onda’ hs done impr ob of kei eaiing he ei iso, st ot ee ae gt he Ba of he Eo Matomatis Sno Snow” Bache ent thie apr ne Machel ‘tyepiad an inavemet ne ting seni free Baca ay 1208 Radu Glogn, Dan Schvare‘CONTENTS eps tene ‘pedi Ronan Matsa Fld oot ta atm Oma So Ma Sur Matt oop 1005 aa Mert Opt $04 Gnd Towe Sl ros Cometin PART ONE PROBLEMS‘THE 50!" ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD DISTRICT ROUND +2) sern( ‘ella nmin 3 Prolem2. Consider he sue ABCD anh it Bon ese AB. The tng AC nec he spent P. Te erento pi Pio DB ienecs aise BC st pak F Poet BF ~ AB + FC Probl 3 In schoo herr 10 los, Esk stdin clase nowrenac oesdeninech heh aco Tone ie (Assamese 4 ne ae Ben cen ows et A wo) Probl Lt AF = (1,24,578,.) behest of tl ember Aisle 3 Them ofr cancun seme Mt 30, DeegProblem. [henson of reprieve ao pln ita am ‘Problem 2. Demi he tonal amen sch ha oh 2 +2 Pearson sone Problem 3 Coie he code ABCDA'B'' DY and he pins 1%. tach at Met fat fe eget fm A pane (A°CD), Ne foo pena B the gl 4°C, an ihe yeti ot ‘Dwsh rset 9G. Sham hath pt M1, Peco Problem Detmie the sip es mbes 9,5 at i simalannay be condo 2 +36 40,02 +54 dant +3 ty, Problem 4. Let (on)gt Be 4 sagen ofl mabe sch tht Jose =aul< leone Nand (apse seen fwd by 6 Stow eg, By VT=IER=T Prien Demin tee ell + 2 == tin ra Pb a Rta ch 1 (232) 2210), setae 2) rove th he anon g K+ fa) = fle) #0} ase, oie 9)=als)+ 9-09 ER ‘Show tht acne cn, Problem Len 3 beamed = of ain. Coir be Aa thse) a Ba Qiesdteteogtteeoee ac YepA hw duit $4+1)2 Stat Problem 2 Comer 4, © Mal). Show at rankd +k C. Consider aie AD, 1D € BC, snde ppt DE e AC, B AC. Cnr he pit Fon hesegnem DE. Povetathe nes AP en BP re perprosalfandself BP DC= BD-DE vtey Problem, Given tinge ca be sen 20 adi 28 a squires rove tical Be Gi i 32 quae. Problem’ Lat. and Bere rine nantes OHS P< 9 2, ween Be umber 04450 ‘och tha he foving comin eed “ Ue nde separ 200, Soc sinlerow afb ube ese te vals ah ha he nab Problem Lato) € (0,1, Prove de nga: Treas tat Problem 4. Conder he coke ABCDABFC'D. On the ee (427), (20) .and (4) comet pot a Faget Oe et (€B), (CD). and (CC) cone be pon MF epeciely De ote by he disse Rene he i 03%; a MN, by dhe de etven thts NP td NP andy dst dtneetwen ees 94a Suppose atheists dd and dha pews sine Show tate ae Af, Mad FP) acon Pamor Problem 1. Dee he fet f 8+ Wa tt f+ J) = sia) ty teratzye uci meable) Sow ats fs gk > Drees anfeen soa tebenedoabon problem 3. Coser © NV and te el umber 9 = 1,0 wh Jad tana Fa = ‘Show tat |e ~ ol avai ag Bes Problem X Coser = (1,22, 208). Wey at a of pe ror © {0,12} if at + onengy nto A an he of ‘een els remainder wen die by 3. Desi My. © 01,3) ete wich of eases Xr € (0,2). telat Problem Comite he statment): (8 Hp m6 N. Stow ta A= (EI n) ete} and P= (np) ete) ape tues Problem 1. Let (ce) -+ Rte a comics ition ch Bat ora ££ (0,0) te sequence (Ja) nem nec Prove fa soneenig etn. ascot Froblen 2 Prove ht an ire matic A Ma(C) he ope and ony ce ext anova matic Be Ma) sch at sey Prom 3. Lat f+ Rhea wi tcenbe ton oa Rich hat (=I 4 763, estedeR add Prove apn Eee Froblem 4 Let 4 € Ma(B) Bean antymetic mis 3. ay #09 = oot haat ate) da yl) > Beta + VI),w roost rnin focally € Bos somowe ‘Problem 1 Let be poe ot amber a et J 0,0} - el Bes tuscan ch shinee vals oper 20) aniston (Go $0) = Oand afta) > oven fa ater) Hide, foal € (0.2), Problem 2 Lf: sl) -+ Rbe eel fnton, whe aie owas [Prove ati 2/2) = ae [orresn([ 08) Problem et A bein nary ing wi lens sch at ee hah nig slaon z= 1A Poveda (6) Dithewsiquempset clemet ote rine A (tere exss EN 3 ssh at te ean 4 = a sons Ge € Aisne itt ext EN such 2" = 0) oe Problem 4 Let eet fe ope witha east mo lemens (Siow hast Gen ina < 0, ‘wh Ead( ste nba of enaorpions of Gn = (6) te ber ‘Stslonenso np = (Gs te weet ine ine hibernate tea SELECTION TESTS FOR THE BALKAN AND INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS Problem 1 Determine sl fs Ff 1 ne ch a 0 sn of Alone ozone sbi fF isdvileby nt (Blow many sch fis ex, mae oF sit pone ingersbtwee amin te Problem Leto... ant yyy ere number hat Safes 12,-steanty thy nth eT tap oe Poe Garkrom tetas, fora 12, .mamihe 2. Problem A somes hexagon ABCD BP al side fe Boxe ‘a one ofthe camera cet he angles ACE aed BD irate ane roblem. rove tat genany comes ale P wih ie hee se Sof 2 pointers Ph ten ay wage deere by te of ees Peni xy oe po om 8. nie Matec hisProblem Deering common dvr he mbes 2189.9 3.0. oa Problem etn > Sean ot nger Demi te minum ae of tection, D3, d= hee be VTal+ Vinal t+ Vicia Vi Problem, Doertevia seen ofnege Tay veces may he ach elgeblns lest ore ange ble 10,Letingle ABC hae BC € AB, and pins D on (40), ‘een {AB} beswch tat 2DEB = ZDCB. et pent pt Pest the nor fe unser BCD an te pais of crams fale [BBE CDF epecively BCR, DEP. etungest. Prove apis 4.0, 2, F Atl ir ominh Problem I, Let ABC te amazes angle, Hits exe od. X yp in plane. The ci arr mh cnn te AFF ait Ae and te oe AX at pit Ay Pint By By od Cy oe efi adr vay. Prove te ie A BB, CC econ, Problem 12, rm nod teper ager hn 1 prove at 2" ~ 1 dos Problem 18. group psp sido be blac in ay agony of pop tee exis thas pal agen ih exch we, fay ‘shaw ofm people the exit es pr atacand wid eather ‘Prove ta th mamter f plein a aleed pups an ep nd ‘Wem en ety phen pose uate of pepe ed ep Drove tatyy 6 Hoe 18) Compt, with poo spa I Pevetaty 2 rouRTusexzcrioN rest Problem 14. Cone cone guste! ABCD wit pan. ste ses La O ete meetg pio ies AC and BD, Pte te mesing Fein ones AB and CD. ant beth meting pa oie AD ol BO tet Rett ote erpendtroe Oot PQ. and MN. Spee ‘te fet ofthe pope om Rees CD. BC. DA. rapacey AB Foret te poate AF, Sad Tae compete Problem 16. Ginn co-rine pose engender. compe Se ounberefsabas (21,24,--sFa} (hrm rn I} ang Btn ttm Sond)roblen 1. Fo piste pr 32. rove tt in ayo oe 2°14 1 mmenpy itn sab {2} here tee sh atone temiete on of eo oe Froblem 7. For vhs pase itp does exit emu oof (2.2, weal dieenso(8)~ Ht F< mareallaiine? ‘Ace esc Mony ‘Problem 18, Let ABC te hog a Rin bese having it rmdir. Show Di if hte cer eget a ee ‘beagle hn eidone ia nen te cle ingots Problem 19, Let f(a dent te maxima sentra in tig nes es—2 eis asm al he rele sider ale he ses fe gen sure) SELECTION TESTS FOR ‘THE JUNIOR BALKAN MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD. Problem 1 Letp be pine mute, p set. be ingens soci p a+ Dandy? | + Show hat pat bry? La + Problem 2 Pove ht for ny pose integers eee 4 msipe on steve dca igi atdup ton Problem 8, Let ABC be en esl ie. Conse tee an A'UV. wih A! € (BC), Ue (AC), Ve (AB) sek nt UV BC. ‘The pois 2 € (AC) and C (AB) me to sai, Show hatte ies AAYBB? anh CO se once, ater Problem Lt ABC es wg nd Dt mpi of BC. One ies AB an AC herp 8 reps. tartan he mii ee gnents tha AME FAN? = BI? +ON? ad ZMDW = CBAC. Prove er Feces Problem. Lein € Xn > 2nd t-te ier umber sah ato 150 tata ie ne, eo a ‘eral ea punters ae 0, al em, witha bem ah Be.‘THE 25° BALKAN MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD id Maen Mey SM 1,308 Problem Let ABC be alee sie ange wid AC> BC: Lat Ovetecreuncn 1 tantacenerand Fhe fat aude om CL bet pit (aber hn 00th ine 8 fr ick AF = PF nd he Ipomcoe Se AC. PH ad BC met OM nl FX weak. (OF and AC mest 2 Poet pots FM, and Z conse (0a eo cate w8 5 208 a psig? Probl 3. Len bexpste ine: Resugle ABCD, vine ts ‘ie pl wth sider of eet Lat eth fal ae wich re vertes of eset sures Prove ht the santero dtc nes ping ‘ought est psa seb Problem 4 Lt che apn ime. The quency) dels by 5 = agar =08 +05-+ 2 ral posers, Domine aes of or wich resin mega > lem > Rectal + betwen ate ‘THE FIRST “ROMANIAN MASTER IN MATHEMATICS" ‘COMPETITION car an hc Fabry 208 Problem 1 et ADC team equisl angle Piss aap ‘ewe nd perpen dzone ee deel bye snd? fr posi el nmi 8s Fd th in Pa ab scant te eso 00 dpe, Ud sn Problem 2. Gen pose pera > 1 poe ht oy psi npr 8 bas mp athe une al Problem: Poveda ny neon suc fmt J 2 Zea be wens f= + wee 02 are coe tomes fc, lendpos on Problem. Prost fiom smseg yn) pins gr of de ‘xg posing mca i es, ac a ene ema‘THE FIFTH “IMAR” MATHEMATICAL COMPETITION Problem. Fare umber sy > 1,1 4h 22 shat yn forall =1,2,.90 nd pak. Probie 2 Dany heal oats C010 > 1 it ins ot pare Sandy He ay flo emis Ha 5 a ee BERRI 24 plogaglH OC robe 3, Pove tht ong N > 262 ier, of slew at Lipherhann > 2 anda lsofersm Sean 1. area ‘Show ht iS 1 ino anmereoe, site (henner = tire tampon), Ape ste Cale yap ‘THE “MATH STARS” MATHEMATICAL COMPETITION aca IHS gas 387 Problem Show tony posi ier ere ste ner (Vi = vine vine, Problem? Decne te poset yr which Fon ea Problem’. Lt ABC beagles A,B,C; be te tof estes ‘om A B.C. Let A repel As te te ogi pein fy oo ‘AB, repeively AC; pois BBs Ci Cyt ed nen ngs, ‘Theiss BBs nd CsCy ett Ath ies CC nd 34s et Boe he ins Aa dy andByBy mC. Stow thine Ay BB ooh Coy a Tone Problem 4 At leo oumane. Be 2 pric pe. ech ‘asin, xa one mach, Saw text oe of fawn osu soccer tendo ere (Oke parspans an ele wth tember 3,2... sh Ea est 2.23 a won Lem and bea 2):hen paipcin be partion ava noms A Bch a cry mente fea ch meer of 2Problem Shim tere kl ei fncton NCR + RE whic silanes aes te flowing ree cnn: f(ea) = fe) forall 39 © (2) flea) 2, fra s Rat yay) = afle9 2) tor 2.y Ny > Problem 6 Lt ve n> 3 pl nthe pc, fr by ur o-pla yt ote conoid ye (08 cing then 1 wits tt const one pit om he tes, at pa ‘x daomece ss ltd Sn hat eating le a= ne oe (2) Deine he minum suber of wie ned 1 bec nado Problem 7. Let Aes Ags Be pla gn, Fr nd cose pit Bing om hide Be Suc ha AB < FAA a ot Chisago the spent A, (es weld modo 9) Show tha ever fe pen CC a as sae se pine af pobyseBo Bas ‘Problem ove ayo pan mee. rnging bene Jn 20m oni oe iit clea ec at eae ren oe non dv of alder Opn Questo Ingo i es by lowering te ber nse eine sted propery. ‘THE “CLOCK-TOWER SCHOOL” SENIORS COMPETITION Problem. rove tat foranyn € Nn >, th Diop egsaion Leste sinfnily many poste mages wih <2, <Prove eee ipa An ter arp roblen. Anmtagle Disposed in (ore oe eng ving ew ses ele ove afc Dts gen tay el soe ft st of Danang common on wih einer of Dw are omen pois ithe nti of att en be earls ne puso. ‘Prove tain pon hr et seg tt a ne eon poss roblen 6 Gis sto ips n> 3 dil 3, show at he atte se Maen My ‘THE “CLOCK-TOWER SCHOOL” JUNIORS COMPETITION Problem 1. Coser acta ene an chord AB ait am tt Tike on onthe yO, Te perpen T ot OB et oe ‘hard AB at andthe cele Dan Dest y Ste cages pjton fT on te eae AB Stow tt AS B= TET, Problom2. The tdi inte dc eran unter b+ wih e.b€¥,0. Fd sco aii Problem 3 Parcs gli (lenges. Show tt esa of ‘te lenp of te eer ater of Be ne of be prt teste ‘Hela of esas of eget ‘ta squne of se eg 3. Shower exis four smog tetra 4 ‘Problem A poe prs in einal eientn 208g clo 12008 dis alo fie ere oft pe od, Show ‘Stuer tmpa Prove nossa Problem Lat P ee st ofl poi oft line ant. € Ped Te ‘ones = \ (0) Bathe propery {foray four dine pins A, B,C,D € {0} wih AAOB ~ BC0D, 414) 118)+ 110) 10) Prove acon ficaosant Problem. Foran el miners, o> 0 withoke=8, prove Bra ie ‘Problem Letp bea prime an yang te yp. Poet xinney many neers sch apy der =k ‘SHORTLISTED PROBLEMS FOR THE 2008 OLYMPIAD 4. Comer hale ABC sn he pins € (AB). (BC) ant P= ABOCD. Gi ta AB Be aos of £8140, 2DB = AB. AEC = DC, Ind AFC = AB. fedthe angler of he tinge ABC. 2 Let yb te common pol ft exe Bis ote angles Band of tele ABC. Dente D the eogsnl won f a eto and = Aly BC. Prove tat 1» AB = Haas, by (ans BD} > aucaar,— At, 1 Atnpmoit ABCD sm(ZDAB) = 90% ks dapolerepopesialr nd mts pint 0. The ural dugh Oat AB rte BO tn Pa he Perpendueom Cane BC ans AD in Roe that PR = AD, 4 neaale ABC, (AD tbe ie of ZBAC a fo we ines ft ages ABD and ADC. repel Prov ta AD, snd Ch we 5. Comider he taped ABCD (AB | C, AB! > CD) DAC 4 AB, ME (AB) onde bee mit ion (8D), Rove at 2 [AC Kandy ithe aes 6 Gen panlopam of eS, dew 4 palo of es. ing nly seihedse 1. Lxp 22 pie prime Find ln € Nh ha the mer $2 Isapeime see4 Let ABCD e guerra ce of mete (AD) nd Ba pinto © Lat NP be thet ofthe prensa 4, BC and CD reps, Pave th be ttnle MVP a ptanpo 9.19 = [|e 1242. 6M) compstieumoti lems 10, svete posive negersmbers snd xk ost Vas OB nd Ji Bate rina? 1.1 pi clr he vols of 2009 gn ra, sack hat ang ay scm vein areas Mae oreo? 12, How cyte gt itr ane sf leds egal he atu esto ns hag 1 sea 1001 1) Show to mater ow we rang tem onl hm of he pd them pif ghar iat no 1) Show dispose orang eben slech e fe preteen puis ofr isarm 1, Considers ih paleenged ABCDA'S'C"D and Ate ees ie fee ABCD and ADD repecively. rv at AM 4 aC nd (C1 1B, ent pralleipd ase 16, Lt VABCD be pe pram of apt Vand et £6, be points tel aes (V4) (VB (VC) ans (VD) mage mb ta ERNAC= (P]iniGHNBD = {R). hepa dtougeF9 AC eee Cin Banh ul rough 6 BD tect VB in Hy. The pel ought AB ee VA inate al ough Fo CD meets VD la DeoteO shecmsina am of AC ant BD. IHF, = BG, nd sow pote £6, Fae ce 17. Bk # mene rent ‘semen = en Fa tae tae! aye hea are cetbte 1, Stow ts forever ate ing E afy > Mat +0 20. Consiern € Nn > Sandie set A= (,2,-..nh Real postive img fo wich spon tins ios f= A> 01), Vig bach ate fnciong A+ Reg = ft fat fete 2, Te aie fn te vers, 8 td fag met pin te souncelat poets 0, 8 ant Fpl Povetht AADC er ineachof loinc he anges BDC. CEA, AP hve te seine pesinee he wang BDC, CEA, APD eh sn ae 2. Indie apezid ABCD (AB CD) M1 & (CD) ete ft of pence tom especialy Beno CD. Tec Cy and Ct). Inserted inthe imps AND. egciely BNC uch AM Pando Let eke seed con apn oe casi Show tht PQ is tty AD = BO or EN = 2 2, Lo ABCD be quien an b€(,1). The pois I € [BC 1 C[AD)P © (MN) me ritoand iy GA BS = td Fadtelos oP 24 La € Nom > Band Aw (2,0), Fd te aber of tons FAs Asping | E10 2. lene whch can te write inthe frm whsten > 8,01 on--q a es ARdO Oandn €N sow tat csr seth erate) erase 28 Show tt for ener amber 9.85 0 saat res" rey? YO Baio TT BW, Stowtutifa ep danke be ten int pati wees ead area Mina pi (8), eh € Cann Esch hat FAB bce SL Let ABC tes ri els wang ane Mand te pois oo the eg (AB) and (AC) respec. Show tern gle i ide lea CM, 0 32 Fide tins (0,50) + 020) sing fUfl)~2)=86, Yee (O20). 18, Sow tits Cae = en Do-eeoneet> [3 6-H 3 Late 05-o € (an) Beatie, H05-4o~ Hay = 1 Show stmt ncton 06) + fle) =a +04 0 sly eg 35. Show tity > Oem eran « EEE EET) «nuttin M6 Show ai, (.20), tee wi ltt, eae of eo ah 2% Lipa postings mands (2+ V5 las vrIe 29, Final epost fick OPP +2 40D Ho #1 41 ata 1. Soin esi = (+1 £2. Thorp Aad. Aad iD nin me ne {Sow Baty = Tg Ba (4.2. Sy ig acta | Sobvein Recon +2 3 4. Theta of pram wie apes tO ce poy gon AAs Ans 926 Aplina internet gee. By. rave tai oe poly Bea. By rege 0 yA wea 22 46 Temata © My(2)emh att A # Dah egaion X= A us saosin (2) orev Som 46 For peiton af hea} = (1,204 ana dee te setfinvesions of Gest permstent o,f sow Straus 2220,(164 € Mina mae at at A ~ A = Ofcom nee 45. 14,5 © M(C) esonsngsr mais tat (AAA Ata BUBB AB, 1. athe aie A, My) singsac bow dt he umber (a 4B) + aaa? B) ‘se doube ofa pote 9. Let 0-89 a bb Be tint postive mates ch tay ton + jb tnt Show tat te egan as test one slam in (0,20) 51. Te sequen (rang nae remy 2 (O2u08 =~ asp € Rus = Bon ~ Del enc DY = ey + Fadel ‘ch ath eye cet 52 Lat f= (0,50) + (00) be boul fscton an ep > Ob ea numb ese = af) forever » Drove at gio =o $8 La J: B+ be fnaton wih he owing opey: fr ey 8 € 8 the eviss a msber sy sch hat fe) fi © 3 foals > ‘Stow rte halon 54 teta,be Theseus 2p eae by 23> ant seu enMen tnt, Ya32 Sow hase suc is comeget enol ia.b>2 55. Lx (aonb atau ea mtr eh i =o. iepnlewid atonde sequen ye ch a eae Bony Se dae tent sont 1, focereyn Stow teh oes veges 97 Leta todhebereal mantic a> De OH < focant See eee need eee ‘aos * aor * aa * as * ok Stow tuto becedte> « eqn 1 hoes te in (2) Ate freery=€ (0.0, 1) Povetatbefanton f (0,1) + Rist ig eer at 4 ga en i £9. Teh J: Rien 10)=0, Geerrer>iere, (Lahn) etm 8 (109-3776) stow at ig (2) = 0 0 and (se) 27°) 6, Bode fncne f+ Rebbe aniratvesnd sty theoowing condo: recite Ww a fof e-e Se) so"1a fe] +R becomes sh hat 5 [0+ ce he 6 Lf £101} + Re somtimes cnc anon wt (0) = 2 22 [enone [sone gel > 64 1.0, rote IEF: (Q4) + Gani epi how tht te et et & Seton Pas = ff b.Wehime +3) < (a thes ah) & ngetiAerpletpbejoct beds lace = nuhiscodee ep. ‘Problem2. Consider he sue ABCD anh pit othe de AB. The lagna AC inert the spn DB ati. The pasar pit Pi DE iene BC spt F.Povetht BF AB + FC. Saton nd the segment BC by CQ = AB, mh ht oi © = een @ an 8. Tgles DAB an DCQ atte ul se DE = DQ and ZQDC = ADE. Tout LEDQ = 9s we get CEDE = ZPCP = 48 Then 2FDQ = 2609 ~ ZEDF = 4 and wargles DEF snd DEQ ue ail Fly B= FQ= FC-+0Q™ AB + FC, concn tat te at Problem Ioaschoal ere we Ihsan, Each dentin hsoom sows etary onesadetin ch of cher 9 clos, Proven f tet nea se ee,(Aomame at fen aoe ent thn en aos stent 0) _X and het se umber eens. oo ppt tember of seein Xia han at As ny tein X hows oe ude Yb he PAP hee wt wo usa hem and B ht ow hte dem Cin. Ba en © ow A nd, to alto X coating ype Problem Let = {1,245,780 st rambo ise by 3. Tae sm of comecuie eens ofA 30, Deerie Slaton, Te ofthe Dn mere rm oH 10 wee 1) The umber ae 61,3842 A434 IR IN—2,64 98 ‘ees ie (E+ 3) + (0h 49) + (0k-+19)+ + (+ 3) = Ok 4 preevermmrrteny (2+ msn +2) Se bth aors have sme iy and the econ ire iter Whee we 342,384 Go ESN 2,9R4 STH 31 Te any gen nthe een ete 228) + = 2k +) We pet 2+ m1) = 10. Tine wo ee hve eS onape Problem 1. Ute inenecion of epee pes om tes prove tate ambos matte agai ‘Seton. Two pos eof haba pri. The ie consing thse gr mato ees of he Rebelo: or eanpleAB, we a is pl a th ton plane, Tn he se wy te ee CD ie pull wh Ieseiba pin. As ABLACD we a at coscuve tombs bse erpena To mean abe amt aagure 2 ~ Ge aveaioml ember, Solution Wehavea = 2° 422-4 1=(2411° €Qwheea> Os = te Va- Thana) G2 = —143V5~ Sa aVB 26/6 = 53a (0-98. ‘As = Gand ~ econ mabe we dle that (9—a)V@ © IE 17 Sthn JB € Ganconngsndy = € Qacontccion We ga = Sd thar= 14 v8. ‘Atenas itm = 22 +24,n = 2 6e, mn © Q We hme n = P42 Bee tem me 22-2 =m —2e— Sheree FQ Wesetn = -2myodm—2= Oom=22? 20-2 = ands = 1+ vi such ht eth ft af te perpen fo A plane (4'CD)-1 ite Testo te perpendoarom Both digo! AC Piste syne Dit eps C. Sam tte poi, ¥, Pare cole Solon Lt ete eg he be es, Ps the mit of AD. Weta 8 = 8 AE pie 8, Pekog 0 fepine(a'CD), By ener rem in tinge ACD, we ee show tat BE GAH LAG BE =2. GE = fat ff = Lee sboverlon fae bla 4. Domine skaly pe re manta 2,4 a ay ruta condo 2y +3 ¢ dys 3 < Aand's +96 A Son Maily he tee egies 2 < 42 ~ 3,382 < Az —Sant Pe64y Sosa (te 3)bp 3429). On ected by tbe AM-OM iegty 2845 = ft +1) 42 322? +2= 212? +1) > 2, thats 2 > 4e~ 3, whee ho ft» = 1 Maipig "> 4a — 9. at > dy S28 Dds Bye ole! > (Ae —3)4y—S)te— 3) 90 eget = hy elieProblem 1. Let (ogi be 2 sequence of real mabe sch that longs al & Lfrallm€ Ban (yas he sequen deed by be ‘Stow tines ~Bl < forall ‘Stiton. Se ag ~ al & te age gay Ys fon ~ al & Inman 00 Pst Perceies aia Problem 2. Coser thee A= [yo haen € Nn > 6 Show hadith wince aie wih eae cadiiy a h sae sam the element nd calm a uli of Sowion WA = BUCUD nbere BAC = CAD = DOB = Band [B= (C1 = 1D). 0204] = 315 03h. Forthecomen tn € n> 6 diet 3, To cst may ca: Farm = Gare eso Bm (084,610 1), D, Da (6b 5,6b44| k=O L912), form prion ofA wh he regi pope. Sy Fern = 6943, ©. we lete flowing wo poser itp > esse B= (US.9UIOE+ GES 1.02 o= anu (ee note D=(a..s)u (ore 266-191 2-3) Lop h Problem Show htt > A. © Nand) inapowero, inne Sati 1 [2] = 2% whee bE, henna! 62° < nf 1). 90 fetes PERO Sr a? nn > 5 i Foen > beg" > moe! > r BMP" = nBt + ring so P= Dandn a a power Problem Let ABCD be qa an eave in il Dewi by P he iteton pit of i AD ad BC ay @ Oe ners ‘ion point of ies AB a CD. Le be fot vee ie ual ABCE, so Fe neseton fact PQ Poet oe pins D. EF tnd onthe ane le. Solio. Se ZBAP = DCP. ages BAP and DCP we sine 0 BB © Webiwe £ODP = £CBQ (or £CDP = 181 ~ £080) and £209 (oe PCD = 180° ~ £50). By te sie thir intl BCO, DCP we ovale co _ og » ‘DP Bo e “ or or g-s a nd BC = AB,cones, AB-cP-BQ by) ar ih in mols GP. by 1) The ter ege DC-CQ by ah DB F Quecoanche, 0-08 ‘Problem. Leta and be wocomplx murs ove sini easier > VF=TEB=T, Solan. y ogee Hail tloti> Wbebret Wee elo+H > rad ama May eat no ge (ir ot o> Layo 8? eh count 0 +o 44 > VFS TPIT. Mab PP fb 20h 43 ti La alata) (Fat lat op > [a reh~ 07, log +2) = gs. Soon esha rove tat Ovi aan aseae nee By pect, 13 eons amd (0,245) ae at. Wie th ren eu hgualet frm +2°= (142)0% Fors > Owe gett +2"> (Ls)? by incon Soe? > lg ae ar Problem Lat f+ Res econ sh a 11419), satay er 12) rove ate aon g + B gla) fe) ~ 10) ani s+ 9)= (2) +99). ea 2,9 Show ht const cn, (e = HEEN=L0 py ale+9) 10) hich meas +) =) +a) fran 29 Fors = y we ain (2) = yf) fC ay = The oper of | th pes (2) = HEL a (Bt) = HAMAD, tramps So 2s) = (e} ad coment) = Of ary 2 R Tha (2) = 0 fr se € 8,0 cot cn, Problem Ltn > te snineper ands con nin, Carte Batiesdtete tees: Demin ese A Soluion Cay 1 € ANB. Letw € ANB. 4 1. Ata meer weltetotat inn L Sew € Awe tle = andlhe ater qui ln DE 3 or HAE = 9 — 5, whi ish ene ht be en Sa the anonerie ANB = (1) rte an ANB = (=f) free. rte 4 Mowat set ae» Sa? Seton 1X) = dA = 5) =a echt ponies d+ heh =P) = HOH, weet prin ae ion lie ht dala st = (Eee bleed 4H ae Hoe NEP D4 “Temininam sect te gn encions?+4(0+1) 47D Lisa a= (0 1)/2andegule HWP. Se = et te conhson lows Problem 2 Coe A,B & Ml) Stow hac rankd + rank 8 < if sony tee tan erie matin X € Ma(R) sh a AXD = Oy Slo, Sipine AXB = 0 forse invent X. Apne Sener’ ing we Ge rank(AXB) > cank(AX) Hrak = rane rank + rank B20 CComeneheippithtrnk A= 6 rink B= Banda + 8m Wee find lovee mats, 82 ta masa din) m8 fos that PAQRBS = Oy whee AQRB = Os. We tn nw gett dened anton Aber slim The cites of avers X st AX (4 equine wo te existence of a inverter on 5 seting to Red, Sch ier naoraon eis if ni B) < Kr). Since din B) = nk B = Ban ier) =n kA = = te conlnonoow anie Problem’ Let (a) (aan no segs fy tie am vu? 1) Show tthe itt sequences (ra +e a A 1) Show are tmiofe sequnes a [np andar ei net Ferg a) we hve eas 3 fe D Vic ent > Hoy BV eee 5012 sD 2 By flows tat he sgenes (30 Puen seri nd fore have ini arpa 20, pet ig teeing. hy 0 ad Wag + € R then he sauce (pop ued bove by foie comergnto some p & f. We ae yes = Dautese 3 fe whe, sia ewe ai he vee ea Since ant (lee VE = Wa). flows I JIVE Wel 0, 1025+ founda + fe Problem Decne wh ae oF [030 ae st coins funtons f+ Rate at {))=(2-0?, toratze0 cana (2) = aan weve ff) POU) = fly ore # wen le—a =~ ences ~ a ay, flow te etn oc) ad (a sre bth one ae, eae sly menos SH Isnt MoN ove ‘he wine eal ie nd ie 6 oe om be fs hat crn on (-08] a ren 6 (50) ‘Thar, 20) = J, = [(),) mish ng oa nim poi 7. Wechs tae fa) < (f(a) = 0.1 fa) = 0» (0) east by anges. tte = fa) =. Supe now th fi) < 0.8) ‘mini, wen edb > enueh tf) <0 Sine b> O> fa). me an fide fc) such (E19) = A) <0 Pro 1a f =) + hes comin aon wh at I ayae= [11 Show ta een (1) ch a rays f sone ff star were |)~ freee =F [Pree tus Flee 0 Cone mp9] +R eto) =< FFD We ne 0) = 0 = of). wwe can ply Rall’ orm wo pt me € (0,1) er sie) = oreqalnty r= [ ren ‘We cans ply Rall’ orn 0 he mip : 8) + R dis by (2) = Fle) ~ fled dae th ones of mle (8) oF wich (0) = ate a= [ree Problem. Ut H+ ee cotimons, pati ncn pol TF ieseanderinsive show tat ‘ie aston Rs Raven by aime re-$ [109 » aE Ft [oe Solin) Since F connate € Reston ne U6 Fst + oe one omens frome 252 f r08 now [owe E 108 [108 [roses 2 fF rom Ff som=are, aren a ee easier ae atau6 “9 Ronn MarieicOLYMHAD Earthen an (Eattn+ (bf som) Erte) i ano nmr fe 2 € Aandin ite Problem 3 Let A bes commute wiry Solon. Coser tht 14} (28 € A 8 =a). x HA) ten (28-1? = 42 —te41 = Law 2e—1 6 UA) ere UA) deo he foe of unis of te ing A. Since Aa. 2 = 1+ ant A al ere temp fA) > U(A) en f(a) = 22-1, ne ne Th thos he (A = lf 0 ample the ro fies sow If sabgoupof A) and hen opel Lagan eo. Se U4) le sutleo provera € Em wher € Lalu € infu = 22~ w= 2y~ 1 frsomey € (4) wee = 2 Hoo ).thn we =2e— lem weaedan ace we ports € Hd, a 2 sorely ee dissent do = de Wehne (ba)? a1 ea te REAR We cana more but te adr of I si fi oanined in de sibpoup of UA) cone of ements kr 2, hich 2 pou flows th 8 hos? rupee) ea ame Problem Le Ab nie ld. We ha pom fan 9 (| we mets they hve ume degre an hy ie by say oe vote Drstnceaaune sont = Sho taal nihbousof te payomil X74 Zl Nloanke ited comin 20. Difhenimbeofeenens in gg > 4ahow ty pgm dees = Lin X[X] hr phot cn be ated oat UX] 0 a rept ih noon Solin.) Thenighourso X24 Lar: 2074 X24 HL 88204, 3 and X2+2-Thylle tsa Zana tf reds ZN}, D)LeL © KIX] hing ey f= 41. West ee we aon oe + gros a conespnding jor faction IF 0) =O wechnct 91 + Xoobervie west y= 0). a hee 9 shear off ‘chil eee sins a Dat aot ‘tea 0 #@- Dts, Beef aes ee Epo PE Fa( ne) sett trey = Egg ed race emer ees Sceteee eemeene (ayes + Sine|K| 24sec fadanotion #9 infancy J~sisaanu ei of fsa K: ‘Assume mow hat, # forsee © (2.8 ~2) sn coir he pote XP, Se tows forth 6 ot on we can fd ons inh The petal ete a wihouro fo we mat hk ha hsorcs in Cet, ia carat sine (0) = J) #0. a © Risa 9a) sla) = 95) = Mo coating te ic ht ws cbtenowide Ih PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS FINAL ROUND Pompe Problem 1, These ise ADC is B > C. Coe ais DC BC. ante perpen DE AC, B AC: Comer the pos ‘esegment DE. Poe athe ine AF ad BP ae apn EF-DC= HD: DB. Solwion 1 AFLBF ase ate gate) ABDF ecu 50 ABP = ZADP sod ZBAF = DAB. Comsueny, 2BAD » 2PAE, ‘wih roves ar np ABD and APE asm BE = 4 ‘One tern angles ADE and DCE esis 42 = G8. The lao ees ys BB = GB. tt, BP-DC = BD DE. Comeneh, fF DC = BD: DE we st $B = $B which mpi, tot wanghes ADE and DCE ae sn, 0 = 4B. tn he sane my 2 = 4 impish esnelee ABD and AE we irs acon ssmueniy, CAPE = 2ABD. Th he quilt) ABDF ices, so ZAPB = Z5DA. This implies AFLBP. ‘Problem? Gent reste can be diel 10nd in 288 ses prove that tena edo ino Bagel us Solon. Die he side of Be etal sy fen (epee atom especie ny) semen eng tg 200 gers fie eth ‘fan ia my (respect) semen of nth ge 288 es of deseg Ne min = 2 Soho otinat= (8) = ae SUNT ‘mas = 200-288 = 240%, 50 mn = mn, = 240 aly my = Amn tim ~2ra—2oam = 42884200-4 240 20, Ba meat cing of here a a espe segment egh we e382 gue eng = Problem 3 Ltr andre te pine umber such tS & p< g Seg Pg A) & amd t-9=2014—p> 4 tare wetwopostilties Den and g P< Sats (0) = (18) 10) 3 Aand + 9 < 18 nconeadon i > Hip) = (11. tee WS ¢ F< 1.50 wn te reese. pg) = (07,10) en 29 P2040 » 2, Comey the requined pines ae p= 1,9 1,0 = 28 Probl 4 Let ABCD be asectugicf cent. Asse ht AB # BC. “Te perenne a Oo BD rene the ines AB ad BC apis sn reece M and N bet ign eee CD ané AD. Seton Lt Pe hii of Band i eth i hr th in DC meas ine BF, Sine MP pes rouge ipinso BC and CD ie ce at EP | BD. 9 FQLMP. Fm MCLE weiter tt Qi th ondcenr of wpe IPF, 29 PQLPM. Tangles POQ sl NOE we equ 10? EN. Coogee, FALLEN. ble 1. The eng of hee of ac re a amber, sch prod lens yp af pps ees eal. Show Butte erabedon i ep ian rami with propery tte ple einen ral ee and plane oft ae are hl 0" Sotion The posite aves of ese th fh tetateon e12 6 Hone fhe elas say AB. hs eg 1, en Bee cous AB vet euler age nena, eager ‘is Tharaldges ine ngs 2: Heo gh 2a te of eh 3. Conesieny eter AB snd BC = CD = DB = Sor Ag AC =AD rele pra et cs roving snl pe ten ‘ste ae plane, Desig isan we ssn = beat oe yumi Lan aptenss2,509 = 0. 1 Determine heer of amie oor, Forever tual umber nn > 2, We ec by hr of 912 cole ube wit rvs i columns whose ei aren desma, ch hl ie loving comin ae le ‘heey ow isan aise see: se sdb segnose 20,0, Sous ca singerow fhe ae etn te vals ahh utr an nee ‘Stn 2) Lat See amber of adie goes, Sneha even digi 5 tere ae 5! = 65 sequence of even digi. Among hs 5 Seenceshave otal eg a5 = segura ety Sea So eee mmr § = 625— 5 80 = 5H, 1 Thee mas ose he iste segs 2,0, B21 te able. The emiig~ Ws cane ied in S~ 1 9. Coeeqenty 4‘Thus 2 ese and sfc contin 4 ban igri a sab (14,7789, Problem Let, rove te ngeiy: Solon By rate frce 2342 —de?-9 dab ts 3 0 Ramage ‘ermto ws 2fo~1)8~ 1) 28(0—1)=1) +012) +1(1-D) > Ooh robe 4. Cowie he cabe ABCDA'B'C-D’ Op the ges (A, (8°. and (aA) conse epi an epstiey.On teas (€B).{CD).an8(CC" comer the ints My, ane estes, Dee yd he iste beeen tees MN and GM, yd the Sic be ‘wee ees NP an NP aml by dy ede betwee he in Fa, Sope tha the ince dd an dy we pene dt. Sow ht ens My Nand ae concent Solution. Deny te i ng be cae itll ‘Mats and. isnt pal PN, we ge = d= an aneson So, ier MAN | Maso PN, | P.M A AGN, MGM al ot pall FN, then MG BE, fr terse dy = dy = Th ther MN and a 2; | Mand MLA SP ner ae he ples (MN) (a) ate pal, Consent ‘MANU MN FM 2% and GP, | aM ice be es Bs 94 77, et cplanrandbaenot-enpy muta meron, ne cnc Problem 1, Deen efectos J N+ Nach ia Hes fin) aste)+9, Solin For = Ot egesiy ed J) Seng = inte ghenemavonyis 1 f4)) = 0) +050 f-42) = ‘or simon y= 0); 0) =. By inuetonf) =f). feralln € Bac J on Wem ie J) = 1 a he image F 6 ett f= (nme sof teem. erally € 80 f somo Problems Stowtj + fot ge ome Stet nn{ten toa teleneton}oan featne Sowion a) 4415 ++ (Eb ++ A) toot (cher + pelt Salo }tfe tee ete f entrance Dyna ented fides tL on) eamenp ator rintatonbatss>Phuinet” ten t}shcis belo? nate iie,3P frome > Lie} t}to-rg en See carn tnigir< ik ctben> hbetelmgataewe Problem Coser Nand hee mbes = 1, wi lai eta a=. Stow hat F fe feral € Rauch a <1 Solan Wea (nd sume llovngererngandctonsay = 15 04 5 0) SS Oy 61 = eggs She |< 1 fllon at seca ceun fiom beth. ah 26)= Sie-almte- Eat £ y(n Werth enue Blo) =~ne +2} (20) ¢ ne +2824)Sitar or 2 > Bla) orea $2 (aye) <—nesain-b)(l-2) <-(2-mll-a) Auman rot. Se fection =o |=] Bi camo aoe nes nd coves emis Wig sane whee he a Fe ‘hangs sign. Coney. sees is mana at on he endpin, ee (1) = BUN) =, Problem. Oke side ingle AKC comer te pints, Cs € (AB). Bis By © (AC) ae Aa © (BC) ach wages ABC nd B,C; have Show hatte sts [2] [AaB [ACS] BSC 04s) 1A oe sone. Sin Sage 40, ACs rete sce Rt Ravean a Seay he € (BC) 2a 6 (CAC. € (AB) foe Tara Bl B= ACA.GCr= AB tome. “peal + 0A + AB.» @ eashqanton wa 4 STA 1620+ Ga) = 8 lo m)B0 = (9-90 Seve ewe BE wt CA {ete er wpto = = Tome © (AC) ‘nr A (4) ed (CB), Tec wore Probl. Cone de inngle ABC dtp & (BC), € (0A, Fe (AB), sunt Pov tif te cicumceie of tingle DEF wd ABC cones te ‘aan ABC i oqier. Solin, Coser open ties, in ug kena te ceca. ener of twang ABC nd dete with sales he coi te ints Then if BE ~ ond =~ Fado on “The targes DBF and ADC have the amecamcenerf satel = l= isd = t= 7. Shea Ho ic anouns to + = af +k = 164+ ch wok is = be whence the contin, Problem, Lats hobe se compe umber sch at e+ a + ak Poet a 9-fea)l > SVS Saluion, Weft ci 0 hen conan i vis teri vie by abla ecg = 2B = fhe7 = fe ypc 9-47 = Of = [8 =. ic elim ft, te iecestewcen he sgomens fhe ne 2.7 The Cosine Thre ges ow a B= [a+ + om ‘ethers Mupleaion athe wens ye Re csies Problem. Concer te et = (1,238). We ty ha foe re € (01.2) tes emmy ste of Aan es ‘heme th esndr when Gide by 3. Dee by i € (01.2), eto which fs chs X, 0,2). eget Suton ASS Xy he omy st dense Nyy Bs of te sets ofperafteset (1,2. € stent on 2.05 tee antes cen the =O md 3,45 Ima. ¢ 2m 3, We eta “hes om Yante iy ng nih), sets Xj ang wih) fe. 9: the in Xone wt (9) 1 {8 ot: Manet =AVXonl+ 18a +a Ninel =2i%09+ Nal +a [Xana = Al #2 +4 Sic [Nas] = gl = tan] = a obvious inden ads no Wo PXeansal = Miaeel ® Maye Ti en 208 = 3-69-41 ad [El = nel ~ ftw > Pl > Problem 4. Conier he scent 9) + (n+l € Stow ta A= (WEN pn) inne) ad Fm (nN [plo es) Sun We ces a od cane geting lane of Ais iy ‘aking = 2? den he +1 An 41 = Cn? —d (Gm! ~tm-+ 1)” +:2m-+1),th tes? 21 an 22+ 21) ecpsine ad tnt Toe form = Sp +L. 2a 1 = Op p+) nfo fot 193-69 Tare copie see Hence, fresh notte fom 209-41) ‘loner of Fen ected we lade manterpand ¢ Nach ‘np |W? + Landy > Tis goatcan essed we aes ine Phang ube am? +1 ke na he ind of od, We proveby onic athe to rine his pein Inde, ee hse ies wre P = (py the pine ats of he mb pia. + woud oote ements Pca Problem 1 Let (0.0) Re x cots esti, ih Bt fry 2 (Os he sequence (fener. ‘Prot fe eeecening econ Solaion Lty € Cz dela + VY focally € (0) Solio Let Pa) = {A hy) = 2" F0e-1+ e124 tA Bash ‘asthe sume ical mia of orb et Seal rsp ose songs, eng he ermine ew sree mae, itolows tral a, > Oferevey = By he Caety-Swars ie, Pla} Pa) > (PIV he cpm party imaginary fle ithe ese matt PX) = eA Xi) ce in pi 5,504 5). 5 = andr = n= 26 the tpi fe Po Jo? +18) Pax) Shee (2+ 5)P)- +1512 eu) Realty € Randall) < TE ‘ewan, 1) Te dei fan sew syne miinci ewe asthe uot homopeeospaonial ite enti lade Pon he ‘ori Ferocimersnalsensyomeic mince te isan aay 260 2 Theater heise few symetic mati big) apr gual lieve ermiin mats nee a mee wither eter lle Heian ite on onjte tangse). The egal ea lhe cose te ft arama ishewsymetief anol Hermie,‘To provethe nen south gene fs Hermitian mice one sch mut = 3 fer hy ati sh compe ees we ec by Xf copes waapse Let be anemia of A a et Be a8 ‘epemesorcrespandiago Using te ht" oie (2) vex we ge andthe ey (XY) = (ott satus ats et flowsane hoes = Kats tate moe Problem 1 Lt be pote ea umber tft.) + (bea ‘unto hich as nese va pop) a comin (6.20). 1190) s19> [108 wots, oth tn Sal. Se fi contin o (0,00) an ound lows a J Imegabieea i forever z > 0 Tae fren (0.2) +, ena by roe [rom ‘shee ete ca (0c), and Fe) = fe) frat > 0. Dae up 900) by lege) = Fe}/2f0#>0 Sine forte >0-p snore (ees Lt deste i iit Sef a te intermedia ale propery. he eis a segue (no psig resi mute sch eh n+ Dae fey) + (0) =O By ype aq) > oy) > Os whence of) = O56 0 Sine #10) = One slel= Pleo. were PU) = Sn oF) = (0) ant P nanan fo 020). Problem Lat fl] + Rte ice ton woe dere Pieconinans ca Prove tt 2) =e [erresn([ soe)" ( [srtone) « (L728) (["eeore) rere, (fearon epee (fara) =A fron rrorts( [ef -nrtm) Ineo by pre lng wi 0/2) = Oe [Ortiosen [to ot [0-nyronen [soe2(fiveore) »( rom) | [,sowe) Problem, Let Ate fe ian wih elmens,sch ha be Yon = Lhe gu se = Lin A ove tha (a) ithe ig ct lem of i (Oe eras © 4 > 2 eh hth unon = has wns (Als nlpmonst reese thate™ =) Seton. (Suppose ce avons pets € Ande mb oer fitness fr whch 2 = Then y = 2"! so of poe 2 an we ve (= y)* = t= ny = 1 The ype (eytet een eaten of 5 The et ‘ ie eae AS hen ine, Wecan ths fad Zenda! = storey se Ase yer) pa twee REWARKS. 1 Sige 2t = fora € A ese commie of oion imps he commu of A. We hal ove hat 3 prt of fle F Asser oil emp e = Bx Chee B= Ae C= A(1- ©) lets. te emeneso Band Cs he ton X* = 10 wecanze by indo tt Hand Ct pes Sle fla. tho product of els I coin no onvi enpte fr eh = € ‘= spot an tet egae Oot 1 Conger, ey # © Ais ier eran inert i ld 2) Thame consion an be dar by he Wem Ain ses em fr emi igen sens nn radial is 220 by pat (9) secon ety fp hee senisnge ing, sod by Be cre tt wean wit a od mu ‘aleve disn ings Sze oie oes ante son rings ie comme we cele ttm pt es, Problem 4 LG beth Ste rp wiht eens show aati € 0,0 em < oa, whee a te mane of endomapisn of foment of Gand p= (Gite gre ie ier, (4) Detemine te roupsn such alee no weg Sitaion (a) Leta bean owen 0G of ere f= a)» and Y= fen2y-08) be ample tt of ects Oe eco of @ oto wh 2, = Cth = n/p Every endomei fsa eames by les on aly benef) =f)" = fess". Conant ad < [6 = wir oe (gant it d= tat ii ay apf 2-9 ‘tendo nendoworphismot. Seppe hat isch te revo lenses a IF = 1 (=. 506 y+) Ey] = P= GP. Asm ow k >2 Lets benny elem Ga coi map F516 ghenty fey) = fl) = eft > 1 Temp fees ose cedoarpisn of Gy sump Pa seD=s0)~6 (6) the manter a! sll, ecm fod amp f 2-16 sing «an ew ome te eleme of G-Ba mh anf doe ao exe a enecsang min. Te tt eninkey Hegce wes hne 9 = an come a! = efrall=€ Ik =2 = Ke len fc ou, ih ey son sty ese egal Wh >. dos ables an oft cots 4 = 2,850 nec saiip fT +6. wih fe) ‘ean fev) # «This za onraton.sce wecanot ene! an endomphim C ‘Sting ph enly rope ox which uty ne Zp ih a rine an te Ken tuearup. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS [BMO AND IMO SELECTION TESTS Problem 1, Daernie lees Fon 5 1 nee sch ht oem of omens sonenpy bay fF ise by n+ 1 ‘ow my sh ier ext, me of ins postive inegers ewee Sotto, Det by 00-2 ela sah ay, Cone hesuos a= EL au = 12, Noe stole isle y m+ an so snl be cng modo n+ 1 (ebervie etc woul ‘ue vib +1) hee ey ares an nro ses a 841! Baton sameoy = 010 = 2) H4n.0¢ a4 = Eat Re Soot bene we neadhe n= ano, =a cong mado n+ 1. ‘Sete ining hasbeen hay ene fe fmiy mas econ theme aa. Now ay sf wh 15/8 0. inten a +6h +6i etniesyeofa,, Mreer he amok eet fhe rae wae ele ie ek ‘Nore show a tain Sof (Se) at of or epee sera ft ot tan ny be rant it become je 0, Feral € 2, conser sas Sy = $k +1) de eames SRC (1). Duet pombe over, te wal length of he won US — 1k €2) fet mot egal ibe oleh of mon U{Su:k€ Z) » 5. ec es ta 1 Tire he ext € IU As 2) whens (Sronz=0 Probl 3. A somes hoon ABCDEP al sider of gh 1. Prove atone of i othe cums cele of tenes ACE sod BDF Isat oe Solon. Sopp oh aie oer tas. Let ete concent angle ACE. Tan ZAOC > ABC, COE » CDE, 2B0A > ZEPA 2) gle ACE none angle eee icons Otte ZAC + ne ACE ohne? Rec Sows nt coin O, dee ste pa sae seta ho ‘on tyne In beh cates ZABC + ZODE + ZBPA < 2. A sir ening. or vinnie BDF, ys 2BCD 4 2DBP 4. ZPAD < 2x. Summig ex 40 Insult anf be angle hexagon oe at le an Problem, Proven ghenay somes leon P wih mie eet se ofp ner Psch Gt Ge eer ay nee determin by ref verze P contin ena os ei rot S Seton Le. beacyeestindsng fr te ves of Pat + ned pitino thie 41,0 Fore (yy 2) comer ne pitch rth wpe ince eng = 6+ ‘ont epmt fo} Pesto epi ait stad requiem sce ‘en the cmenty af Pfr ay, ti erie of Pon oly he segment sos comin» pte the ge 4 wie pane wi 55h Laeclemy xesor it Ateraiv son Te slaton allows fr chong eo ay bein ‘de ierrot eierston of profiel, an, Alera tion, ha con aoe fr hong poi anyere ‘nthe intro be rset of hpi of wes y+ Jann = Sn 4 Ifet # Dan [2] ab pots sy mae anus. Problem 5 Demin te gestconmon die oh unbes Seton Mae peel for ntgern > 3 we msi the Be of be ssatauro-t it ring = ahem on ee atthe fe pe ptiremy, 30 Dosntett =) Lepbea pine vig le umber Ce ee ee ‘fr te inom! ~ 12, entres™“ = hs indy ‘ih ml hs thal polyol Eps ten! 1p Bp — flow a a1, ee a € 2. .p~ Hehe 3,51 arr fhe plo 2°" = Linde) Bathey ae ate et ote pn 27 Ie Fermat's Them. Thre 27" Tide <= =f whee p~ fa = se form = 1 = ap 1)+4. wih Zr < p= heme he FY 1) G1) 501 Suen e —Lateer Comer fry ~~ i fs Fermas Thr ato — fora hee deal eater te sateen False dos vide ~~ 1) cat de lumber PP =2.98= 9,00, ne esata pd gee Busone aoe soup aegis a Input. gas common dive bonkers ole = hese = T= S00=24.5-7)42-908 11-17 :20-41-71-119-28, ‘Problem & Lein > 3b ned ier temas vale of eet 8=Vin=al+ Vinwalt + Vo al+ Via foes eh Bo Sain. We wil how ap B = n= 2+ V5, th bounding atin by sing. eam 84 Opnzenn= hte =O Sec rion Hs on T2008 MO a MO » Sips above mama cere fr te ais 2 2-- Te ster a er other ein wih << 1 9, = oj: frome jen En = 1 a anos >a igo, sine aking, = would cive geal. =a Vem «a Soe ckty Sa enna fll Problem?, Dositestaseqeceotneges 1 y 2and > I wee ly + maou +n > Bee ica Torn = Dani k > 2,wehue He andy > bso kia prope dvr of Form Tandh3 I wehive t+ Hog Lanta, +15 0 am 1 sprper dar of Fern = Land h3 S,wehive ag Lande -1> R= t.208!—1 Atrtiv slo, Coie 04» (i —acpear erage sabes i Pee Fe out tnsh an eeFur = Tid > Lonehivek + Iee+ Landon 41> 0+ a0 R41 orn = —Land> 3 webie Mo) Landay —1>A1— ao ie foro 3 2 and ko a rope ‘Problem Proven comexpestagnbasa vee who dnote ‘appre is oppose ie acy ls thn ena the dts oe Iselin erce othe ie Satan. Lt0.2 34 ben cy inning fore eso emp Frmalpeheal nls, i(+ come eof iin wg we sey same 0,, We ll aw ene i ae fete oe Dense by AF] Hee of re 2,8) < A234 A.A AG1234 = ADL — A028) tao) < ABLE ANNI} AR4) +1084) Late he ming poi a ign.) an 2.4 Sic wn 2,3) analy ovrp we have A 128,4.< AsO] + Aly a+ ab.) 0) Les ote tA sa camer combina A, 2 ad A601 oe the miinay of 80,1, we hie ADL.) > A, ene Ae 1] § A013} Sie. AAO) > AE, 3.4) Together eset Inoue id te one we Med ana Problem, Detrin ic minimus umber of eth coast gh vith n> Syria my hei emhedge belong oat et one ingle Solution. Lat fn bul tne dl ving esto opr Froidn = 2k+ apne mic dey hanger aneane und common ee (al i confgsrtion idl wh nop te uber seeds oF Tov even n= 2a poe mo ie made by 3 (~ Indl pa one rele“ by oe ie the ide wing: umber of ee ens pase Dest by the miinam tuner as nb ar se mod show tes < PSF 40 eg < Be (On eather an, coir cha cnn gh 6 = (VF) wh = ‘1 > Sand |B] = eqand 021) < 3 Toray vere he umber fet leis ae Le dee) 22y.snceif0~ he eter wold become hist tte oo a beh ty wage Baten Fy dest) 2 < Si ence eee as) on You = with dys) = 2 Dette by ‘ys thenehtounof ten 3.24 ay ee 12 ste ony angle comings, en enone ees = ogee ithe yan) and clap yan homing De). (ocbins gph C= (V2) withthe ted prepin "| =(V| =. |P|= 15) Swe oer tenor the ene oper wh ey nd 2) 10 bin gph @ = (02) with eae ropes 1' Wi 1ie = lel th aes (5) = [61 > (0, a 26 3". Conti i roel a ft wih one wage, thee cy > 3+ $n —8) = MES Pang topeter he odin we cist Problem 10 Leteinle ABC Bae BC < AB a pits Do (AC), om (AB) be wh at ZDEB = ZOCB. given dt gol Fes ‘heer fe guste! CDE, he pis of suns tan BER,CDF.respectvely BCP, DEF, wetnge. Poet pits A.C, F, azeconslea seus Sinton We wi show tat pit Fe eset BD, sch that PED = LDCP nd ZDEP « ZECB, Supp F estate nero ‘ale BDE ad conse he conn tinge HI fers: BER CDP: hen DER = LOFT = CHEG = ZF0G < ECD. soc ie G (whe BF ‘et pin te ice CDF) it inthe eo alae DF. Sry ZDEF « BCP; y summing near nd fw tte coe ‘on ZDED « ZBCD. Maco te toverexonng, ZBEF — ZOCP and ZDEF = ZBCR. whence LEPC + ZEAC ACFE nce Problem 1 Lt ABC bean acateangle al sonacner and sy tin te le. The cic of lamer LX mote ont in AM a it 4, and eae AX tpi Ay. Poi By Bs aed, Ci ae Seti ina ei wy Pove atte ine yA, BB, CC concur, Solin. Deo by Be ft of he aie fom A,B,C. Wehine BAC, = ZOMG = LOMB = 2A and angus B ad hen wings ABC an 0, we sii Now 2B, = ZByBiAs = ZXAC ie Hy LAK a HBAAC, so asoges tr Hn C. Tefen te yf wo ag A coespods the sg of AX, ad anlar Ba. Sie AX, BX, OX ween at X0, tloathatgieaiae soso he 4, BB, C.C ae sen, Problem 12, Ferm ann lites agers pve ta 2" dps Solin, Dewte M = 2-1. Asus MI 1 ten OHO = (mo ie. 3 ign resid ela But M = 1 md) ncerm od, ence (Wf) = 1 The tice M el nd (24,3) 1 we canasethe quatre fe symbols @)-@@)-co* em qute i nd concn, v7 Prot 12 Ago fp sil ob lei i ay oH 0 pape ture xt (at est pu suai th th team ay ‘exo fm pepe te ns es) aps og wach de Pov te santero pein alec rp we oid. Wem en ene te minal silent pepe anced Arve tay < YE poeta <8 Solus (D Sar We oma san wie rp bee emis, wh ea ap ih be pope ate, dea Benen poole snd witch er Dent, eect A, Be minim resthely miimun def he eer ofan tlm! gph G hac ‘ning no compete Khe 1) Then |6|~ fy ~1-< n~ 1, se all omnis ofa vers ms econ wit eds. Thre 2nd ge compe amber fae, Bp) CePA syhen toot ap almadp) A difrstappoch sarah geneatng esti Lt be a pimiie prot of uty ad crite pla Pte)= [tev = er 1 = rte One hen est Pa CaP Foe Bata win Sere (®), whe te aera atts A= e523) 59) © (2 MN stmt = Hoods) Dowie tia +2+-- 2a hae minimap ine] nviegs on ows hat y= oy ~ 2. fra 1 9 oo = BABY, sang gy = GIR? pet 1507-1 robe or oe ign 3 2p ain ay slat atest 2-1 eT meengy St tof (1,2) tee re ah a oe fh se unn ob wor Seton The prot by indo For = 2, ere ely = 2-1 41 ey in tt sd (1) (2) = (2.2) Fon 3 2 nme we have sled 2° +1 neg iit sb of (1.2...) Hales?" Latent conan hepa ac hype Mat a 2" 4 2 ofa dona n+ 1 hen by (caveats onesabet i (n+ 1) pry eidacin ype “hecho eee witha" aecoeining n+ ely coining n+ 1 et aa on lene en 1) By removing ‘rete ti 2 emp sob of (1.2, and mt ea ‘ame erenpy ste! A Buthen B= AU (n+ 1) ang on en, sd we we nie? ‘Problem 17. Format ose mage dos ee ext pom of (2.2m) me tie dren (2) 1g Fara tn ~Srcasnatacoosaoforinmim crt them PeSon. Wein sacha ema exit am ony fm = 8) 0 n= Lim Tose te condone eet ha he sit diene be, nsome oder, th mbes t,..om = 1 a8 Jt) =A) n= Tek Se = Hat ne mathe & sien byte = I} orn (inant gente whiefoen = 1 (a) dating Problem 8 Let ABC tea trogle dK Kn Ke etc having is encanta, Show at it fe cists he cl ofthe wine. bene hid ones angen teint Solio. Lt ethene pice of eagle, Bethe mio of these BC, ns beth fo fete om By Fees Thee lls imeral nent tence On hater nde hres he ‘or AAs wh ie ence orth een cite hens =). Nove ha = i eal ZA = ance he np Asa itemise he segment AH (whe ihe ren of hea (nerd y= youn AB = AC, We cm hatin stuaton oer th os ecb sta hei coo agent Ky Res at he segmeA sacomme hn f ie \elaspom [5] ssupnel br kat cee et Seiscr Tests YoR a 200€BMO A¥D IMO » ‘sand otis ent none of th in da te same se om ofthe cite segments, a nls ee sin etm sles do soci. Coney ince cama uch ea ste our segment cep when agency as ee Ban a ese ‘pis he iil ae he sie A he min o he fe ste nce ABC an ose age -ony hu We asamed he cnt, ‘Thuile Kenge oe ile kot HABE = AC ee cA = mF. Liss, ce eng le aly fA = BC oy 20 = 9 Thee wo snatons an intact os cl ine ABC icq ten eid i, nage he cel Problem 9, Leto) ot hes umf jn stags ‘he nc ute an pte sch ht ey brit vei ine iment he ner fat met esting, Show at 2a sim co —2 (i sed ara henge ve sis ote sist 7) Sotuion Cal reagan pio le. Ts bin i me oa, we proceed by int, ley.) 1. Prin In garesTke atm cheng fn — 1) nd vepowe ons no epee esq nd ‘onsinhe ver ihn Wenow ves phish cnn far Te nmker ites ihe 2f (81) +2 hae fi) > 20 —1) +2 recent spy ade fe) 33-24 2 ‘mower oan he uper ound die fa be mas ker ae pain of some esta Dh hat yr ine es Into of a mst me, wie ay vee mee he ea of at "al ithe “on condi’ f() = fn) ® Ce, J) sk) = Bf yk We wil how a fom) < A = 2 i shove cas ay 01 ey We wl eid by indesion on m+ The solos eel ote ling Fira tyme pe se an a OyLeven on) < 241m] +24 mae fm.n~2) S82.) Pro Sap we hive prtontDreling Lt Bete we echt mes te eo Dt he wie at ett eee of Dan a} ome te wid of esagle A. Clty. (2) < w(D) dnt) < w(D) seer can pron Lor wat ~ Tver segments nein sn). New tingu eses (a) w(E) + (F< wD). We ect D sng eerie be iat edge of Lan lef eof gt decompo ee mal ale Calc pee ef mde in ih ls th mise pace may bey. “he epee ite nde scene wucig ee eget D someon Now ecole inte vera eon, ‘ecbin etn aig he m1) condo: ee ee poe seni f= yn-~1)+ 1s, Poesia inary fre hep ‘he me pein ~ 2s) codon sw eosin he orsigh ge of Dens ino Hence imam tes fon~ 2.) ee. “Tos we ve fine) € 24m Lyn) +2+ fom—2.) me (0) w+ wf) > w(D)- We nny ete he a ih pies: tine an hex aa he i pe, As the eins ‘th umber es nese boul f—1yn—1) +1 ‘Peme petaii te (n) conion: however if we ois ah he rw of a il it te (myn ~2) coon, Bae 2 cola ‘ena wrayer pa nd Rn ee nd op ses eae weave fn) 244 ly I) 3+ mn ~2) nica ‘Toa the Lan rove” a Taare po) nti es.) > afgnsirn- ipsa teste Jim) 3 ime 3) Po! Bm > ‘ato Rete ea poet =e PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS JUNIOR BMO SELECTION TESTS, Problem I Lethe spin uh» #3, det be inp mumbo sth a band? [al +0 Show ty? [os borg a+ lion Sopa} a-+8 Maca rove tat | 4. Ne at p? | (0-40) — Sl we infer tap | ok Sep 3 es flows ay | aarp Sine» | a+b we stp | amp 8 Caney, Blot andy Pinyin? [a Problem 2 Prove ht fr any pone itp exile fm toe deca igi a upto, Seton Let > Vand Ak & NConie a omindrof he ures 0 ve pon sony Since tea cy ily many eh, ‘eres 00,1. sn= Lan tat 1 amd fray many es ‘frm € N Letimy > my >---> mg Bea seing of meh v's The ber A 10% 100 4 10% hen ier eal te omaing oes ae 2110 stay ad up wm, Maeve A = na = Oman) som | Abi compete pot Problem Le! ABC te an sarge inp. Coie te eu tangle UV, with A € (BO), Ue (AC), V € (AB) sch UV I BC. Tre oi € (AC) and" (AB) dt snl, Shon hte ine AM.BB! wh CO ae concen Soluion Comite the ie ange BCA, ere eatwty ontheside BC, Tpit 4, As eli hohe ey of eer A ‘eich map pin U7 1 Crepe ‘Shee ies Ady, BB, CC, cnc ot Ferma al pit of te wine ABC te cotsion lions. Problem Let ABC bea tpl nd et te he mist oe te BC. Ont de AB an AC ae pons Negi an te mins of ie segment at AM? + ANY = BI 4 CN? and (MDS = BAC. Poet A= Scition Let and ee pint of he dr AC an AD an Pe Sheree img D aes Revie AM? + AN? = BM? + ON? ae (+ FM + (ENE = (= FU? + (3 = NE, waste: FAC = 8B. Then SH = SB PE = Yi. Se MPD ~ ZNEP, we get QMFD ~ ANEP, wich (aplis ADF = PE. One in. UD = ZBAC = CEDE, ‘Now he ile PD ils nd VB i mein go NBLDP, Outi A= 90. Problem Ltn € 3 Dantas Benger ater sch that €or 1,2, fa an + ag een ove ta Selon. Cone An = 4 Oy Seg Snags Lwehane 26nd get = Ba ys = 3 hen chim eben = 2 amber een > Otenay 4p+- haya hayes ean aces tomecaeofn Imam Problem & Coser an ace snl wage ABC; he it AD sd te eit whee he ameter ough of he cule mes he ie BC. AMC = 88. Satan. Note at AD = AN’ AM and ANB = ZAMC = 9" 00 ZBAE = EAC + LDAC= EAC + LCAM = ZBAM acnegeely AE = ABAM. Hows at ZENA = ZBMAL.0 ZBNE = 50 — Problem 7 Letty BEA SER ees ah Ba 2 he amberofaupesf inte guns orale = 1,2, ital pose Solon Not at = 1 vie al sd at allay < ‘Conse an yn aay hs ()-emy 6 1 die nd O be ke. We dle soning oh he of ei ofthe ah am (Oe ter tnd rch jhe sum of he sso jn ee umber of ia of, hema niente 0 So, Abra lation Rel ae; = md € fo 1 > Likecussamutilotn 1, ren2 > ie te shen squenc:leay, E> TBemch mie The oan < wwe hata = els moterwrd hreae n~ mip of nthe oe Bulk > ad |, clea > 1 The mt cat et ie he seen so beside, we bea) => 1. Meme Fn, ecomactn. A efoesn = Horn = 2 meth only posible ales atmttme gt etyPott franym = 12. herein amber og wa i Solin. is eat wend ove hao; 08-06 Bm Lek ws neat his empha = 1,2, at yc om mbes among the oe um le ann npr, some, an ++ a4) < nm, abc contain, ‘ick op, Kg be he gemec men ofthe ambe 0 ad supoethato, +; +-~ Fay Lasts, Problem , Leto, Dbe fa mies with propery Hate ing of on t Beancennunb forall €N Show dh aisan crn inegr Seton Lato dey Sansbeton +h, © Boyan Colt) $< Bras +h a Sobraing (1) em (2) We pens £0) ~1 <0 € Beats ~ H+ alm > 0. Since (2qy4~ 2) ~ a 0 nee lone al uns 2ayss ~ ze) ~ 1 mat eur wu i ew ope intervals tng? woe le enti atest? stn pr, wih mp, section es ron MO %s esse es 29)=1 €Z.s0rqst te = sandy = 4, PE T,Yn'> 0.Phpimo(1) $129 —D- (a B)n <3p—b 1 > foe = Before the st of ine pr wold ave a prod (Onre t sican inp nan even ips ee Problem 10 Ten umber te hon cand om he 1,2,3,- 87 ‘Stn tat on cn sl ur inc utr om Be en 9 a he sumo woo Bem aga osu oft teva Seton Cones poste dite ¢— acing Omani. ace 5 pose citereces and all Dong he 11,28. 38, at Ie woot hace eal Lethe bea banked wide € aed ‘shia riter heaven grees mer omen one ‘Now, bere Bt we have poi een a 36 poste also hens ide posi eens we outer 9 pis ofa potine Thetis cue ghesa bende haved c= cand wee de acne aenly eames forb= corto wea dot ha > €> 4 Sime wecamee Problem Late be oti rn marth ab TSaOTS Te Rera) Tester Sake Sstioe Ung the AM-OM ieaty we eve SS > YER. As ob been =S,tenabeg Now Een "Lisa 3 Traebray "Drea e) > Lapis sD Problem 12 nda ines qin te gui — otSolin. sy observe tapi od fg, iter wocdsp 3 9 ad ia) ig 2027"! = 7492 Theol ska isp=3,s8200 > Te fo siln 3 Fag» 3. Lit ema Thosem wget 24 ~ Tanda |p-+7 Sap+T= kg beW. 124~T 4 Owehiveg = Sandp| I, fie 12-7 > 0.0602¢~73 psodg > 9473 hy here = Lot Fork = 1weckainp +7 = gop |2p+7.Thsiplisp= Tal deng 21 Supe > asp. 3 Ewe ase? > @ tn ten 7 = 29 — pt gt > 3 = Mx cmd, Tog > pad hen PAT = 24> Ip hich yelp = orp = 5. Fry = Swehne P= 5 phe 12, imo lan Taconite stone ae ve) = (2,2 (88. Problem 1. Ltdbes ne ant ets ion Cie 0,8 98 cent A, B,D gent din sch rat al ts 8 sural tangent Mf whe ie, Sar ental nan ot - Mare, points A and C bes on he ie ie fine hve th rent ie ‘agent al ies 286 coming of em ia he so hen es AC, BD sn dee concuet piel Sion. Lat bebe eri of clea, 76 Mss prove tha f= finar wos hero f cont wtp sine {ec Ri Sethe mip eae determine y dot hee the owe tnt 8,4, Bee te same eo A. Dente A a heyy oan © Kage. Obere ht poi A, are clini the ny wich ape ci amo lle Kon sini poe, 3, Secale Sie Sw adm of ‘angles RAS ad £98, oh Wns BR Seta pst then ee rocnrof eagle VRS. Nee DAE AL RS, bene © ent Oe noson poi of dan RS. Lines A an Banc! the cles nae U ad 2 ce rey ice RA, 8 = 25, =O, he sepmens UM and ZA ee ame evinces 8.20 § = Y= (BT ter cnt od Problem M4, Let ABCD te dat oc opps sr pars a, Tepe Ato BD mse ae CD tit Pant earl om Dat AC moses AB tpi E Conse emp M,N, P,Qatthe ‘spent AC, BD, AP, DE reps Sw tines MEN, PQ and AD ae Soluion LAO ete pitotAD, Re tne totes AC se BD and 8 beth eseton pit nes AP and DE. Since sn te ‘helps eis DB al DE ob tingle DBE, we ve 0 © NQ snl 0 € MP. Morons DRAS apa. he aga BS pies cag emit Ofte hr dpe AD, No, pps Dears ‘There orgs NFM and SPO, gent es dno ine QAP RS and we rede Probe IS, Letmn © and A= (hohe B= (L2acam) A suet Ses produ! AB hah pope ar any pts) (8) © S.ten (a 2(b~3) 0.Sbow dt Stacatanum +n ements (1.2,-ym) stn Bc Beet llleens} € B owiehe pe) elongro he Sno a ome ce can be my Coun pis | Soverallseon elem ie ps, web] = [B44 +19 ‘Theman ait bere techno noi BeBe Ba hse by X < ¥ weman that < y ora 2 € X andy € YAY big se figs. (Tis eo ins he mp2 ocepy my xs a Since B.A Bs 0 By = B = {2+ sm} and any 40 comectve snes she common estos lee eat y es ae = a Isl 10a ier Selon, Te hon we) Webi mn =1 | (Ym =m n=] 2) = oon = 1pm en > m2 then 1 =m Lae 8 wa > me € mi, fomrmn 1 ¢ = 1 we dete at Vl 2. Ten inn —1Gm? nem Laon By wecbiann Le omen —1om onan, re a ee era 1 =i)on era( foralelmumdeso,he> Owitha +b e=ab + het Stl. Ore th ie mates = 8 = 2, © = Of ie onde cbs tet on = a} B46 Puig noe ge gai, we dane at A(j+}+ 4-H) 3 hhewe et "We chi ha ng r=, ovina hms ale of ie Taisen rete eeu fons tetra (ehyeptcegtent) ot TMtEE vobetereste ZU (ght wreew rie EB an Novke ut 2 > sar ace he > 0. Summing era lpr on ofa, ewe get sree Arai ion, Tenaya lomig 8 aeeret (ao yy eae. ets) aaa tise ate” rmbt cleral SAP HE s ob teten)tatbte Tes b+a(eh ret) Irisnow cle > and iy le a ‘te masini,PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS BALKAN MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD Problem. Let ABC be ase anol ge wih AC > BC. Le Obes ckoancner orbs an het he site: Let Pete poi oer tan A) ee ine AB or wh AP = PF and te gpa the side AC, PH and BC mest X,0M a PX mt Ya (OF wt AC meat 2. Rove tpi FM. ¥ Ze conti Solon. Since OMLAC, te cncaion quien» OFF, This cane proven in miy ways At pity he cl prc: he rine (0,0) Al 0) BI -¥),C(0,e).a.e> Onn Pla), Then (0,8), wie $= Aen h = 8, Forte pin (50) wet (se 8, wethe pi X itn oe ines Eater, potetes, Ants posit sw a ZOPE = ZOFX (i be mpi of ‘esd AB), by mes wigoaety. We bare OE _ OAsxc cast osc MOFE ~ Ep ~ Feu” SaO~ Sina ~ TB soca C— Din Aca =a + B)~ on Ae B= (BA) Then, thom Cows Thema gone oem pda wate PCP, sa0RE sn BPX sn POR snBPR “ssCPX sn FOX BPX = £BaHl =00°— 5 = ZFC, OPK =204H1 = 9! C, LPOX = £PCR ~ 2PCB =W" ~ A- (00-8) = BA. sa0RR _saTPX _ sno) __ cose MOP OBER ~ an POX 7 an P= A) ~ TB ‘heel aon pied gunner leon wih computes asec inp snide, Potente seth pre oa trate i) 2008, fora postive nepers i?Seton. Tetsuo make tbe AMM epi ana compton ‘whee cain ice howe Roda be made ere hn 2008, ‘Alea ion Ute eualiy hich, combo ih eth he amen eri Seen ONS ‘hechim. The pv ing robin whe €2—1, all << lobes et ctsilern Sean epic ep yay ems he sequence, sch hat every rplcement i bain a ote (enn ih ‘ass (wl Ee € Ee The eam cme ng psn exis ch hat) > 21, hhh arent inde hing his brpe sev helamesinde 0 Pad perme placement, = Fhe = eo, Gr Thane = forthe Eachsachrepceet erases by tet | hesamber oid fr mich e132 Lite nine Dt ort 3 rkapsi Ye Da rete taas trite eens fore 1 mp ag decay Sc gly z ace Son can = av Problem Leen bea pute eer Reni ABCD, having te gt sides A= n+ 14nd BC = n+ 5, pron inant gee ih sides pet wi ie ies othe etn. Let ete sto pis whch ‘ne verso sui ques. Poe Ba Be ur of es using ‘hoop pinot Si ily oer wth rin nth ener oft recanted npr en Teele, $= (281,254 1) |b € Ze ¢ 6m & e+ 2. Now ‘repro then for jt epi an show te mer ee ince cary dey ‘he tisccarpe sme ois peo ces tees of een ak amber +24 9+ 6 A502) "The msn catpcy ice of nt ping top he cent of he rene ond ont pall ois (ig hel conan enc ape foun hd ddd, ayer wh rape emer here sagleorotesmmmery sceme re ‘The cay mets asin tout cen eRe snlone ut sae ihe eu fio (180. + 2) (isin +2} whale palo ecg ene cn td Tee 2 xp edging. Tac rs ct pons ore ech iy me a a ener th peti ein hed nd wets th ‘pete ve at Tantei ade othedaoPawl ens ing troup he coef he ened it Sb pt Sf8P. Ths e e tarercey ving sfe a wihf Inetutletactn 90048 005 potand orl) < p= Soe To wet te ns, eh ie of 8 ge Sie wi + 3. seu in te el [800 — 1, na coon rein ith teste meg ce tee wh +3 at ie 2003 ‘hash iw 24-9. Theta nde im Sey 7S n+ ae cay wih te eg rie wih St + 3s i he mera 900+ 2 tn 3h Sina te teicher Pe <5 3 ta n+) mening 00+ 3a. Adding se sum et dpmiho we flo ta be buh py soni ton 3) 8 Leeson mbes y(n +8 ant +5) ae dey & Se 3 snd n+ Lectin + 3) = GDN +1) = 2 +1 a 900+) seen wie fn +5) sey 8) = ad ep Problem 4. Let be pve ip, The que (oa i ded = sagt = 8 +o +2 feral ote meen: Dutra anes of ‘or whchthere ein inept b> I,m 3 Pah a +? Rete poner of Solution, Pome recarecerenicn we pet +2 = one ay ten fora 3? a ayant = (Oe een toner + Wei sow te fcr gaye anday ayes Hae pine net they wold sbareacommonpine trp ep |(2y~2yet Fyre 20g 4 Yandp| og F001 +1 ~ 24 ye) = Bagot + Pome eaton 22ay +1) = (anes +7 +4241) leno fle p | (42 +1), whe fom Be same lation fr 8 — 1 ows I ayes +17. bee | (ana +1). We sec ta pie al ambos of the frm 2a, +116 2 Sn: npr p | 2 $1 = 2641 Butane rosin shows (2+ It +1) = eheacehe asuto sae Frm the sve ifs haf +2 ay ~ ay fork ie the power mm > 2of some ep hen al = on = af +2 ine tote poersn,m 3 2of ome meg Therefore fal he einen he oem ce een lh ie ta +e ee 1) equal te power > 2 foe neg Si and +1 ae copsime whe ea pve aur, eum ‘hepnblemi filed and ony e+e apertcsgane!? sfsSasymnqa Bath > 2 caf 42 clon eePROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ROMANIAN MASTER IN MATHEMATICS COMPETITION Problem Let ABC bean la pe, Paap ‘othe tingle ei erent dans oh eae decd snd for postin rea mer andthe i of rns Pao a ab sant ccan ete ies anon degenerate angle Sotton. Teese ie eine ans ABC. ‘To prove hic embed he eugene Case pe Oya she stintbe pane z +942 = 1 dsb by ey2 0. Lette fet oe perpen ors Ponto BC ant CA te D and E epee he ‘tof perpen fom Pe the panss OBC td OCA te @ ant ropeine. Then anges PQD a PRE we sina, © PQ: PR= PD seer) esata of PT te same wy 2 sowehae(a? 2) = i292), Nov ifaund cress ofan, Hoc oma st hl se fe eof at eal Flerbrararosa ‘Soh quays ose There ao. Malin te egesn oth ne ha band cae he iso eanglefandonly i 2Dv2 Lato Ses? 2 ae prparomalos9,, i fows tat, Sandome eo lif anton drolers-e. Ber ec lett) 20 Rowan Maren MrIEArieComron wo ‘So.etoqied cut pansies tsb 8 < 1/2 te plane = + 42 = Inhatete tvot nad of e quiet ean Alera sean Ung oc a tay soins fo. n an litera sing ceumras | ne cine thence Pte nce ring th te problem Wale oT ft co can se he Sinai ote stove an. roti 2 Given pte ngs > 1, roe ha ay ps ngs asamp sesegcnce Ih Sion. abt twa es lee spate ies The ssaion mies of site vases rs cl nen fie om tain of befor an, ley tee ext > 0.03 Land lends M=ea glia), sch hat M ea mio eco comida = ap dh» pris» > A Then, by Fem'e Therem y> M'> as psa9)=1) 1 aor ther a= p> A> Or haber ae p= 011-1, Aatlng»—1 = mf) we ve 0 = 1 a), attr bp = (da) 09 de tp. Burp > Mf > soil) = Iehence desk an ao dir ng ‘Weweleh opovedut ecu nach pI — mel) hating > M must ‘elongate suas fern i) Typeset pa) =‘eset ppt De Te! bt el sare rnd gee Tanta beal oe Botan ep penta eat neato ottoman ney pnltmnsrs turators inamsmniipoen any dy oper Le be peau 1 22h} net aa se te eae eM sia, wi ctes nc = pi rt yt ey Sharh econ awit weet) vhceamotes tayo ora an x)= TL X29, ith among rt of = There foamy n> 2 Asner aly Sn myc pine. = TT" A Li) > ste este p rine, vn fe), ard ere vg {ML Wethencnnt hep dng nf ~ ine ay bea 25-12 CPA), POD = OKIE RR PO =5 TTA Peer A ny ys a hs tine papel) ~ ae Bence ar 08) ng oh ohn oe poe ose en ei be a ae ae ‘ry atue e i= eoenepme een eston 024 = Peat) =o" 100) + Soucy nf Lad ae corine (aerate) three cat de The shows at” = ad) ann! Dod) foray 50% = edo) att! = 1 (ad) (Fema Tee) 0 emt he vi ing lsh belong oh od cca ogres Here» # @ foray comin in eave ly) = and has weave fond yt nabs pine, comcton ° Problem. Poet any ne ones nic f+ Zn be wens = whee 4 Zeon one sive fant Stun. (D Seve) To a, uch hac = ws tis emugh conser the ae f= Hetty on Zo i ices wre the above relation ab ip ave (tye Conte he ftowing well arden oth moze segs: 2 ae ‘ule folowing le sp At » kk splat ea 8) ‘Theindsveraleincompleiag the bls flows: att wit Ite es Ine ring of 2 cla eau pte ube he seat is hh a om dict B esi fo Aah Supa now htsow of pba ten cnet, Wee ow + cla A he nee oh cing of 2" a ant ot ern din A or incl # ‘heuer i+ L with ean pe hat fhe umber wien in. ad ‘mB tesa of Aad"seas 0s: tin ime we tan isin ama where AUB = 2 9440 B = theclen in B dot pene 0) Problem 4 Prone to song any (n+) nies ga of ie "eet pve een o8cn pk te. sch thei don! by them ha enn re Solio. Aloah ep ote cen may somehow agp i ‘sss nai ore an isis mi fea, cenrd sod ering ea of ingles sing ene covey nie. east by A = 9 he en fhe ge, by P= dn te prince f he ss = (0-1) he uber of i, The come tof 2 pin wile convex gon Continedinte ensue) 3 F< th 1 psn in ster any hr ona cliente il Serie angle of res 0, seeing te es ily, ‘Weill mae os oft fling fie ree: Ary analion of comer gon sing =N-kieropity imae ef =(h-2)4 2m 4-1.” Astetnotte comet -aaiastmot Ail, ig aac _mpumen there wll tingle fant most y= 1. ‘on tere bad sth preter of te ne alg oot Pecan aa ir fconsctiesides, bethm ,b giabch tht £2 s0 tn a esi ap aes 28 eee ‘Snag es se ‘ante pa cn etct =) (hte eae me) None eg denn bane 1 yest Favanvinny < (E2) « = a ‘cmt end iw ny pend on 8) ini eh) decnig tte wrt eae catenin we es Ft et B= * BE Bt oma fa, 085 = 1)" 16-— hy eee fa leh ae fo, REARS. One an npn oe Bun ie by; os oy be woven at ip ofa tnt vn can be ad Howe te mam wale fe by) is re th $85). ic ove f ‘when ows age hs raring ny tempo prove oni found The ino te urd given by (bt seo a fen ‘aye tan! om soe he sie of ae ae io il ‘Theatr arom ining ihe ea eh (rg lhe sinter eave howeer eave atmo we he onl pce init simples form (prone sem gare i ut ae he ny dering ge oat nt) ces inv 6 ey is the aired ince rote seg or = 2 when? 21 = (241), (On tobertand oem = he rea at pai! bereits rage of ea st (eral pay moi om ae ‘107 whenhecorcanserisghenby (7) = .abseertnund an aying founda he etePROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IMAR MATHEMATICAL COMPETITION ble, Revatomtes2,> 1 ¢1¢0n 3 echt Sipe Be, eaten tot it pectin Sod (St) Fern = 2, Smoke cfr be panteaph nee > Lect $= emo arn > 2. we wil ov te ihtapertound ney ‘Comer the ction (L450) + +) ded by sesiehoovarda rove tat fatty deg (2 Let an fr 989A 9—ttawed< ‘te n> Lewes > mmmoncat ns <3 semutybeseamsstya hen entrulcad eeu SE waren ea = on cb oun te a etna hrs ya eipe canna = oni nc Sesh mas stn = scan Tae ree 2.002) € (1,2) fra, hy < th Problem 2 Dent by Che iy ofall ontgratons Co > 1 sie ins oe the phew, ny He amlyofal he emisperes ofS ‘Compute maemo, pigeeelrnal, st glppagit ney amurncl=0, sic for any 1 we ye Ce 1 pt td wpe on Sire papgurnci=%, ses eran wera et yma pi bch geo. aamgerecl= [7]. sin ray ©, ming piel wh ses ogo pio {ty nlp ve he tt i ane a ee ed ne fenipbee IT 11€ [$], Ont ther tC eed beng mae trp p tne pen ah ay con to [$]ponwor [a= an carta a3 > oi = [2] > [3] rarnvool-[*7"] foray ©, cnn» pe ce Fn pues oho pot fC botanic es Poet pin fee ceo Shuman med abs Sta ai evsets 419013 [Bf] 42, ont er in de congaton Gs or coniere mpc on Standen cach repr 8 Now 1 fr oe upline ah wih enero Omen, wis wee othe msn matings rie et Covet nt ei cnn ny bmi conn ot $41 = [SP] pn of Cy Ths moe cats i eps ig thepistol Pj no he quer line anole te, We can ony to et of aes ong For N aon wil ay te mare pi is Cy Then, scr her son ny heer H coi at (858 $1) + 2+ [SP] pinot. Problem oe ht mong 9 3 202 mp of ee ale ot ternnn >and sts eos ann 1 beret seem ‘Stow tur] ==1 fine ntanmertne a eter N (en nf] = ict anymor) etwion (Sete) We may nse athe hen gsr oe (sce any unl ae may eee) and S 2 ne if again we may tipi llnmrby 1, whit se maybe eed) Lata este we gman em km OE Pe SEMAN ER wit 0x > Ole tat este conn tae atl of Treacle G ea ele ee pa ie tg gt spi po a irr iain ti inl ao commaian 8442 Ftp -noT MMAR MaraaucicasCon@ernon us evi, we shoe atime M +m 2n—fsae Mm A= m= nadie ‘Theme plo oiler some interval figs umber ste by hosing sone genie Fs tsa hem al ae by ng terre es ce by oe (in se pes or th ata ee sus ae cn nF. The ea is ek ee suns hy one in a comenleniy wed ier alter of hee mm eer hn de ‘ube fg coe in I hey pig ici ee wl tno em egal. Then diferent aun te ily ie nee) ‘eb Cal hen pri Laem Teron nce crete olan we wile or expt le stexpenry met nd pena cmp tere pa i tight hier dot in iret sie way. eo d= (9-1) ~(N +n adn tate, 6> 0. Cnr the ines = [-m +1, — 14) eamising 2s ~2 eget 0. ‘Assume tee xs penineger = 1. St wi, = an ty rec asongs, € Fm uf ponies hens nan re Iona 4 € 1 we ran uf egnes en ee l i rtn sp. once a < Oss dingy, +95 <1 + AD whe > Dams dingy (5 nj 31 Hever wee = 0, found eo, ‘Tecan a weed up whl esl N sm a fe on wot orn, we cone withthe ties ntl werechow = $< =? < an-2—m= M148. throne emer ey cane os 283 ae and Lemma pln Nomit-+m-¢20~2.whend> LWecimike = € Isak thestove wer Anumethontat Mim = 2-1 eee one men, il te hr when = 0. Rremaint seeker l ge nee ie king yh esmolol ot at ND DN “Than (2n— I) = fo" +s S > (Bn ZL (0 2) ene “pate note pe ln iy tn(an) a8) FL AF Oe > MS 2 — 1p (ob hmeS (n=) Doherie 2n = erm l) 3 Im > arom Bettie wecanche 9° aes M and A alte mined toreaizenzaosum nA + -(-m) = ‘Tere abs plese fr S == Leanna oun amplecimiing ov" =n negate ol 7+ and = nL pee eat No prt um ean p= 1) = Caen 209 > ‘she olyn—1 xh arava ‘nth es anor N= 2e~ uc canenitacomseresamge comity fm n— Danger egal nad 9 = 81 poses el 1 en = 1. Nop sami amine p(n 1) =a = Dean 30 > nw cniyn— Lach ae ale PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS [MATH STARS MATHEMATICAL COMPETITION Problem Sho foray elie eer ashore postive eer (4 VB = ve FT Settion Tou singles fells hat ere ext wo eqns (en) as poe integer uch at 4 VI = on ha sig casa weave (1 VB" = a,b Maliyng he mo reatos siel(-1)? =o 28, Heme de umber cand, weconscae pie ‘neers ta cv Veit vB Problom2. Oeming te oie ieepr hd for hi Seton nb ie is mate Let we ow a ta (nz) = (88.1 lhecly son rt quo =? = 1, Ree Ing guna (n= se opmsien > i Hees (see) (neo) Since (o¥/2—1,000 51) =2,0ahws a9? —1 = 2, whese sod ‘Theme hs mie sis een (easy) = (La). wheey © aries f= 1, weimnedely chin te amy of soe sve. Lt ann > Te Wy a8 then y+ Lit even, ene n= 1 (mad, ace mad. The, 2 = 278412 2d dle = impose fora > 1 fay erent Pen 1a (at Not onto d, Since od dyn, emer? PE a 1 ho ast bee 01 There. +1 = n+ Inpablefoen > Landy > 0 Problem Let ABC be angleand A,B,C betes bein from A, B.C Lt dy espcively dy tet omogon oeina fA; ono AB, repsly AC; pss By, By an, Ce defi an alg wy “wens B25 a C3Cs tat Ay ies Cy and aA me By ie the ies A ya BBs me tC. Show tthe nes Ay, BB, ad CC, Solon. The ptf ple pois, Aa Ba Br CaiCa me on ‘fat im ita ical ice quel A Ay cj ZAAedy = Ady Ay = 90 ~ ZAC = ZACB. ‘Theses en shat 0; plo BC, Soe qual B,C BAC; ‘ce, talons £ABCe = ZABjC;, tt ZAB\C, = ZABC see undated BOD.C, cpl Haase BSC, = ZABO. Nex we stow hat be guste As A Cy ese AB beng pall AB, we prove iho, Hence BANC = CBAC, dad ya pale @ BC. fubws ht AA 4g = ZABC. Tene, Ay As By = 180° 24a LigAsC = 1 = ZABC™ £BAC = ZACB Tas CAyAaBs = CACB, ans AC prtl © BC (pin. sy wih ie above flows it ACB = 8" ACB nec AAs + ZALCyB, = 190" 1th gue Ay AyBiC yee Next, me sow the unristelC3C By
2 arp lay ch spinach nay oe mah. Show tea coef he flowing sos (0) en part ca ease wih he aca 1, Wh est 2h doom ~ Lest nd et (2) en pap cane prion i600 A ih hat ey member of batch mba lui (D-Seran gph miss: bee compe ap of parca, wih age ote ie wit a er. I ther ox ayer ho wor Ro mache. wat ben by al abe (eeow eres) thn we can take a ea playtnd Aeretoe Sine) ‘ofl cme 2) Ofer, wecn stat fom sn ata vee an es th ich ting ne mut as ein out some ver. hs eating {cj Lat Tbe a ai lng pl I soa a eres, ee (a) seus tough he Hanne ele It and a vente exer © Pm oye somirte enon fhe ge 25. We mut be xp cahrvise me can build he ple 5c, loge a Sith ne ‘mus have 25 ferallé = 1.2m Me nen of te ae is. & Sra reoig Je, = 12m LL X bee et of ves ft tind an Y ht fhe ee of esd Kd X and Y snot Tesinutneonly copy, IX = wecinale d= f.B=¥. WY = Owe ‘amtae d= X and B = 1X and eth omg flows fr nya € X andy € V wehiveie onto of he ede ry. ctervite we bl tecjlezs ey npertan Then wecane A= X,B=TUY Gr A= XUT-B =¥), Obit stains (1) al email xs ‘ce ph ssying property (2) cs oman a Harionn ele m9 ge isoveted om ova Problem Show he eiuly exit afinenen JN wih fy.2). fal 2.9 8 foralle € 8a Wye) = aslo —na tory eR 9 > Salon Th son fe) = fms) fils he onions th ons, aed, 4g. Fo al pis (53) lr wich fly) # ale et chao ne (9p) sc a he oct po He Conon (2) ples = # yo wile conde (1) sows ws 0 suppose te seg fin 2p < 3. Sic zl — 20) < zo th iy codon tie Sl, 20,90 ~20).Daew (9 —#0)fen an) = webs) = so a0—20 = 0s 2.) contin, ‘ete th rough into one aus re) be. ooo ofthe ation Jeg eerie oe ‘Problem 6 Leshan n > 8 pi inte psn, oury ur nop nro of tem comedy wes By cing 1 wes that common oi ome ther a oie ‘i dasomneso somes alate). Sw Gatti eth 1 wie doe dace wa (2) eve te imi nue of wis ed Be ea in ee 19 sone sac with ot bce le Solan. (, St) Te ample gh Ky of eber m hs (3) es 1a: bea ube of ges wc, by eng ee dcomet Ko and et Imbeihe lest a he orden of he come impiety bane Then mie 1)/2-N mkm= 1/25 fo m)(e—m 1/2 dace > ml Sem > yi follow tat 8 3 n~ 1, wih espa) af he rien. mneonetsm > 2 thn 8 32 4. Anan reing eat ths valve is gen the fo 2) (02) oe hh connect fie pois ih he ‘en 2 Tussle pa (oft problem 1 poi Bing 0 ie AAs sh at AB, < AA ada point ying on he opment 4.8, Ges et ma). Siow tte sto the pole Co- Cas aa ge a te pref the ayn By Ba ‘Seton Te conhson iow by eed gltion of he owing emma, Le ABCD beacons penal inp Aan Dae it one tae sd of ne BC) ch hat AB = CD and ZABC = CBCD. TEE, A an be pg oh segs AB, BC an CD. su he loan sn mn oom br <<AK ¢ JAB, BM < }BC anlON < JOD. Yer te samen BM he KL+EN> KM MN, Pro Toot enn, cn he yma it ih pet he ie BC: The eens BC nd "wl eat oe Ph (a CP < HBC te gay lows a eo at he sie ao of ‘te wanes BAP aod ON"P ie gen 1. Tht, i es he Ino te ingle KEN hence E+ LN = KL-+EN" > KM IN = ewteby P(e perineoplygpa At spon of he eam, tothe pygmy Ag As ( = Cyn L = CoM = BN = O) PCAC Cs) 3 PUBS Cu) Sic plo ote lemme Pla Gus) 2 PBA Cues) > 3 PB BCn-Cuns) > B PUBy- Bash Problem Poet ny 207 oie ie aging vee Jd 2047 cna sti cleats a csc sa) (epee com Seon. es ahr se ome sort sore ebe Pad esl ne oad fi fr target leet aA} ef a6 A cn pose gr ms > wit te property hat 0) oe de foray dina, bee A ‘Weil sch serpent lll element ety ie cov ers ae amare ict, Let det by he mil ae fe ret een) x prope A wth lente flows “ei Ha ay an ae tet We tmempinn mise = ff patitcn fe 14 emf mi hat any tA with len ethan fm, ila be rope eo Hm) > 207 wl ie The ey iden oor slain a cone he (a9) 5 8 € A) A ‘eins prope thn alent eat at 69 g's re eg ne sos ie pry, 9069 al owe he (3) diet alae ‘wehweae wpe toon gy) oral € thn we mad ve 2 (N/R anos tee ht ete wl ex {pe one ding the ter™ Dat ne cant ave = gle) ae. fr lane, lies 2 a th 4 Fi! y nd iy, ney = ge), hee ranz/ecls9)- vaste a)) > S howe ale) man 9/8-< Me “The bone re te pve My 33 =I). Form = 27 lle My > 1109 > 2007 see of he ole eerily tf (Orb Question. Inpovethi rn by loneg ember 2 ace ‘bain se opr Pua won. Reig ot eon. we wl oe tat My > 15? — m1) = fn) form 3 Tes at (03) = 2905 > BOT te eet of {he robe emi 1 sao 7 (bt (1) = 1965 207 He amet onthe 131 12). ov sy € A fay) ays) opin, ed mone pe 1 1 Hat eat one fem a a 15 (ad ir al © ‘hen ey) & ats) /15 < M/S. andsinarrenoingae toe yl Ma 3 1m! ~~) = fm) Hohe rand tee pa ach oth ale han 5, a et on (ole t/a) willbe oi 863.5,7.9 = Lee Lh tus with pe pine, nd y = PB). Butte. foray hil leet ze ned ep dit (le ls) Wo ide gee) We thay bain a pope set B= (p58 © ACF 2) of Sic aimee par cn ee cy [2 ge ne ott nebo pees ee= demented here Mg > Pigs 3M INCOR, > nf) i) Now fn) © 3f(m —1) fem > 4 50 sage inductions My > In J), SM) ig Me > mln J) 90-9) fed k-< ma Mg > i) a) > mi) See = 1,8 som) fm — 1) SM) =m som) 3°?) 16) [As M3 Sim ~1) (ah oie int stv) fr m= 8 1M > TS. tut My & 15 forthe casas Cece My = 15. Sipe ‘ations an intacon show ha fm) < SPS = °F form 3 T ete My 2 18 re 1) = fr fern 37 [REARS Revesing he fom J) it demet toud by we etn > / MTG + 1, which under the coon of obem ys im > YTS + taco > 13, “Avhecssal st ht eget mentee 155 < 207 flows (Ms < 2007; temo song specs hat the ve esol ae Fr he sateen of he oem 6 (ete), babe nae owes fr ie ein dicen spa, by MDiv, ames ee and may ee poste sae th. Hore becomes Mg = fy which isin fr ‘ie probably also tue for m = 4,5 0 6 isin ener alse for m3 Ts the Takeo: ‘De. 16 56 m= hey = es = es = 2 (wh te een Is gest lone i 8 el 1 ea an = FF th ti PT por < PPD A8 1 < fC> TEP mT > 1S PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (CLOCK-TOWER SCHOOL SENIORS COMPETITION Problem 1. Poveth.foranym€ 8 n> 2h Dione guaton Lesdectateg? sini ny postive gerne wh <2) << P41, D2 Glen cacy) isin any sch son fr = 2 Manne» Buta ad unberp = 2-41 (-41)"— spf Ptaporean let (2 = Mes nwa (CIP HP =e 40 +1) (ern eF same eae (eH HEP, "Wi iif nducion ory ay of ons lng ey. one ge ly of ss Fr n+ 1 bingo, rowgh be simpe peering Za = ean = Aleraiv ston Cy oc chose ail fen eg < ec a sh a6 souonons shen ty bing ty = b> VIED es onepe Dead booth Be Ce, ‘ry ing the regeienen Problem 2, Le ABC bean neang wing ad eset be scl aiceumeie. Cte iting ta 0, ge (exer ay. Poin By sl tsa ari Wi epetelyC. Prove hates AA, BB, ad we concrete Solution. Dente Hay ebony ramarming it cer X), 1) age te Romy amie ty (bly fer), ae by Hon, he rey asm yi aby of em A). Sse Hoe = Hoy * Hager iow X, Asad Ay mole Probe 3 oe Canes coasinte pln eth ip, Sem (owingeensy}, foreery tegen, Ati ip cole twit ask, Prove mplae ny engl Ro sg ithe ps ac Ot veces Soon. Foray reese, bel Rs ees A B,C: the eligi ‘ecco, he eet ase he cota he sg at (ates aide of ao meer leni bet AB. pice the engl th side AD tip on oun line teen whe ck tip, an 0h ht (CA The ie BC wi ia sp wich. cle eames AD ‘heres wh fled opi ows gy herent te 1 apa iene ee, ‘Onecare hinted te sig meth esrb nth above aso us hse i clings rect eer by Lema inte oe ‘When bon sides pq me meg, ds (p,q) = dp = da ¢ = a, Se ‘is nc aque, pga din eg.» > ¢. Lemma 2 shows a oly fecal oe sing mati dete ithe hove he edi 2 Marve we eed bavi bodl sou > 3. Wlogaame AB = p ce the ovagl with a ound iets we nc ps, cttw ine ed Me igh 1 Dae sd down 4 ‘Thromb sce AB = p= ad > Sd > 24 Then 4,8 arth sc nd, Dasa te sme col, inti renal betwen te. Dae eco, eae see te cont. Dente ALY the projection of Bregetely Do We oun ie hoagh A 50 [BX =24 Tangles AAXB ant DY Aare imino DY? AB? = AX?AD? “Ton DY"p? = (9 — 40 yf DY = AVE =A. Bat VPA tol, hese DY 9 2 Then gly sing Roth yl menace calorag state ihe at 8) falar, and ee wore roaring a ite, ‘omgnur soup of pe Aelia he bps my be nse 8 eigen inte war oh spb, th he ari pte nde on Z (hein O tt stip Sp) and bec of be sip fies eng tivenby CG), Fr ei nd Vente by IV he eng of Van Ve Ieee won pot V 2. dete mapa sch hc eV) th wor ein os by relcing hcl in by i oppose he exeinw wor ft) * A 0) = 0) Clay = p= Lixo Phe pen fama cole Cor ae nee se pera, (SoS wih Shinar word wih S| == ‘Tees toot aif ny Moen ol ote ap iat apt ae te ppt yma rowdy be rma) = {HEL fora 2 na ths yk hed ea. Meroe, ou inten, one es tacks) = oC) fora ¢ Zana 2.3 Las 2 ie ctr Ct ior Bn gees hn it per a pera C = (S95) wh S a array word wit |S] = 4 = (9)(neta d= wp opr sme 0 €Z-Now ecg to a 1 8 asc) (+ ap) +) = APC ap) = MOC) “The colrig being uf foie, ave, arg Lem Ci) = lo). On ected i) = CV) = (C0). Then = Blo 1) (od) bec mt Silay, $mit eo, w+ o ms be old nce + hd) = MEO). foral Zandall a evans, Clery, gue of ies oan be ays pak sine ‘ovacobng if steming calor oso otis tips the gare wil ays hve a whit eri a aap ak Yonex wel Note emis? a pio eu npr ses. Problem 4 La on) Beare squncebving ngs Haack = fal rain 31 hove te seen pete, Slt (D. Saar) ice an ts+ey-1= fn Oe sequence cine tee one nob on ees anone -osie ‘Surin with wo comecute tems ang te rt, Be et, 2 rosie nd he ler yr om eave by olloing he ecurence ein one et priya eno Cee tas hy 2 (hen ory 2 20.29 —29 Eh Hane tnecny—nltentory 2 6 04822-9298 Comer string he opie deine amen es fades ener than 10, 4) si he saree x mic, oe ge te ame const Tht he ipa il be pv of opting ‘ely ob he eid ade Problem AsengeDispiotin(erethnoeecanles eig tes sides pull othe tle Di en tat ae pal 088 ott ses of Da having oman pois wih eine of Dilan ‘oma oit wi he ror af a ea one oe oan ete pan, Poe at thi prtion hei a ctl hatha no commons se Ther ge contain tne l prt ean ached tonto D at snl be car ht re st te oposite op peso Dy ects vig coon an Nowy singe) slits on ge hc aod pig esi D wot hv Ing comme pois wi he ro ay res oe pa, wih tendons poi, Problem 6 Given a item > 3 at isle by 3, sow ta bre i ditto ps meer a ante nach ae Sion Since nod sos vise yer m= 1 (a6 ce Stave 6). In efit ae = 6 +1 or some poste meyer a te bers = 3m tab (am m+ 1 ande= (dn +n 1) dhe Inthe sconce 82 (no) 0 hoe x nip > achat 42844291 p08 oad) witha € (01). a =o.ken(s" +1) = 1 or some ot positive eget eng Fn 1 = 3 ors pote ier andthePROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (CLOCK-TOWER SCHOOL JUNIORS COMPETITION te Tke pint Toney OB. The perenne Tonto OF ts he ord AB aC nl eile Dan E Det She erage OT ons te chit AB, Stow oa AS-BC=TE-TD, ie pot e:cefon he simiide of wages ACD and BEC). Nore, TO" =CS-CB daownreutinaigtseosonnge) AS-BC=(AC +05). BO CD-CB + cr* (rp-reyrp+0)+re!= 10 Problem. The din beds eesenationof ber? sab wi abe eis soni, Solio, Clea bareoen 0 4 ides +b +2, On te er nd, Scivids e+ ob 40%. 50 Sides? V7. Theta a = bot See 50°. Coneauenty5 | aand25| 9? + 0+. Then 10 |a2 Fab +e tesecont lanai sequence of per 1, bee a= 8 (ne 1, whence Odes 2 ‘Problem’ Prion tiene anal) ane Show athe of teleost er air othe ing ofthe rn asgult te enor sind of epee nes cxoca-Torr Senos mors COUPON a Slion Lt hy shy tele aderofhe ianotbe rn nde tet eer tad he pentane Leta, 0m tps 0 tetheconegondig des, Then ah = ark See, wha = 8. prove baa 0 Sata Sah Ghee Dooley Weea thee = 25 b= 28,625 (known re ohove Gryeer PP TES Flay tae Problem Letp ba rine and gan epi byp Povee ney wy ees ech au eg 1k Solin. Cea mus die 1 ~ kaa tetsabe = 1+ 98 wi €N ‘hen ght 1 = gig? = 9) 1 ee th ig vaso wh plate Wo Lod thn coment)" = [Anca este ayn Fem’ These spl ihe 12D sine we bne pt) = requseneet = 1(0 "hfe = (2) witb ¢€% wilFRIENDS OF THE IMO 2008 ROMANIAN TEAM SOFTWIN is a noteworthy example of a Romanian software and services company with extensive experience and great expertise in the education and train- ing field, particularly in developing intelligent content. solutions ~ such as the In-, tuitext(tm) interactive lessons ~ meant to improve quality and innovation of the teaching/learning process in the long run. SOFTWIN’s enduring sponsorship of Romanian students participating in the International Mathematics Olympiads is another way of supporting and encouraging excellence in the educational environ- ment in Romania. SOFITWIN ri learning! Since 2004 Medicover provides helth assistance to the members of the Ro- manian Team for the International Mathematical Olympiad. oon ~~ MEDICOVER “ou peor pian Volvo is more than a premium car brand. Volvo represents a life style, a way to report to human values. In this respect, Forum Auto, Volvo cars Importer in Romania, started the program “Volvo Romania-partner of young intelligence”, thus becoming sponsor of the Romanian Team for the InternationalMathematical Olympiad. VOLVO WBS, sole supplier of full brokerage services on international stock markets for Romanian clients, was established by a former member of the Romanian Math Olympiad team. At WBS we strongly believe that education is the best investment and are therefore proud to support the top Math students of the country. WE TAKE STOCK IN THE FUTURE WES: ISBN-978-973-0-05781-2

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