SUMMARIZING performance of local services (Folz, 2004; Ammons,

2001). Once the practice of a particular city is

This skill is for determining important ideas by including the benchmarked, it can be a guidepost and the basis for
gist or main idea, useful information, and keywords or the other counterparts to improve its own.
phrases.

Original Passage 2. Author Heading

The citation comes before the summarized idea. A
What is plagiarism? In minor cases, it can be the quotation of fitting reporting verb is used to connect the name/s
a sentence or two, without a citation (e.g. footnote) to the of the author/s.
author. In the most serious cases, significant fraction of the
The considerable number of users of FB has led
entire work was written by someone else but the plagiarist educators to utilize FB for communicating with their
removed the author(s), name(s) and substituted his/her name, students (Grant, 2008; as cited In Donmus, 2010). The
perhaps did some re-formatting of the text, then submitted study of Kaliban, Ahmad, and Abidin (2010) shows
the word for credit in a class (e.g., term paper or essay), as part that the students perceived FB as an online
of the requirements for a degree (e.g., thesis or dissertation), environment to expedite language learning
or as part of a published article or book. specifically English. Donmus (2010) asserts that
educational games on FB fecundate learning process
Reference: and make students' learning environment more
Standler, R. B. (2012). Plagiarism in colleges in USA: Legal engaging. As regards literacy, this notion reveals that
aspects of plagiarism, academic policy. Retrieved from FB could be used as a tool to aid individuals execute a
http://www.rbs2.com/plag.pdf, p.5. range of social acts through social Literacy
implementation (ibid). Blackstone and Hardwood
Summary (2012) suggest the facilitative strength of FB as it
Plagiarism can be defined as using ideas, data, or any relevant elicits greater engagement on collaboration among
information of another without giving proper credit or students.
acknowledgement (Standler, 2012).
3. Date Heading
Guidelines in Summarizing The published date of the text comes before the
summarized idea.
1. Clarify purpose before reading.
2. Read the text and understand the meaning. On the other hand, active participation of the citizens
3. Annotate the text. in development contributes to a sound and
4. Write key ideas or points either in bullet form or in reasonable government decisions. In their 2004 study
outline form. on the impact of participatory development
5. Without looking at the text, identify the connections approach, Irvin and Stansbury argue that
of these key ideas and phrases using a concept map. participation can be valuable to the participants and
6. List your ideas in sentence form in a concept map. the government in terms of the process and
7. Combine the sentences into a paragraph. Use outcomes of decision making.
appropriate transitional devices to improve cohesion.
8. Ensure that you do not copy a single sentence from List of Frequently used Reporting Verbs (Hyland, 1999)
the original text.
9. Refrain from adding comments about the text. 1. Biology (describe, fined, show, report, suggest,
10. Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating observe)
redundant ideas. 2. Marketing (suggest, argue, find, demonstrate,
11. Compare your output with the original text to ensure propose, show)
accuracy. 3. Linguistics (suggest, argue, show, explain, find, point
12. Record the details of the original source (author's out)
name/s, date of publication, title, publisher, place of 4. Sociology (argue, suggest, describe, note, analyze,
publishing, and URL [if online]). discuss)
13. Format your summary properly. 5. Philosophy (say, suggest, describe, claim, point out,
Three Formats hold, think)
6. Overall (suggest, argue, find, show, describe,
1. Idea Heading propose, report)
The citation comes after the summarized idea.

Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has the

potential to help public officials improve the

Reference
Barrot, J., & Sipacio, P. J. (2016). Communicate today: English for Academic and Professional Purposes for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.