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i. To apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve

problems;

ii. To improve thinking skills;

iii. To promote effective mathematical communication;

iv. To develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving in a

way that increases studentsǯ interest and confidence;

v. To use the language of mathematic s to express mathematical ideas

precisely;

vi. To provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances

effective learning;

vii. To develop positive attitude towards mathematics.

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uome scholars pinpoint the origin of statistics to 1663, with the publication
of a
   


  

 

  


 by John
Graunt.[10] Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the
needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic data, h ence
its 

 etymology. The scope of the discipline of statistics broadened in the
early 19th century to include the collection and analysis of data in general.
Today, statistics is widely employed in government, business, and the
natural and social sciences.
Its mathematical foundations were laid in the 17th century with the
development of probability theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat.
Probability theory arose from the study of games of chance. The method of
least squares was first described by Carl Friedrich Gauss around 1794. The
use of modern computers has expedited large-scale statistical computation,
and has also made possible new methods that are impractical to perform
manually.

utatistics is considered by some to be a mathematical science pertaining to

the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation
of data,[4] while others consider it to be a branch
ofmathematics[5] concerned with collecting and
interpreting data.[6] Because of its empirical roots and its focus on
applications, statistics is usually considered to be a distinct mathematical
science rather than a branch of mathematics. [7][8]
utatisticians improve the quality of data with the design of
experiments and survey sampling. utatistics also provides tools for
prediction and forecasting using data and statistical models. utatistics is
applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines,
including natural and social sciences, government, and business.
utatistical methods can be used to summarize or describe a collection of
data; this is called 







. This is useful in research, when
communicating the results of experiments. In addition, patterns in the data
may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in
the observations, and are then used to draw inferences about the process
or population being studied; this is called







. Inference is a
vital element of scientific advance, since it provides a prediction (based in
data) for where a theory logically leads. To further prove the guiding
theory, these predictions are tested as well, as part of the scientific method.
If the inference holds true, then the descriptive statistics of the new data
increase the soundness of that hypothesis. Descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics (a.k.a., predictive statistics) together comprise 






.[9]

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The prices of goods sold in shops vary from one shop to
another. uhoppers tend to buy goods which are not only reasonably priced
but also give value for their money.
You are required to carry out a survey on four different items based on the
following categories i.e. food, detergent and stationery. The survey should
be done in three different shops.

QUEuTION

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