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Discovering Computers 2011: Living in A Digital World

The document discusses the major internal components of a computer system unit. It describes the processor, motherboard, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, bays, and power supply. The processor interprets and executes instructions using a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. The motherboard contains the processor and memory. RAM and ROM are the main types of memory. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to add functionality. Ports and connectors allow connection to external devices. Buses provide communication between components. Bays hold additional equipment like disk drives. The power supply provides electricity to power all components.

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Aqib Khakhi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in A Digital World

The document discusses the major internal components of a computer system unit. It describes the processor, motherboard, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, bays, and power supply. The processor interprets and executes instructions using a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. The motherboard contains the processor and memory. RAM and ROM are the main types of memory. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to add functionality. Ports and connectors allow connection to external devices. Buses provide communication between components. Bays hold additional equipment like disk drives. The power supply provides electricity to power all components.

Uploaded by

Aqib Khakhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discovering

Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Objectives Overview
The System Unit

• The system unit is a case that contains electronic


components of the computer used to process data
The System Unit

• The inside of the system unit on a desktop


personal computer includes:
The System Unit

• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the


system unit
- A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Processor

• The processor, also called the central processing


unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
- Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Processor
Processor

• The control unit is the component of the


processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Processor

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of


four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle
Processor

• Most current personal


computers support
pipelining
- Processor begins
fetching a second
instruction before it
completes the machine
cycle for the first
instruction
Processor
Processor

• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are
Intel and AMD
Processor

• Determine how you plan to use a new computer


before selecting a processor
Processor

• A processor chip
generates heat that
could cause the chip to
burn up
• Require additional
cooling
- Heat sinks
- Liquid cooling
technology
Processor

• Parallel processing uses multiple processors


simultaneously to execute a single program or task
- Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands
of processors
Data Representation
Data Representation
A computer circuit represents Eight bits grouped together as a
the 0 or the 1 electronically by unit are called a byte. A byte
the presence or absence of an represents a single character in
electrical charge the computer
Data Representation

• ASCII (American
Standard Code for
Information
Interchange) is the
most widely used
coding scheme to
represent data
Data Representation
Memory

• Memory consists of electronic components that


store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions,
and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Memory

• Each location in memory has an address


• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
(TB)
Memory

• The system unit contains two types of memory:


Memory
Memory

• Three basic types of RAM chips exist:


Memory

• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module


and are inserted into memory slots
Memory

• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer


often depends on the types of software you plan
to use
Memory

• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer


because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory
Memory

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and


rewritten
- CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power
Memory

• Access time is the amount of time it takes the


processor to read from memory
- Measured in nanoseconds
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard
that can hold an adapter
card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
- Sound card and video card
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically


can configure adapter cards and other peripherals
as you install them
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• Removable flash memory includes:


- Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
Cards/ExpressCard modules
Ports and Connectors
Ports and Connectors
Ports and Connectors

• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the


back, front, and/or sides
Ports and Connectors
Ports and Connectors

• A USB port can connect up to 127 different


peripherals together with a single connector
- You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port with a USB hub
Ports and Connectors

• Other types of ports include:


Ports and Connectors
A Bluetooth wireless port A smart phone might
adapter converts a USB port into communicate with a notebook
a Bluetooth port computer using an IrDA port
Ports and Connectors

• A port replicator is an
external device that
provides connections to
peripherals through ports
built into the device
• A docking station is an
external device that
attaches to a mobile
computer or device
Buses

• A bus allows the various


devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
- Data bus
- Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time
Buses

• Expansion slots connect to expansion buses


• Common types of expansion buses include:
Bays

• A bay is an opening
inside the system unit
in which you can install
additional equipment
- A drive bay typically
holds disk drives
Power Supply
Putting It All Together
Putting It All Together
Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean
Video: The Leopard with a Time Machine

CLICK TO START
Summary
Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World

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