UNIT # 08

AREA UNDER THE CURVE AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

AREA UNDER THE CURVE

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

e
2 A = –1, B = 0, C = 4
3. A =  (  n x   n x)dx
1
required curve is y = –x2 + 4
on solving it by parts we get 0 1 e
2

e required area = area of OAB –  (  x 2  4)dx

e 2
A = 3x(  n x  1) 1  x(  n x) = 3 – e 0
1
1 (1, 5)
8. y' = e–x – xe–x = e–x (1 – x) 3 y=5
15. A =  (5  3x  2x) dx
0
y" = –e–x – e–x (1 – x)  – e–x (2 – x) = 0  x = 2
(5, 1)
so point of inflection is x = 2 13
=
2 4 0 x= 5
x
A =  xe dx
0
0 2 a/2
= 1 – 3e –2 ax x
17. S =  (e  e )dx
0
10. y = ± x 1  x2
= – [2ea/2 – (ea + 1)]
1
2
A = 4  x 1  x dx 2
0 e a  2e a / 2  1  ea / 2  1 1 1
–1 1 Now lim = lim  a/2  =
1 a 0 a2 a 0   4 4
(1  x 2 ) 3 / 2 4
= –2 3/2 =
0
3
20. The two curves meet at
14. Given curve is
mx = x – x2 or x2 = x(1 – m)  x = 0, 1 – m
y = ƒ (x) = Ax2 + Bx + C ........(i)
1 m
It passes through (1, 3) 1 m 1 m  x2 x 3 
 (y1  y 2 )dx   (x  x 2  mx)dx  (1  m)  
 2 3 
 3 = A + B + C .........(ii) 0 0 0

point (2, 0) also lie on curve

9
 0 = 4A + 2B + C ........(iii) = if m < 1
2
B
1 1  9
or (1 – m)3    = or (1–m)3 = 27
2 3  2
m=–2
4
But if m > 1 then 1 – m is negative, then
A
0
–2 O 2  x2 x3  9
(1  m )   =
 2 3 1  m 2
dy
from (i)  4A  B
dx (2,0)
1 1 9
slope of tangent is –4 – (1 – m)3    =
2 3 2
 –4 = 4A + B .........(iv)
 (ii) (iii) & (iv) we get  – (1 – m)3 = –27 or 1 –m = –3  m = 4.
EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS
3. nf'(x) = x + c  f'(x) = kex
1
  1 1,1
 f'(x) = ex {f'(0) = 1  k = 1} 9. 2 =  1 =  1  2x  dx 2
 f(x) = ex +  1/2    1 1, 1
2
 f(x) = ex – 1 {f(0) = 0  = – 1}
1 1
1 = – n 2 2
x 2 2
A =  (e  1  1) dx = e – 1
0
A = 4 – (1 + 2) = 4 – (1 – n 2) = 3 + n 2
6. x + y2 +6(x + y) + 2  0
2
1
& x2 – y2 +6(x – y)  0 (–3,–3) 11. A = 2  [ y 1  y 2  ( y 2  1 )] dy
 (x – y) (x + y + 6)  0 0

1 1
from this we get a circle is two 2  2y3 
straight line which are at right angle = (1  y 2 )3 / 2 –   2y  = 2
3 0  3 0
r 2
area = 2 quarter half circle = 12. Equation of tangent is y – 1 + 2 = –2(x – )
2
2a  1  2 
2a
x 1   x2 1  a2 1 so P  ,0  & Q(0, 2 + 1)
7. A =   6  2  dx   12  x   4  2a  2 
a x  a
1 (2  1)2
a2 1 area of OPQ() =
Now f(a) = + 2 2
4 2a
1 1 Q
a 1 = [3 + 2 + ]
 f'(a) = – 4 
2 2a 2
1 1
f'(a) = 0  a = 1 ' = [32 + 2 – 2 ] = 0 O P
4 
f"(a) > 0 so at a = 1, f(a) is minimum
y 1
 34 + 22 – 1 = 0 =
1 1
3
4
8. A= +   x 2 dx 4
3 3
1/ 3 so  =
3 3
0 1 1 x
4 1
3 2
Now = k  (1  x ) dx
1
3 3 0
1 x 4 2  x 3 
= +  x 2  sin 1   4 2k
3  2 3 3  2   1/ 3
 =
3 3 3
1  1 1  2     3 3   2
= +        =
3  2 3 2 3  3  3 6   9  k=
3

EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

Assertion & Reason :
 k2  k2  5   1
 = k 2  20      5  = (k 2 + 20) 3/2
2. A =
2
 (kx  2  x  3)dx  2  3   6


(0,2) y=kx+2 Hence statement I is true & II is false.


 kx 2 3
x Comprehension : # 1
=  2  3  5 x  
 
a
 1 1  1
Now   4(x  1)  2
dx 
 k(   ) 1  2 x  a
=   ((   )2  )  5  ( – )
 2 3 
 a = e2 + 1
 2
y 1 1 1
   n(x  1)    1 
y
1 4 x b b
1 4(x  1)
y  – n (b – 1) = 2  b = 1 + e–2
x2

x a  e2  1 
1 1. n   =n  = 2
 b  1  e 2 
2. |A| = n (a – 1) n (b – 1) = – 4
1  2 0 A
A–1 = 0 =
4  2  4
2
 1 1  1 3. z = 2 – 2i
Also   4(x  1)  2
dx  1 
b x  b 3 
arg (z) =
4

EXERCISE - 04[A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

4. Let equation of line is y = mx – 4m 1

4
8. A =  (sin x   n x) dx
0
D 11
=
C 8
1/3 2/3 1
A B 12. A = 2 2
x=2 x=4
 (x  1) dx +  2x(1  x)dx   x dx
0 1/ 3 2/3
y
4
4  4 x  4 2

A =  2 sin xdx =   2 cos  = ... (i)
2 4   4 2 

1
Also area of ABC = .2.(–2m1) = – 2m1 ... (ii)
2 x
0 1
from (i) and (ii)

4 2 2 2 a 2  ax  (x 2  2ax  3a 2 )
2a
–2m1 =  m1 =
3 3 15. A =  dx
a 1  a4
2 2 2 2 3 a3
 tan ( – 1) =  – 1 = tan–1 =
3 3 2 1  a4
2 2 1 8 2 3 a3
 1 =  – tan–1 or .(2) (– 2m2) = Now f(a) =
3 2 3 2 1  a4

4 2 4 2  f'(a) = 0
 m2 =  tan( – 2) =
3 3  (1 + a4) 3a2 – a3 4a3 = 0
4 2  amin = 0, amax = 31/4
 2 =  – tan–1
3 
1 17. A  4  [x  sin x  x)]dx
1
5.  =  (x 3  x)dx  0
0 4
x
 1  1  sin
Area = + + – = x+
4 4 4 4 2  inx
x–s
 1
4
 4
required ratio = 
  1
4 4
EXERCISE - 04[B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

2. According to question 6. f(x + 1) = f(x) + 2x + 1

a2 a
x2   f"(x + 1) = f"(x)  xR
1 2
 (  f (y)  y ) dy =   x  2  dx Let f"(x) = a  f'(x) = ax + b
0 0 

a2 ax 2
 [f–1 (a2) – a] 2a = –  f(x) = + bx + c
2 2
3a C2 c =1 [ f(0) = 1]
 f–1 (a2) = C
4

,a2
)
C1 Now f(x + 1) – f(x) = 2x + 1

P (a
 3a 
 f   = a2
4
a 2   ax 2 
16 2   (x  1)  b(x  1)  c  –   bx  c  =2x+1
2   2 
or f(x) = x
9
/4 a
n  ax + + b = 2x + 1
3. An =  (tan x) dx 2 P(1,1)
0
on comparing we get a = 2,
/4
n n 2
An + A n – 2 =  (tan x)  (tan x) dx or
a
+ b = 1 b = 0
0
2
1
/4  t n 1  1  f(x) = x2 + 1 ... (i)
n 2 2
=  (tan x) sec x dx =   =
0  n  1 0 n 1 Now let equation of tangent be y = mx ... (ii)
Also An + 2 < An < An – 2 from (i) and (ii)
1 1 x2 – mx + 1 = 0  m = ± 2
 < 2An <
n 1 n 1
 tangent are y = 2x or y = –2x
4. Distance of point P(h, k)
y=1
1
2 2
P from origin is A = 2  (x  1  2x)dx =
0 3
less then distance
8. Curve y = a – bx2 passes through the point (2, 1)
of P from y = 1
 a – 4b = 1
h2  k2 < k – 1 ; h2  k2 < – k – 1 a/b
2 2 2 2 2 2
a/b
2
 bx 3 
 x + y < (y – 1) ; x + y < y + 2y + 1 A = 2  (a  bx )dx  2  ax  
0  3 
0
 1  1
 x2 < – 2  y   ; x2 < 2  y  
2 2
4 a3 / 2 4 (1  4b)
3/2

 1  1 = =
3 b 3 b
similarly y2 < – 2  x   ; y2 < 2  x  
 2  2
2 1  4b (8b  1) 1
x2  1 x2  1 A' = 3/2  A' = 0  b =
y = or y = x = 3 b 8
2 2

 x2 + 2x – 1 = 0  x = –1 ±  A = 4 3 sq. units
2

1  x2
2 1    x 2  ax  b ; x  1
A =8    2  1 dx  4( 2  1)2 
10. ƒ(x) =  2x ; 1  x  1
 2
0  
 2
 x  ax  b ; x 1
16 2  20
=  ƒ(x) is continuous at x = –1 and x = 1
3
  (–1)2 + a(–1) + b = –2

)
ƒ( x
 1 1

y=
y
and 2 = (1)2 + a. 1 + b and   ,  

x
 8 4

y= 2
i.e., a – b = 3 The required area is the
1
x –2 –1
x
O
and a + b = 1 shaded region in the
on solving we get a = 2, b = –1 figure. x=–2y
2

 Required area
 x 2  2x  1 ; x  1 x=–1/8

2x ; 1  x  1 1 / 8  
 ƒ(x) = 
1   x
x 2
 2 =  2  (x  2x  1)  dx +   2  2x dx
 x  2x  1 ; x 1 
2   1   
Given curves are 1
 1 2(  x) 3 / 2 x 3 
2
y = ƒ(x), x = –2y and 8x + 1 = 0 =   x2  x 
 2 3 3  2
solving x = –2y2, y = x2 + 2x – 1 (x < –1) we get
1 / 8
x = –2.  1 2(  x) 3 / 2  257
+   x2  = square units
2
Also y = 2x, x = –2y meet at (0, 0)  2 3  1 192

EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

dy y2  x2 dy dv  x 
1. = Put y = vx  =V+x log(y – 1) = log   + logC
dx 2xy dx dx
 x 1 
dv v2 x2  x2 v2  1 cx
v + x = = or y –1 = ..... (i)
dx 2x.vx 2v x 1
xdv v2  1 Equation (i) passes through (1, 0)
or = –v
dx 2v
C
–1 = C = –2 Put in (i)
dv –v 2  1 2v dv dx 2
x
dx
=
2v
or – 
1  v2
= x
2x
(y – 1) = (y – 1) (x + 1) + 2x = 0
2
–log(1 + v ) = logx + c x 1
4. Equation of given parabola is y2 = Ax + B where A
logx + log(1 + v2) = logc
and B are parameters
 y2   x2  y2  dy d2 y  dy 
2
logx.  1  2  = logc or x 2  =c 2y = A y 2 +   = 0
 x   x  dx dx  dx 
x2  y2 This is the equation of given parabola order = 2,
=c or x2 + y2 = cx
x degree 1

2. y = ecx –1y dy dx –1
5. (1 + y2) = (etan – x) or (1+ y2) +x + etan y
dx dy
logy = cx ..... (i)
1
dx x e tan y
 + =
y' = c y' = cy dy 1y 2
(1  y 2 )
y dy
 2 1
Now I.F. = e 1  y = e tan y
y' y'
c = put in equation (i) logy = .x
y y 1
tan 1 y e tan y tan 1 y
solution x(e ) =  e dy + C
or y log y = xy' 1  y2
1 y
dy y 1 dx 1 y e 2 tan
dy xe tan = +C
3. Given
dx
=
x(x  1)
or  y 1 =  x(x  1) 2
1 y 1 y
or 2xe tan = e 2 tan + K
6. Given family of curves is 11. Let the centre of circle is (h, 0) and radius will be
x2 + y2 – 2ay = 0 ..... (1) also h
2x + 2yy' – 2ay' = 0 ..... (2)   equation of circle (x – h)2 + (y – 0)2 = h2
Now put the value of 2a from (1) to in (2)
  x2 – 2hx + h2 + y2 = h2
x2  y2
2x + 2yy' – . y' = 0   x2 – 2hx + y2 = 0 ..... (i)
y
2xy + (y2 – x2)y' = 0 or (x2 – y2)y' = 2xy Equation (i) passes through origin differentiating it
7. 2
ydx + (x + x y)dy = 0 ydx + xdy = –x 2y dy w.r.t. x
d(xy ) dy 1 dy dy
 (xy ) 2
= –  y
 –
xy
= –logy + c 2x–2h+2y
dx
=0 h = x+ y
dx
put in equation (i)

–1  dy 
 + logy = c x2 – 2x  x  y + y2 = 0
xy  dx 
8. y2 = 2c(x + c ) ..... (1)
dy
y2 = 2cx + 2c c  y2 = x2 + 2xy
dx
dy
2y = 2c  yy1 = C Put in equation(1) dy y dy dv
dx 12. =1 + put y = vx, =v +x
dx x dx dx
 y2 = 2yy1(x + yy 1 )
dv vx dv
y2 = –2yy1x = 2yy1 yy 1 or (y2 – 2yy1x)2 = 4y 3 y 13 v+ x =1 +  x = 1
dx x dx
Degree = 3 order = 1 dx y
dy y  y   dv =  x  v = logx + c or x = logx+c ... (i)
9. =  log  1  which is homogeneous equ.
dx x  x  Given y(1) = 1  1 = log1 + c  c = 1 put (i)
dy xdv y = xnx + x
Put y = vx, =v +
dx dx 13. Equation of circle (x – h)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25 .....(i)
dv vx  vx  Differentiate w.r.t. x
v + x =  log x  1 
dx x   dy
2(x – h) + 2(y – 2) = 0
dx
xdv
= v(logv + 1) – v = vlogv + v – v dy
dx (x – h) = – (y – 2) put in (i)
dx
dv dx
 v log v =  x
 log(logv) = logx + logc
 dy 
2

(y – 2)   + (y – 2)2 = 25
2

y  dx 
 log = cx
x
10. Given Ax + By2 = 1
2
Divide by B or (y – 2)2 (y')2 + (y – 2)2 = 25
A 2 1 14. Given y = ƒ(x)
x + y2 = Differentiate w.r.t x
B B Tangent at point P(x, y)
A dy
2x + 2y = 0 ..... (i)  dy 
B dx (X  x)
Y – y =  dx 
Again Differentiate w.r.t. x ( x,y )

A  d 2 y  dy 2 
2 + 2 y 2     = 0 ..... (ii) dy
B  dx  dx   Now y–intercept  Y = y – x
dx
 d 2 y  dy 2 
A
Put = –  y dx 2   dx   in equation (i) Given that, y – x
dy
= x
3
B    
dx
2
 d2 y   dy 
dy
–2x  y 2  
 + 2y = 0 dy y 2
 dx   – = –x is a linear differential equation
 dx  dx dx x
2
d2 y  dy  dy
or xy 2 + x   – y =0 1 1
n   1
dx
with I.F. = e 
 dx
dx dx
  x = e
–nx
= e
 x

x
It have second order and first degree.
 y 1 15. y= x A(9,3)
  x 2 . dx  C
x 
Hence, solution is
x
x–3
y x2 y= 2
or  C
x 2 O C(3,0) B(9,0)
Given ƒ(1) = 1

3 x 3
Substituing we get, C = intersection point x 
2 2
 x – 2 x – 3 = 0
x3 3
so y =   x
2 2 x = 3, – 1  x = 9
9
27 9
Now ƒ(–3) =  = 9 Required Area =  x 1 / 2 dx – area of ABC
2 2
0

9
2 3/2 1
= x  .6.3 =18 – 9 = 9
3 0 2
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
3. The given curves are y = x2 Let ƒ(x) = px2 + qx + r [ƒ(x) being a quad. equation]
which is an upward parabola with vertex at (0, 0) 3 3
2
ƒ(–1) =  p – q + r =
y = |2 – x | 4 4
2  x 2 if  2x 2 3 3
or y =  2 ƒ(1) =  p + q + r =
 x  2 if x   2 or x  2 4 4
ƒ(2) = 0  4p + 2q + r = 0
or x2 = –(y – 2); – 2 < x < 2 ... (2)
1
Solving the above we get q = 0, p = , r = 1
a downward parabola with vertex at (0, 2) 4
x2 = y + 2 ; x < – 2 , x > ... (3) 1 2
2  ƒ(x) = – x + 1
4
On upward parabola with vertex at (0, –2) It's maximum value occur at ƒ'(x) = 0
y = 2 ... (4) i.e., x = 0 then ƒ(x) = 1  V(0, 1)
Straight line parallel to x-axis A (–2, 0) is the pt. where curve meet x-axis
x = 1 ... (5)  4  h2 
Straight line parallel to y-axis Let B be the pt.  h, 4 
 
The graph of these curves is as follows.
As AVB = 90°
2
y mAV × m BV = –1
x =y+2 x =y
2

1  h 
2
   1
x =y–2
2 D C y=2
2  4 
 h = 8  B(8, – 15)
x' x Equation of chord AB is
O 1 B
0  ( 15 )
y + 15 = (x – 8)
y' 2  8
 3x + 2y + 6 = 0 v(0,1)
 Required area = BCDEB
Required area is
x
the area of shadded (–2,0)A
2 2
2 2 2
=  [x  (2  x )dx   [2  (x  2)]dx B(8, –15)
1 2 region given by
2 2
 20  8  x 2   6  3x  
=  (2x 2  2)dx   (4  x 2 )dx =   4 2  sq. units =    4  1      dx
 3  2    2  
1 2 
 4a 2 4a 1   ƒ( 1)  3a 2  3a  125
 2     = sq. units.
8. We have, 4b 4b 1   ƒ(1)  = 3b 2  3b  3
 2    9. ( c ) By inspection, the point of intersection of two
 4c 4c 1   ƒ(2)   3c 2  3c 
  curves y = 3x – 1 log x and y = xx – 1 is (1, 0)
 4a2ƒ(–1) + 4aƒ(1) + ƒ(2) = 3a2 + 3a dy 3 x 1
4b2ƒ(–1) + 4bƒ(1) + ƒ(2) = 3b 2 + 3b For first curve = + 3x – 1 log 3 log x
dx x
4c2ƒ(–1) + 4cƒ(1) + ƒ(2) = 3c2 + 3c
 dy 
Consider the equation    = 1 = m1
 dx  (1,0)
4x2ƒ(–1) + 4xƒ(1) + ƒ(2) = 3x2 + 3x
or [4ƒ(–1) -3]x2 + [4ƒ(1) – 3] x + ƒ(2) = 0 dy
For second curve = xx (1 + log x)
Then clearly this equation is satisfied by dx
x = a, b, c
 dy 
A quadratic equation satisfied by more than two    = 1 = m2
 dx  (1,0)
values of x means it is an identity and hence
4ƒ(–1) – 3 = 0  ƒ(–1) = 3/4  m1 = m2  two curves touch each other
4ƒ(1) – 3 = 0  ƒ(1) = 3/4  angle between them is 0°
ƒ(2) = 0  ƒ(2) = 0  cos  = 1
10. y 3 – 3y + x = 0 e
C B
1 14. A=  ln y dy y= e
3y 2y' – 3y' + 1 = 0 y' = 3(y 2  1) 1

Apply
D y= 1
f(–10 2 ) = 2 2
e
1 1
f'(–10 2 ) = – 3(7) = –
21
=  ln(e  l  y )dy
1
O A

x= 0 x= 1
6y(y') 2 + 3y 2y" – 3y" = 0 A = ar (OABC) – ar (OABD)
2y(y ') 2
y" = – e
y2  1 x
=e– e
1
dx .

2(2 2 ) 4 2 15.  f'(x) = 2 + 6x + 12x > 0  x  R

2
f"(–10 2 ) = =
441  7 7332  f(x) is strictly increasing in R
b b
 1 1  3 1
11.  f(x)dx = [xf(x)]ba –  xf '(x)dx  f(0) = 1, f(–1) = –2, f     & f    
a a  2 4  4 2
b
= bf(b) – af(a) +
x
dx  f(x) = 0 has only one real root lying in   3 ,  1 
 3  (f(x))
a
2
 1  4 2
b
x y=f(x)
=  3  (f(x)) dx + bf(b) – af(a) 16. y
a
2
 1
1

12.  g '(x)dx = g(1) – g(–1)

1

–3/4 
Now g(1) = – (g(–1)) x
 O 1/2 3/4
(as g'(x) is an even function)
1 Let real root is –
so  g '(x)dx = 2g(1) = –2g(–1)  t = |s| = 
1
Required area
/4
 1  sin x 1  sin x   1/2 3/4
13. Area = 
0
 cos x 
 cos x 
dx A =  f(x)dx &  f(x)dx  A   f(x)dx
0 0 0
1/2 3/4 3/4
 x x  x x  x  x2  x3  x 4 0  A  x  x2  x3  x4
0
 4x 0
 / 4  cos  sin    cos  sin 
 2 2   2 2 15
=  dx A 3
x x 
0
cos 2  sin 2 16
2 2 17. y
f'(x)
x x
/4 2 sin /4 2 tan
2 dx =  2
=  x x
dx 2
2 x
0
cos 2  sin 2 0
1  tan
2 2 2 HG  4 , 4KJ
1 5

x
x  O 
Let tan = t
2
2
f'(x) = 2 (6x + 3x + 1)
x 2dt
sec 2 dx= 2dt  dx=
2 (1  t 2 ) 1
 f'(x) is decreasing in  ,   increasing
2 1
 4
4t
 Area =  dt  1 
0 (1  t ) 1  t 2
2
in   ,  
 4 
  1  
or f'(x) is decreasing in   t,   and increasing 19. y = sinx + cosx = 2 sin  x  
 4  4
 1 
in   , t  2
 4  1
1
18. (a)  R 1 –R 2 =
4 /4 /2
y
   
y  cos x  sin x  2  cos  x   
  4 
Area
R1 RR / 4
2 2
x
0 x=b (1,0)    sin x  cos x    cos x  sin x  dx
0
b 1
2 2 1
 0 (1  x) dx  b (1  x) dx  4 / 2
   sin x  cos x    sin x  cos x  dx
/ 4
b 1
 (1  x) 3   (1  x) 3  1
      / 4 /2

 3 0  3  b 4   2 sin xdx   2 cos xdx

0 / 4
 (1  b) 3 1  (1  b) 3 1
     / 4 / 2
 3 3 3 4  2 cos x 0  2 sin x  / 4


1 
 (1  b) 3 
1

2
3
(1  b) 3 
1
12
2 2  2 1 
3 3 4
3 1 1
 (1 – b) =  1 – b =
8 2
1
 b
2
2 2
(b ) R 2   ƒ(x)dx , R1 
1
 x ƒ(x)dx
1

2 b b
 
  (1  x)ƒ(1  x)dx   ƒ(x)dx   ƒ(a  b  x)dx 
1  a a 
2
=  (1  x)ƒ(x)dx (given ƒ(x) = ƒ(1 – x))
1

2 2
  ƒ(x)dx  1 x ƒ(x)dx
1

or R1 = R2 – R1  2R 1 = R 2