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Handout On Problem of Urbanisation by Mr. Raj Kumar

Urbanization in India has led to serious socio-economic problems despite the country being one of the least urbanized, with only 31.16% of the population living in urban areas. The rapid and unplanned growth of urban populations has overwhelmed infrastructure and public utilities, causing issues like urban sprawl, overcrowding, a shortage of housing, unemployment, proliferation of slums, traffic congestion, shortages of water supply and sewage facilities, improper trash disposal, increased urban crime, and pollution from industries and vehicles. Addressing the inadequate expansion of infrastructure to match rising urban populations is key to solving the major problems faced by Indian cities.

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68 views

Handout On Problem of Urbanisation by Mr. Raj Kumar

Urbanization in India has led to serious socio-economic problems despite the country being one of the least urbanized, with only 31.16% of the population living in urban areas. The rapid and unplanned growth of urban populations has overwhelmed infrastructure and public utilities, causing issues like urban sprawl, overcrowding, a shortage of housing, unemployment, proliferation of slums, traffic congestion, shortages of water supply and sewage facilities, improper trash disposal, increased urban crime, and pollution from industries and vehicles. Addressing the inadequate expansion of infrastructure to match rising urban populations is key to solving the major problems faced by Indian cities.

Uploaded by

Arti Baliyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handout by Mr.

Raj Kumar

Problem of Urbanisation

Although, India is one of least urbanizaed country of the world with only 31.16% of her
population living in urban area, this country is facing a serious crisis of urbanization at present
time. Urbanisation has led to serious socio-economic problem in India.

The Sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas
and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of such a situation. The Rising used
population has put heavy pressure on public utilities like housing, sanitation, transport, water,
electricity etc.

Following are major problem of urbanization : -

1. Urban sprawl - It refers to expansion of cities, both in population a geographical area,


massive irrigation from rural to urban area and inclusion of new area into urban area is
cause of urban sprawl.

2. Overcrowding - It is situation in which too many people live in too little space. This is
logical consequence of over population. E.g. Delhi - Population density = 11, 297
person/ km2

3. Housing - Overcrowding lead to chronic shortage of houses in urban areas. The major
reason for this shortage are inadequate expansion of public utilities into sub-urban area,
rising real estate prices etc.

4. Unemployment - urban unemployment in India is estimated to very high (15 - 25% of


labour force). Lack of employability, rising populations, lower wages, corruption etc. are
some of the causes. (The unemployment rate is 3.4% in urban areas as per Ministry of
statistics - NSSO data 2016 - 68th round)

5. Slum of Squatter settlements - Due to rising rent and real estate princes with shortage
of housing, there is proliferation of slums.

New definition of slum : - P. Sen Committee Report - Any compact housing cluster or
settlement of atleast 20 HH (earlier 60 HH) with a collection of poorly build tenement
(sun downs apartment) which are mostly temporary in nature with in adequate sanitary,
drinking water facility and unhygienic condition.

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6. Transport - All Indian cities suffer from traffic congestion and bottleneck. This is
because presence of narrow street, rising number of vehicle, and under developed
public transport system.

7. Water supply - With growing number of urban areas, the supply of water started falling
short of demand. Also the supplied water is not at par with quality.

8. Sewerage problem - Insufficient and inefficient sewage faculties is another urban


problem. Not a single city in India is fully sewered. (8 cities treat 50% of their sewage).
Resource crunch forced by municipalities and unauthorised growth of cities are two
major causes of pathetic state of affair.

9. Trash Dispoal - Huge quantities of garbage produced in a city without proper


arrangement for garbage disposal pose a serious health problem.

10. Urban crimes - Urban areas register higher rate of crime. Growing materialism, socio-
economic disparities, rising unemployment and competition in every day (killing on
parking issue) are some of the primary causes responsible for urban crime.

11. Problem of urban pollution - with rapid growth of industries and transport system,
urban pollution is also rising. There is increase in concentration of pollutant in air like
sulphur dioxide oxide of nitrogen, contamination of ground water, discharge of effluent in
water body resulting into water and solid pollution. Increase vehicle are creating noise
pollution etc.

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