MODERN ITALY Style guidelines

Layout

A separate first page including: title of article, name of author, credentials, affiliation, address,
telephone number, fax number, and email address of the corresponding author; the names,
credentials, and affiliations of all authors.

Manuscripts should be compiled in the following order and style:

Main title (in bold)

Author(s) (in roman)

Affliations – department, university, city, country (in italics)

Abstract

Keywords

MAIN TEXT OF ARTICLE

Acknowledgements

Note on contributor(s)

Endnotes

Reference list

Italian summary

The main title, author and institution should be centred; the abstract and keywords should be
indented left and right. Main text should be justified, with no indent in the first paragraph after a
subheading but indented paragraphs thereafter. Please use 1.5 line spacing.

Abstracts of about 150 words are required for all manuscripts submitted. Three to six keywords
should also be supplied, to aid article searching.

The email address of author(s) should appear as a footnote on the first page, linked to an asterisk
inserted after the author’s name. If there is more than one author, please use footnote numbers (1
for the first author, 2 for the next, and so on).

Headings

Divide your article into sections with concise subheadings. As a guide, an article of 8.500 words
should have at least four subheadings. Subheadings should be ranged left, not numbered, and
should use initial capital letters only for nouns normally presented with initial capitals.

First-level headings (e.g. Introduction, Conclusion): Bold

First-level headings are usually sufficient, but if further levels are necessary, please use the following
styles:

Second-level headings: Bold italic

Third-level headings: Italic

Fourth-level headings: Italic with text immediately following.

Quotations

Quotations should be in English, with a note on the identity of the translator. If the same translator
applies throughout (such as the article author), one initial note is sufficient.

Long quotations (40 words or more) should be displayed, indented left and right and without
enclosing quotation marks.

Illustrations, tables and other graphics

Please supply all these at the end of the text, but indicate in the text where they should appear.
Please supply them in black and white, not colour.

Spelling

Use British, not US spelling (colour, labour etc), including –ise not –ize word endings.

Fonts

Use italics for emphasis; titles of books, poems, works of art etc; and phrases of other languages not
yet assimilated into English (e.g. zeitgeist, mafiosi).

Punctuation

Use single quotation marks, with double quotation marks for quotations within quotations. Display
long quotations – see in ‘Layout’ section above.

Use an en-dash, not a hyphen, to define supplementary or parenthetical clauses. For example:

This article deals with Italian influence across the Adriatic – not only between the wars but in the
immediate post-war period.

The border dispute between the Italian and Yugoslav governments – also known as the ‘Trieste
question’ – is the main focus of this article.

Use an en-dash also between spans of numbers (e.g. 20–40), including dates and page numbers in
references.

Do not use full stops after Mr, Dr, etc, nor between initials in acronyms such as USA, UNESCO, PCI,
RAI, PD.

Use a three-point ellipsis (. . .) to indicate omission.

Numerals

In text, numerals up to ten should be spelled out, and figures used thereafter. In graphs or tables,
use figures.

Dates

24 May 2016; in the twenty-first century; in the 1970s; mid-twentieth century; twentieth-century
history; mid-twentieth-century history. Pairs of dates should be elided to the shortest
pronounceable form: e.g. 1971–4; 1970–5; 1914–18; 1798–1810.

Reference style

Modern Italy uses the in-text author date system.

References in the text

1) Cite author’s name and the year of publication in parenthesis, e.g. (Easton 1953), or (Easton
1953, 68–91) if only a particular section is relevant.
2) Place author-date citations before a mark of punctuation wherever possible (i.e. a comma or
a full stop).
3) For references of up to three authors, all should be listed, e.g. (Clarke, Steward and Whiteley
1998). For references of more than three authors, only the first one should be listed,
followed by ‘et al.’, e.g. Catalan et al. 2007. Et al. is not italicised.
4) Where an author’s name appears in the text, it need not be repeated in the parenthetical
citation, e.g. Easton (1953) states that ...
5) If the reference is in parentheses, use square brackets for additional parentheses, for
example: (see Khan [2012, 89] on this important subject).
6) If you refer to two or more sources in one parenthesis, separate them with semicolons. The
order can be alphabetical, chronological or in order of importance, e.g. (Smith 2010, 2012,
84; Khan 2012, 54–60).
7) After a displayed quotation, the source should appear in parentheses after the final
punctuation, e.g. ‘end of displayed quotation.’ (Smith 2012, 67)

Endnotes

Endnotes should only be used sparingly to clarify potential ambiguities, or to insert information that
would disturb the flow of the main text. Such notes should appear at the end of the article, not at
the foot of each page. They should be introduced by an Arabic numeral (1, 2, 3 etc., not i, ii, iii),
followed by a full stop and not in superscript. For example:

1. We use this type of footnote numbering as opposed to the type where the note is
introduced by a number in superscript.

Within the main text, reference numbers for any endnotes should be in superscript Arabic numerals
and should follow the full stop or other punctuation concluding the sentence or phrase to be
annotated. For example:

... an exemplary sentence concluding with an endnote reference number. 1

 ... whereas we do not do it like this 2.

Any sources cited in endnotes should be included in the reference list.

Reference list

For the reference list, please follow the style of the examples below. Use initials (with no space
between them), not first names, for authors, unless a first name is needed to avoid ambiguity. Use
italics for titles of books, journals, periodicals and newspapers, but single quotation marks for titles
of articles or chapters. Use an en-dash to separate page numbers, and do not abbreviate page
numbers (618–619, not 618–9 or 618–19).

List authors alphabetically: use word order rather than letter order (e.g. Van Damm, Van Gogh,
Vanderbilt, not Van Damm, Vanderbilt, Van Gogh). If more than one work by the same author is
cited, list chronologically; if more than one work by the same author in a year is cited, use ‘a’, ‘b’ etc.
after the date.

For four to ten authors or editors, whether of books or journals, give all their last names. For more
than ten, list the first seven, followed by et al.

Use British names for place of publication, e.g. Florence, not Firenze. Where two cities are given,
include the first one only. If the city could be confused with another, add the abbreviation of the
state, province or county (e.g. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

Capitalisation of titles: English-language titles (for books, articles and chapters) take initial capitals
for major words as well as proper nouns; titles in some other languages, such as Italian and French,
only capitalise proper nouns. For example: The Oxford Handbook of Critical Theory; Le edizioni
letterarie Feltrinelli.

Please use the punctuation as given in these examples:

1) One author, one publication

Franzese, R. 2002. Macroeconomic Policies in Developed Democracies. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Perfetti, F. 2011. Aldo Moro nell’Italia contemporanea. Florence: Le Lettere.
2) Multiple authors
Catalan, T., G. Mellinato, R. Pupo and M. Verginella. 2007. Dopoguerra di confine. Trieste:
IRSML-University of Trieste.
3) Organisation as author
Istituto di Studi e Ricerche Carlo Cattaneo. 1968. Ricerche sulla partecipazione politica in
Italia. Bologna: Il Mulino.
4) No author
List title alphabetically.
5) Editor(s)
Rusconi, G.E., ed. 1993. Nazione, etnia, cittadinanza in Italia e in Europa. Brescia: Editrice La
Scuola.
Pennetier, C. and B. Poudal, eds. 2002. Autobiographies, authocritiques, aveux dans le
monde comuniste. Paris: Belin.
6) Chapter in a book
Spadaro, S. 1984. ‘Due momenti salienti dell’“independentismo”’. In Dalla Liberazione agli
anni ’80. Trieste come problema nazionale, edited by A. Cipriani, 119–147. Rome: Salemi
Editore.
7) Article in journal
Sartori, G. 1962. ‘Constitutionalism: A Preliminary Discussion’. American Political Science
Review 56 (4): 853–864.
8) Conference paper
Wallace, H. 2000. ‘The Domestication of Europe and the Limits of Globalisation’. Paper
presented at the World IPSA Congress, Quebec City, 1–5 August.
9) Thesis
Schwarz, G.J. 2000. ‘Multiwavelength analyses of classical carbon-oxygen novae’. PhD diss.,
Arizona State University.
10) Later edition of an original work, where the date of the original publication is significant.
Author. (1890) 1983.
11) Online sources
a) Book published electronically: if a book is available in more than one format, cite the
version you consulted. For books consulted online, list a URL. If no fixed page numbers
are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number. For example:

Kurland, P. B. and R. Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/

b) Article in an online journal: include a doi (Digital Object Identifier) if the

journal lists one. A doi is a permanent ID that, when appended to
http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to
the source. For example:

Kossinets, G. and D. J. Watts, ‘Origins of Homophily in an Evolving

Social Network’. American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411,
doi:10.1086/599247

If no doi is available, list a URL or website address. For example:

Becker, A. 2014. ‘Who Finances Isis?’ Deutsche Welle, 19 June.

www.dw.com/en/who-finances-isis/a-17720149

c) Website: because such content is subject to change, include an access

date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified.
‘Google Privacy Policy’, last modified 11 March 2009,
http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
‘McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts’, McDonald’s Corporation,
accessed 19 July 2008,
http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

Miscellaneous examples – spellings, hyphenations and initial capitals or lower-case

acknowledgement
anti-fascist/anti-communist/anti-political
co-ordinate
co-operation
email
Fascist (initial capital) when referring to specific government, party or individual: but fascist
when used more generally. Same with Communist/communist; Socialist/socialist, etc.
First World War/Second World War
grandparents
judgement
lifestyle
Mafia (initial capital)/Camorra (initial capital)/’Ndrangheta (initial capital); mafia (lower-case
initial) when referring to general phenomenon.
multitasking
online
per cent (not % in text, but % in tables, graphs etc.)
postmodern
post-war
the prime minister was first to comment but Prime Minister Berlusconi was first to
comment; same with king/King; president/President etc
programme
Resistance
Risorgimento
reunification
southern Italy but the South
workforce

Last updated September 2016