Scribd
Upload
177 views

Chapter 3 Key Points On Process Costing

Process costing is used for mass production and involves 5 steps: 1) accumulating all costs, 2) tracking physical units started and completed, 3) calculating equivalent units to account for partial completions, 4) determining the cost per equivalent unit, and 5) assigning costs to completed units and units in ending work in process. Under the weighted average method, equivalent units are calculated for completed units and ending work in process by multiplying the units by their percent completion. Costs are then assigned by multiplying equivalent units by the cost per equivalent unit.

Uploaded by

Kyeien
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
177 views

Chapter 3 Key Points On Process Costing

Process costing is used for mass production and involves 5 steps: 1) accumulating all costs, 2) tracking physical units started and completed, 3) calculating equivalent units to account for partial completions, 4) determining the cost per equivalent unit, and 5) assigning costs to completed units and units in ending work in process. Under the weighted average method, equivalent units are calculated for completed units and ending work in process by multiplying the units by their percent completion. Costs are then assigned by multiplying equivalent units by the cost per equivalent unit.

Uploaded by

Kyeien
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Chapter 3 Key Points

Process Costing Key Points

Process costing is used for mass production – high volumes of standardized product. This makes costing
difficult due to the sheer volume of product we are producing and the fact that each product uses a
small amount of materials, labor and overhead. Process costing is done in a 5-step Process.

Step 1: Cost accumulation

This section lists all dollar costs in Beginning work in process and adds the costs added during the period
to get your Total Costs to Account For.

Step 2: Physical Flow of Units

In this section, we document how many units we had to work on and then disclose what happened to
those units – were they finished or not. The calculation is:

Beginning work in process units + units started this period = Units completed and transferred + Ending
work in process units

Step 3: Equivalent Units – Weighted Average

Equivalent units is the process of adding partially completed units together to make whole units since it
is easier to calculate with whole numbers. Under the weighted average method, we use only the Units
completed and transferred and Ending work in process units from Step 2. You will calculated equivalent
units for direct materials, direct labor and overhead. The calculation for equivalent units is:
Units completed and transferred x 100% percent complete

Plus Ending work in process units x percent complete

= Total Equivalent Units

Note: Ending work in process percent complete can be different for direct materials, direct labor, or
overhead. Materials added at the beginning means 100% complete since it has received all its materials.
Materials or conversion costs added evenly means use the percent complete given. Remember,
conversion costs means direct labor and overhead.

Step 4: Cost per Equivalent Unit – Weighted Average

We add the total costs incurred during the process including beginning work in process and divide by the
Total Equivalent Units calculated in Step 3. The formula is applied to direct materials, direct labor and
overhead individually (or sometimes just direct materials and conversion costs). The calculation is:

Cost of Beginning work in process inventory + costs added this period

Total Equivalent Units

Step 5: Assign and Reconcile Costs


In this section, you will use the equivalent units calculated in Step 3 and multiply by the cost per
equivalent unit calculated in Step 4. You will do this beginning with units completed and transferred and
apply the costs to direct material first, then conversion costs. The result of this step is Cost of Goods
Manufactured. The calculations look like this:

Cost assigned to units completed

Direct Materials (equivalent units for direct materials units completed in step 3 x direct material cost per
equivalent unit in step 4)

+ Conversion Costs (equivalent units for conversion cost units completed in step 3 x conversion cost per
equivalent unit in step 4).

= Total Costs transferred out (or Cost of Goods Manufactured)

Now, repeat the process using your equivalent units calculated based on Ending Work in Process.

Cost assigned to ending work in process

Direct Materials (equivalent units for direct materials for ending work in process in step 3 x direct
material cost per equivalent unit in step 4)

+ Conversion Costs (equivalent units for conversion cost for ending work in process in step 3 x conversion
cost per equivalent unit in step 4).
= Total Costs assigned to Ending Work in Process

Finally, you complete the reconciliation by adding your Total Costs Transferred Out and Total costs
assigned to Ending Work in Process to get your Total Costs Accounted For. This should match the cost
totals in Step 1.

You might also like