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Concrete Pipe Metric Conversion: Soft and Hard Conversions

This document discusses the mandatory conversion of the United States construction industry to metric measurements by 1996 and provides information on converting common concrete pipe dimensions. It defines "hard conversions" as rounded metric equivalents and "soft conversions" as exact conversions. Tables 1 and 2 list diameter sizes for concrete pipes in inches and millimeters using hard conversions and provide common conversion factors between metric and U.S. customary units.

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51 views

Concrete Pipe Metric Conversion: Soft and Hard Conversions

This document discusses the mandatory conversion of the United States construction industry to metric measurements by 1996 and provides information on converting common concrete pipe dimensions. It defines "hard conversions" as rounded metric equivalents and "soft conversions" as exact conversions. Tables 1 and 2 list diameter sizes for concrete pipes in inches and millimeters using hard conversions and provide common conversion factors between metric and U.S. customary units.

Uploaded by

Turfgrass Management Inc.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONCRETE PIPE METRIC CONVERSION

Any business that provides services or products to the Federal Government must
convert to metric dimensions on or before September 30, 1996. The 1975 Metric
Conversion Act, as amended by the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act,
mandates metric conversion so that the United States can be more competitive
worldwide.

Currently, ASTM Standards for concrete pipe, precast boxes, manholes, etc. are
published in both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI).

These products have had metric equivalents for many years.

SOFT AND HARD CONVERSIONS

Dimensions can be shown in two different ways: hard conversion or soft conversion.

"A hard conversion is a statement of a previous dimension in convenient, rounded


metric units." For example, a 36-inch diameter pipe can be stated as 900
millimeters (mm) when the exact con- version would be 914.4 mm.

"A soft conversion is an exact re-stating of a conventional U.S. measurement in


metric terms." For example, a 36-inch diameter pipe would be noted as 914.4 mm.

(Many people misinterpret the "hard-soft" definition, thinking a soft


conversion should be the approximate dimension, and the hard
conversion should be the exact dimension, but that is not the case).

Concrete pipe diameters are shown as the approximate diameters (hard


conversion in Table 1).

Table 1

Diameter of Pipe

Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters

6 150 60 1500
8 200 66 1650
10 250 72 1800
12 300 78 1950
15 375 84 2100

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03/95
Inches Mllimeters Inches Millimeters

18 450 90 2250
21 525 96 2400
24 600 102 2550
27 675 108 2700
30 750 114 2850
33 825 120 3000
36 900 126 3150
42 1050 132 3300
48 1200 136 3450
54 1350 144 3600

Table 2

Common Metric Conversion Factors for Concrete

To Convert To Multiply By

inches meters (m) 0.0254

feet meters (m) 0.3048

pounds kilograms (kg) 0.4535924

fluid ounces milliliters (ml) 29.57353

gallons liters (L) 3.7854118

psi megapascals (MPa) 0.00689476

cubic yards cubic meters (m3) 0.7645549

pounds per cubic yard kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) 0.5933

pounds per cubic feet kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) 16.01846

farhrenheit (F) celsius (C) 5/9 x (°F - 32)

pound force newton (N) 4.448222

NOTE: To convert from metric units to inch-pound units, divide


instead of multiply by the factors in the third column.

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