Ellipse and Circle

Christopher F. Santos

BUSANA2 Lecture 8
De La Salle University
26 June 2014

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 1 / 10

Recall: Quadratic Equation in Two Variables

The general form of a second degree equation in two

variables x and y is given by

ax 2 + bxy + cy 2 + dx + ey + f = 0

where a, b, c, d, e, and f are constants, and at least

one of a, b, and c is nonzero.
The shapes of the corresponding graphs of the
equation depend on the values of these constants.
These graphs are called conic sections.

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 2 / 10

Recall: Graphs of ax 2 + bxy + cy 2 + dx + ey + f = 0

A conic section is the intersection of the plane and a

right circular cone. Depending on the angle of the
plane relative to the cone, the intersection can be a
parabola, an ellipse, a circle, or a hyperbola.

Value of b2 − 4ac Conic Section

2
b − 4ac < 0, b 6= 0 or a 6= c Ellipse
2
b − 4ac < 0, b = 0 and a = c Circle
b2 − 4ac = 0 Parabola
2
b − 4ac > 0 Hyperbola

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 3 / 10

Ellipse

An ellipse is the set of all points in a plane such that

the sum of the distances of any point on the ellipse to
two other fixed points, called the foci, is a positive
constant. The midpoint of the segment between the
foci is called the center. The intersection of the ellipse
and the line joining the foci are the vertices of the
ellipse. The segment between the two vertices is
called the major axis of the ellipse. The segment
passing thru the center perpendicular to the major
axis and intercepted by the ellipse is called the minor
axis.

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 4 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

Let a, b, c ∈ R+ such that the distance from the center

to any vertex is a, to any endpoint of the minor axis is
b, and to any focus is c. Note that a > b and it can be
shown that c 2 = a2 − b2 . The standard form of the
equation of the ellipse with center at (h, k ) is given by

(x − h)2 (y − k )2
+ = 1, major axis is horizontal.
a2 b2
(y − k )2 (x − h)2
+ = 1, major axis is vertical.
a2 b2

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 5 / 10

Examples
Find the center, vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor
axis, and lengths of the major and minor axes of each
ellipse. Then sketch the ellipse.
x2 y2
1
+ =1
9 4
x2 y2
2
+ =1
4 9
3
4x 2 + 25y 2 = 100
(x − 1)2 (y + 2)2
4
+ =1
25 36
5
16x 2 + 25y 2 + 32x − 150y = 159
Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 6 / 10
Examples
Find the center, vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor
axis, and lengths of the major and minor axes of each
ellipse. Then sketch the ellipse.
x2 y2
1
+ =1
9 4
x2 y2
2
+ =1
4 9
3
4x 2 + 25y 2 = 100
(x − 1)2 (y + 2)2
4
+ =1
25 36
5
16x 2 + 25y 2 + 32x − 150y = 159
Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 6 / 10
Examples
Find the center, vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor
axis, and lengths of the major and minor axes of each
ellipse. Then sketch the ellipse.
x2 y2
1
+ =1
9 4
x2 y2
2
+ =1
4 9
3
4x 2 + 25y 2 = 100
(x − 1)2 (y + 2)2
4
+ =1
25 36
5
16x 2 + 25y 2 + 32x − 150y = 159
Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 6 / 10
Examples
Find the center, vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor
axis, and lengths of the major and minor axes of each
ellipse. Then sketch the ellipse.
x2 y2
1
+ =1
9 4
x2 y2
2
+ =1
4 9
3
4x 2 + 25y 2 = 100
(x − 1)2 (y + 2)2
4
+ =1
25 36
5
16x 2 + 25y 2 + 32x − 150y = 159
Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 6 / 10
Examples
Find the center, vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor
axis, and lengths of the major and minor axes of each
ellipse. Then sketch the ellipse.
x2 y2
1
+ =1
9 4
x2 y2
2
+ =1
4 9
3
4x 2 + 25y 2 = 100
(x − 1)2 (y + 2)2
4
+ =1
25 36
5
16x 2 + 25y 2 + 32x − 150y = 159
Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 6 / 10
Examples

Write the standard form of the equation of the ellipse

that satisfies each set of conditions. Then graph the
ellipse.
1
Foci at (3, 5) and (3, −5),
length of major axis is 20
2
axis at (−4, −2) and (10, −2),
Endpoints of minor √
a focus at (3, −2 − 15)

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 7 / 10

Examples

Write the standard form of the equation of the ellipse

that satisfies each set of conditions. Then graph the
ellipse.
1
Foci at (3, 5) and (3, −5),
length of major axis is 20
2
axis at (−4, −2) and (10, −2),
Endpoints of minor √
a focus at (3, −2 − 15)

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 7 / 10

Circle

A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are

equidistant from a fixed point, called the center.
The distance from the center to any point on the circle
is called the radius.

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 8 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

The standard form of the equation of a circle with

center at (h, k ) and of radius r is

(x − h)2 + (y − k )2 = r 2 .

Examples: Find the center and radius of each circle.

Then graph the circle.
1
x 2 + y 2 = 16
2
(x + 4)2 + (y − 3)2 = 25
3
x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 12y = 12

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 9 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

The standard form of the equation of a circle with

center at (h, k ) and of radius r is

(x − h)2 + (y − k )2 = r 2 .

Examples: Find the center and radius of each circle.

Then graph the circle.
1
x 2 + y 2 = 16
2
(x + 4)2 + (y − 3)2 = 25
3
x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 12y = 12

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 9 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

The standard form of the equation of a circle with

center at (h, k ) and of radius r is

(x − h)2 + (y − k )2 = r 2 .

Examples: Find the center and radius of each circle.

Then graph the circle.
1
x 2 + y 2 = 16
2
(x + 4)2 + (y − 3)2 = 25
3
x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 12y = 12

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 9 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

The standard form of the equation of a circle with

center at (h, k ) and of radius r is

(x − h)2 + (y − k )2 = r 2 .

Examples: Find the center and radius of each circle.

Then graph the circle.
1
x 2 + y 2 = 16
2
(x + 4)2 + (y − 3)2 = 25
3
x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 12y = 12

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 9 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

Examples: Write the standard form of the equation of

the circle that satisfies each set of conditions. Then
graph the circle.
√
1
Center (−2, 5), radius 5
2
Center (0, 2), radius 4

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 10 / 10

Standard Form w/ Center at (h, k )

Examples: Write the standard form of the equation of

the circle that satisfies each set of conditions. Then
graph the circle.
√
1
Center (−2, 5), radius 5
2
Center (0, 2), radius 4

Christopher F. Santos Ellipse and Circle DLSU BUSANA2 Lecture 8 10 / 10