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LESSON 8: AUXILIARY SYSTEM
AUXILIARY SYSTEM
 Fire Detection Alarm System (FDAS)
 Closed Circuit Television System (CCTV System)
 Public Addressing System (PA System)
 Telephone System
 Security Alarm System

 FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and
audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be
activated automatically from smoke detectors and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire
alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells or
wall mountable sounders or horns.
The primary purpose of fire alarm system is to provide an early warning of fire so that people can be
evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop or eliminate of the fire effect as soon as possible.

Principle of Operation
Heat detector’s detection mechanism is actually pretty simple. There is a thermistor which triggers fire alarm
signal according to the temperature of the environment. As the temperature increases, the resistance of
thermistor decreases and heat detector gives fire alarm signal. There are two criteria for fire alarm. Heat
detector gives fire alarm signal either thermistor detects 60֯C or 30֯C temperature increases in one minute.

Four Types of Automatic Alarm

Smoke Alarm
Also often known as smoke detectors, these devices are one of the best early-warning devices of a fire. They
are designed to sense low levels of smoke and sound an alarm. Some smoke alarms are what are known as
“single station,” or stand-alone devices.

ADVANTAGES
Detection of low energy fires
Detection that is faster than heat detectors
Preferred for life safety applications

DISADVANTAGES
More expensive than heat detectors
Limitation use for based on environmental conditions

Heat Detectors
In some areas, such as kitchens, smoke detectors would be going off all of the time. Heat detectors, which
react at either a fixed temperature, or when heat is rising at a certain rate, provide detection in these areas.
Some smoke detectors have heat detectors as part of their design to provide dual protection.

Types of Heat Detectors

Fixed Temperature Heat Detector,
Rate of Rise Detector,
Rate Compensation,
Line type detectors.

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ADVANTAGES
Reliable and cheap
Some detectors can be used to give continuous signal: they will provide an accurate measurement of the
ambient temperature.

DISADVANTAGES
Lack sensitivity: a fire has to be quite large before it can detect
Not suitable for places that could suffer heavy losses due to small fires e.g. computer room
FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

Fire Gases Detectors

When a fire burns in a confined space, it changes the makeup of the atmosphere within the space. Depending
on the fuel, some of the gases released by a fire may include the following:
Water vapor (H2O),
Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Carbon monoxide (CO),
Hydrogen chloride (HCL),
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN),
Hydrogen fluoride (HF),
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Flame Detectors
That is the stage which after the smokes or gases and has the highest degree of dangerousness. There are
three basic types of flame detectors (sometimes called light detectors):
Detecting light in the ultraviolet wave spectrum (UV detectors),
Detecting light in the infrared wave spectrum (IR detectors),
Detecting both types of light.

 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEM

A television system which operates on a ‘closed loop’ basis. Unlike broadcast television, which is available to
anyone with a suitable receiver, CCTV pictures are only available to those directly connected to the loop.
An automatic control system in which an operation, process, or mechanism is regulated by feedback.

Importance of CCTV
Home Safety
Surveillance cameras can be used to keep an eye out for any crimes that are in progress or even prevent
them before they start by serving as a deterrent. If a suspicious person or item is in the area, the proper
authorities can be alerted before any crime can be committed or damage can be done. In addition, the area
can be cleared of any people as a precautionary measure.

Help Catch Criminals

If a crime is committed and there is a surveillance camera, there is a good chance that the authorities will be
able to get a viable image of the criminal. The camera footage can be used to put the image on posters and
aired on television where someone might be able to recognize who the person is. Without the surveillance
camera, it may be more difficult to get a detailed description of the perpetrator.

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Sense of Security
For some people, knowing that surveillance cameras are in certain areas can help create a sense of security.
No one wants to fear having to go into an area or feel as though they are not safe. Some may believe that
there may be less of a chance that a crime will be committed if there are cameras in the area watching over
them.

Crime Prevention
Some businesses and authorities may place cameras in areas in hope that it will prevent crimes from being
committed in the first place. If a person knows that there is a surveillance camera in a specific area, he may
be less willing to commit a crime at that location for fear of being caught.

Evidence
In court, the footage from the surveillance camera that captured a crime can be used as evidence against the
accused. Without the footage, there may be little to no evidence to go on and the criminal could go free. In
some cases, the footage may also help prove the innocence of someone who was accused of a crime, but did
not commit it.

 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEM

Types of CCTV

1. Dome CCTV Camera

Dome CCTV Cameras are most commonly used for indoor security and surveillance applications. Dome
cameras get their name from the dome-shaped housing in which they sit. These housings are designed to
make the CCTV cameras unobtrusive… not covert or hidden. Typical applications are retail, where the camera
is designed to be unobtrusive, but visible.

2. Bullet CCTV Camera

Bullet CCTV Cameras have a long, cylindrical, and tapered shape, similar to that of a "rifle bullet", often used
in applications that require long distance viewing. The camera is not typically designed to have pan/tilt/zoom
control but instead to capture images from a fixed location, pointing at a particular area.
A bullet CCTV camera is a wall-mount or ceiling-mounted unit that is typically designed for indoor use, but
can also be used for some outdoor applications. Many bullet cameras can also be waterproof by
being installed inside protective casings, which protect against dust, dirt, rain, hail and other harmful
elements.

3. C-Mount CCTV Camera

C-mount CCTV cameras have detachable lenses to fit different applications. Standard CCTV camera lenses can
only cover distances of between 35 and 40ft, therefore with C-mount CCTV cameras, it is possible to use
special lenses, which can cover distances greater than 40ft.

4. Day/Night CCTV Camera

The day/night CCTV cameras have the distinct advantage of operating in both normal and poorly-lit
environments. These cameras do not have Infrared illuminators because they can capture clear video images
in varying light conditions and in the dark.
The camera is ideal for outdoor surveillance applications, where Infrared CCTV cameras cannot function
optimally. These CCTV cameras are primarily used in outdoor applications and they can have a wide dynamic
range to function in glare, direct sunlight, reflections and strong back light 24/7.

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5. Infrared/Night Vision CCTV Camera
These night-vision CCTV cameras have the ability to see images in pitch black conditions using Infrared LEDs
and are ideal in outside conditions where lighting is poor to zero

6. Network/IP CCTV Camera

These cameras, both hardwired and wireless, transmit images over the Internet, often compressing the
bandwidth so as not to overwhelm the web. IP cameras are easier to install than analog cameras because
they do not require a separate cable run or power boost to send images over a longer distance.

7. Wireless CCTV Camera

Not all wireless cameras are IP-based. Some wireless cameras can use alternative modes of wireless
transmission. But no matter what the transmission method, the primary benefit to these units is still the
same: extreme flexibility in installation.

8. High-Definition HD CCTV Camera

Ultra high-definition cameras are often relegated to niche markets, such as casinos and banks. These give the
operators the ability to zoom in with extreme clarity

ADVANTAGE:
Public Video Surveillance Improves Public Safety
Public Surveillance Cameras Reduce Crime Rate
Public Video Surveillance Helps Catch Criminals
Video Cameras in Public Locations Provide Evidence and Gather Clues
Public Video Surveillance Improves Convenience for Everyday Life
Monitor Scenarios and Activities

DISADVANTAGE:
Surveillance Systems are Easily Abuse
Effectiveness of a Public Security Camera Is Doubted
CCTV is giving the public a false sense of security
Privacy is an issue
They Can be Vulnerable

 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

A public address system is one that allows a single user or group of users to address a larger public number of
people with the use of a microphone (or other audio source), a mixer, amplifier and loudspeakers typically in
a venue or building.
The components of a public address system are different depending upon the size and type of venue or
building and the number of people a system needs to address.
Sound Directions are experts in this sometimes challenging area and design, supply and support public
address systems.

Requirements of Public Addressing System

1. It must avoid the acoustic feedback
2. Distribute the sound intensity uniformly.
3. Reduce reverberations.
4. It must use proper speaker orientation.
5. Select proper microphones and loud speaker.
6. It should create a sense of direction.
7. Loud speaker impedances should be matched properly.

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8. Proper grounding should be provided.
9. Use closed ring connection for loud speakers

Factors to be considered
1. The output power of the P.A. system should be adequate for a giving application.
2. Number of microphones that can be connected at the input.
3. Provision to connect a tape recorder or CD player at its input.
4. Provision of a tone control/graphic equalizer circuit.
5. Facility of operating the P.A. system on the DC batteries in the event of power failure.
6. Separate amplitude control for each input microphone.
7. Number of speakers that can be driven by the P.A. system.
8. Facility to use the wireless microphones.
9. Size, weight and cost.
10. Guarantee for reliable operation and after sale service. PA Systems come in many different shapes and
sizes, ranging from the very elaborate systems used in large stadiums all the way down to a simple
microphone patched into your home stereo. Listed below are several of the most common setups

Essential Parts
Microphones
A microphone is a fundamental component of any public address system. It’s mandated with the
responsibility to convert sound into another form of energy, electric signals. Microphones can convert
acoustic energy to electrical energy in different ways using either a large capacitor or electromagnetism.
There are various types of microphones in the market with the dynamic microphone taking the lead as the
most common type. Dynamic microphones can either be lapel or handheld. Microphones work by modifying
sound into electric signals for amplification.

Amplifiers
Amplifiers increase the level of the initial sound source electronically. If you are using passive speakers, it is
crucial that you match the power the speaker can take to the power provided by the amplifier. If you want to
simplify the setup process, you can opt to buy a mixer that comes with an inbuilt amplifier. Otherwise, if your
mixer does not feature a built-in amp, you will need separate cables to convey the signal from the mixer to
the amplifier. Nonetheless, it is important to note that under certain circumstances, the loudspeakers may
also come with inbuilt amplifiers

Speaker
Speakers are an important part of the public address system and happen to be the most visible part of the PA
system. Speakers can either be active or passive. Active speakers come with an inbuilt amplifier whereas
passive speakers call for an external amplifier. Unlike with the microphone, a loudspeaker converts electric
signals back into acoustic energy. However, as a result of amplification and sound reinforcement, the sound
from a speaker tends to be louder than the original input

Mixers
Mixers come with numerous features that make it easy to enhance the quality of the sound. The mixer comes
with plugs on which you can add additional components to get a crisp sound and make it useful for the
required performance level. Mixers come with multiple channels on which you can plug in microphones and
other sound sources. Before making a purchase, make sure the mixer features sufficient channels to enable
you to accept all the required or available sound sources. The newest mixers have some convenient features
such as in-built amplifiers, inbuilt digital effects, and USB sockets

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Audio Playback
Depending on the situation, you may be required to amplify pre-recorded audio files or music. This can be
accomplished using different devices such as iPods and MP3 players. The audio file is transmitted from the
device through a lead running from the headphone socket of the music player which is then plugged into the
mixer. You can also play audio files from your laptop by taking the lead from the laptop’s audio output and
plug it into the mixer. Newer PA systems and mixers come with built-in MP3 players that can play back audio
files from USB sticks, DVD players, and memory cards

Cables
Cables are used for connectivity between different components including the microphone and the mixer as
well as the speakers and the power amp. Having the right cables in place can be the difference between your
audience hearing you or not. Make sure you have proper cables in place and also see to it that they are long
enough to accommodate all the necessary connections. A good public address system should have in place
strong, solid cables that can withstand any unwanted or unprecedented elements including a sudden change
in weather conditions

Monitoring system
When dealing with sound equipment, it is important that you have in place sound monitoring systems to
ensure everything works out well during the performance. With a proper monitoring system, any defect in
the sound quality can be detected and resolved promptly. Depending on the user preferences, there are
numerous choices to choose from when looking for the best monitoring system.

Sound reinforcement system

Sound Reinforcement (much like a public address system) is the art of using an audio system to enable an
audience (of one or more) to listen to a speech or musical performance (which may be live or pre-recorded)
with clarity, that they may not otherwise be able to hear due to physical (building or other) or people (large
numbers) constraints

Voice alarm system

A voice alarm system (sometimes referred to as a voice evacuation system) is very similar to a public address
system but it is installed with the safety of staff or general public in mind.
It is a system that assists in the effective evacuation of an area or building during a fire, bomb alert or other
emergency.
A voice alarm system has to work when needed – during an emergency – and is, therefore, fully monitored at
all times. It is also backed up by batteries which are fully charged and checked constantly; this will ensure
that, even during a mains power failure, the system will continue to operate.

Background music system

A Background Music System in a commercial environment is a music playback system that plays continuous
background music, normally via a distributed public address audio system. It may include an element of
zoning so volume levels are suitable for each area or zone of an environment.
The music selection for a commercial background music system may also be profiled for a particular brand,
venue or building so music that plays is suitable and automatically updated for the venue. Repeats within
such a system are minimized (which helps staff and visitors) and can be interspersed with live broadcasts,
adverts and if required staff training/company announcements.

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 TELEPHONE SYSTEM
GENERAL TELEPHONE SYSTEM
The circuit between the central office and customer is called the local loop.
The local loop is the only remaining analog component in the system.
Telephone calls are established by a device located at the local telephone companies Central Office (CO)
known as a telephone switch.
All voice traffic destined for locations outside of the local LATA must be handed off to the Long Distance or
Inter- Exchange carrier (IXC) of the customer's choice.

Major components
1. Local loops (analog twisted pairs going into houses and businesses)
2. Trunks (digital fiber optics connecting the switching offices)
3. Switching offices (where calls are moved from one trunk to another).

Major problems:
Attenuation - the loss of energy of the signal during its propagation
Delay distortion - the different Fourier components propagate at different speeds in the wire
Noise - unwanted energy from sources other than the transmitter

TELEPHONE INTERNAL WORKING

The analog system was the first telephone system established worldwide. Currently, telephone systems in
countries are still completely analog. In time however, these systems will become redundant as the world
switches to digital telephony.
The components of a telephone system include:
Microphone & Receiver
Transmission System
Switching and signaling system

Microphone, Receiver & Transmission System

Microphone
Converts the vibrations in the air into an electrical signal.
Receiver
Converts the received electrical signal into sound waves
Transmission system
Conveys the information representing the audio signal from the microphone to the receiver.

Structure of the Telephone System

• The initial market was for the sale of telephones, which came in pairs. It was up to the customer to string a
single wire between them
• Came the single switching office then came the need to connect the switching offices

 SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM

All home security systems work on the same basic principle of securing entry points, like doors and windows,
as well as interior space containing valuables like art, computers, guns, and coin collections. Regardless of the
size of your home, or the number of doors and windows or interior rooms a homeowner decides to protect,
the only real difference is in the number of security components deployed throughout the home and
monitored by the control panel.
What is a security system? The most basic definition of any security system is found in its name. It is literally a
means or method by which something is secured through a system of interworking components and devices.

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A typical home security system includes:
A control panel, which is the primary controller of a home's security system
Door and window sensors
Motion sensors, both interior and exterior
Wired or wireless security cameras
A high-decibel siren or alarm
A yard sign and window stickers

How does a security system work?

Home security systems work on the simple concept of securing entry points into a home with sensors that
communicate with a control panel or command center installed in a convenient location somewhere in the
home.
The sensors are typically placed in doors that lead to and from a house as well as easily accessible windows,
particularly any that open, especially those at ground level. Open spaces inside of homes can be secured with
motion sensors.

Components of security alarm system

Control Panel: The control panel is the computer that arms and disarms the security systems, communicates
with each installed component, sounds the alarm when a security zone is breached, and communicates with
an alarm monitoring company.
They typically feature a touchpad for easy programming and interaction, is where pass codes are entered to
arm and disarm the system, can work on voice commands, and can be programmed to work with wireless
remote controls called key fobs.

Door and Window Sensors: Door and window sensors are comprised of two parts installed adjacent to each
other. One part of the device is installed on the door or window and the other on the door frame or window
sill. When a door or window is closed, the two parts of the sensor are joined together, creating a security
circuit.
When the security system is armed at the control panel, these sensors communicate with it by reporting that
the point of entry is secure. Should a monitored door or window suddenly be opened, the security circuit is
broken and the control panel interprets this as a breach of a secured zone. A high-decibel alarm is sounded
and in most instances the alarm monitoring company is automatically notified.

Motion Sensors: These security components, when armed, protect a given space by creating an invisible zone
that cannot be breached without sounding an alarm. These are typically used to protect rooms containing
valuables, as well as areas less frequented in larger homes.

Surveillance Cameras: Available in both wired and wireless configurations, surveillance cameras can be used
in several different ways as part of an overall security system

Typical uses include monitoring:

Hard to see or distant areas of your property
Remote buildings like garages, barns, and workshops
Entry points, both exterior and interior, like garage doors and front doors
Surveillance cameras can be accessed remotely on computers, smartphones, and tablets. They are often used
in this method when homeowners are out of town, to watch for deliveries and other service personnel like
caregivers and landscapers, and to monitor the arrival of children after school. They can also be used to
record any security breaches, which could result in having footage of a home invasion, including a good look
at the burglars and perhaps even the vehicle they drove.

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What are the advantages of having a home security system?
Numerous studies show homes without security systems, when compared to those with professionally
monitored systems, are up to three times more likely to be burglarized because burglars are opportunistic by
nature and are on the hunt for easy targets.
Homes without security systems are high on their list.
When you have a home security system professionally monitored, and advertise this by displaying window
stickers and yard signs, you're letting burglars know the likelihood they'll fail and be caught are very high.

Another advantage is the ability to remotely manage your house. With this, you can typically arm and disarm
your security system from anywhere in the world via a web-enabled device, monitor who arrives and leaves
your home, as well as use a panic button to elicit an instant response from your alarm monitoring company.
Finally, most home insurance companies provide great discounts-up to 20 percent-when you have a home
security system in your home.
If you'd like to know more about getting a security system in your home, please contact any of our specially
trained home security experts at 1-855-758-8643. They'll be able to answer all of your questions, help you
decide which security companies and options will fit your particular needs, and help you finalize your order.

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