“TECHNICAL REPORT WRITTING”

TOPIC:
“WATER POLLUTION”

SUBMITTED BY
DANIYAL SHAHID

SUBMITTED TO

MS.SUMMAIYA ASLAM

SUBMISSION DATE

15.AUGUST.2018

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

S NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
2 INTRODUCTION 4
3 WHAT ID WATER POLLUTION? 4
4 TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION. 5-6
5 EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTON. 7-8
6 PREVENTIOIN 9-10
7 CONCLUSION 10
8 REFERENCES 11

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all am very thankful to our Almighty Allah who gives me the ability and
energy to complete this report. Am really grateful because I managed to complete my
work within the time given by our lecturer .MISS SUMMAYA ASLAM .This assignment
cannot be completed without the effort and corporation of our teacher. I am also
sincerely thank my teacher for the guidance and encouragement in finishing the
assignment and also for teaching me in this course.

THANK YOU! 

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INTRODUCTION:
Over two thirds of Earth's surface is covered by water; less than a third is taken up by
land. As Earth's population continues to grow, people are putting ever-increasing
pressure on the planet's water resources. In a sense, our oceans, rivers, and other
inland waters are being "squeezed" by human activities—not so they take up less room,
but so their quality is reduced. Poorer water quality means “water pollution”

As we knew that it’s a common human problem because it is a relatively recent

development in the planet's history: before the 19th century Industrial Revolution,
people lived more in harmony with their immediate environment. As industrialization has
spread around the globe, so the problem of pollution has spread with it. Water pollution
is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water
resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It
has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and and that it
accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. [J An estimated 700
million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of
diarrhea sickness every day. 3] Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some
degree of water and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water.

WHAT IS WATER POLUTION?

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—
contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading
water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.

Water pollution can be defined in many ways. Usually, it means one or more
substances have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for
animals or people. Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can naturally clean up
a certain amount of pollution by dispersing it harmlessly. If you poured a cup of black ink
into a river, the ink would quickly disappear into the river's much larger volume of clean
water. The ink would still be there in the river, but in such a low concentration that you
would not be able to see it.

The chemicals in the ink could very quickly have an effect on the quality of the water.
This, in turn, could affect the health of all the plants, animals, and humans whose lives
depend on the water.

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TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION:
GROUND WATER:

So what is groundwater pollution? Before you can delve into what this term really
means, it’s first important to understand what makes a pollutant and what doesn’t.
Groundwater pollution comes from a lot of different places and can be found almost
everywhere around the world. Below, you’ll be introduced to several examples of
pollution as well as a few examples of contaminants. Keep in mind that just because
water has levels of contaminants present in a given sample doesn’t mean that water is
polluted. Contaminants aren’t always dangerous, especially in lower numbers. A
pollutant is a contaminant that is always dangerous.

FOLLOWING ARE THE SOME EXAMPLES OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION:

 Pesticide chemicals – Chemicals that are used in pesticides are some of the
biggest pollutants of groundwater around the world.

 Radioactive waste – Especially in areas near nuclear power plants, radioactive

waste can be a potential pollutant of groundwater. This waste is dumped, either
purposefully or accidentally, and seeps into the soil toward groundwater.

 Oil – When oil spills take place, the environment suffers seriously. t’s still very
possible for traces of oil to turn up in groundwater samples.

 Bacteria – Although some levels of bacteria are normal, and some are even
good, when bacteria pollute groundwater this can cause serious problems. Like
serious diseases bacteria. E. coli, hepatitis, dengue fever, dysentery and many
other diseases are caused by polluted groundwater.
 Parasites – Parasites are very similar to bacteria in their presence in
groundwater. When they contaminate the groundwater in a given area, the
people in that area are exposed to dangerous organisms that can enter their
intestines and do a lot of harm.

SURFACE WATER:

Surface water sources range from lake water to ponds and springs. Regardless of the
source, similar natural contaminants are to be anticipated and must be addressed by
water treatment prior to consumption. Although

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Surface water has different concerns than groundwater as groundwater is pulled out of
the ground, which acts as a natural filter, but surface water is exposed to all elements
and picks up something from anything it touches. Protozoan cysts, including both
Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, are pathogenic microorganisms which
can cause illness, specifically severe gastroenteritis.

Surface water pollution is very harmful to humans,animals and water life. The effecrs of
water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in which
locations.

 Death of aquatic (water) animal

 Diseases

 Destruction of easysystems

 Disruption of food-chains

OCEAN WATER:

Oceans are the largest water bodies on the planet Earth. Over the last few decades,
surplus human activities have severely affected the marine life on the Earth’s
oceans. Ocean pollution, also known as marine pollution, is the spreading of harmful
substances such as oil, plastic, industrial and agricultural waste and chemical particles
into the ocean. Since oceans provide home to wide variety of marine animals and
plants, it is responsibility of every citizen to play his or her part in making these oceans
clean so that marine species can thrive for long period of time.

Mining for materials such as copper and gold is a major source of contamination in the
ocean. For example, copper is a major source of pollutant in the ocean and can
interfere with the life cycles of numerous marine organisms and life.

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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION?

Some people believe pollution is an inescapable result of human activity: they argue
that if we want to have factories, cities, ships, cars, oil, and coastal resorts, some
degree of pollution is almost certain to result. In other words, pollution is a necessary
evil that people must put up with if they want to make progress. Fortunately, not
everyone agrees with this view. One reason people have woken up to the problem of
pollution is that it brings costs of its own that undermine any economic benefits that
come about by polluting.The effects of water pollution are far-reaching. Our ecosystem
is affected on every level by water contamination. Not only do we have to worry about
unhealthy particles reaching our drinking water, but also crops, animals, and our oceans
are greatly harmed by this.

 EFFECT ON ENVIORNMENT.

 ACID RAIN:

The term 'Acid Rain' was thrown around a lot in the 80's. Even though the term isn't
heard as much today, it's effect's are still very relevant. As pollutants are poured in
to our air, our atmosphere takes these and dumps those toxins back down on us in
the form of rain. Since so many of our reservoirs and lakes depend on rainfall to
remain at adequate levels, the toxins can reach our drinking water supply. Again,
trees and sensitive soil based plants will die as a result. Our water can be polluted
even without dumping pollutants in our water supply.

 FARMING:

Many people won't put much thought in to pollution until it starts to affect them
personally. Water pollution can - and will - do this. Farms can suffer as a result. The
water used to help the crops will carry any pollutants from the water to the crops
themselves. If the crops still produce, then you are putting these toxins on your dinner
table every night. The same holds true for animals. The meat you put on your table
could very easily be affected by water pollution. Since the animals are depending on
water, as well as the other crops, the pollutants are carried in the meat they produce.

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  EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH:

How does water pollution affect humans? Try drinking untreated water nowadays and
your body will immediately react to it. You will get a stomach ache at the least. Water-
borne diseases account for the deaths of 3,575,000 people a year! That’s equivalent to
a jumbo jet crashing every hour, and the majority of these are children.

Infectious diseases can be spread through contaminated water. Some of these water-
borne diseases are Typhoid, Cholera, Paratyphoid Fever, Dysentery, Jaundice,
Amoebiasis and Malaria.

 Chemicals: in the water also have negative effects on our health.

 Pesticides: can damage the nervous system and cause cancer because of
the carbonates and organophosphates that they contain. Chlorides can cause
reproductive and endocrinal damage.

 Nitrates: are especially dangerous to babies that drink formula milk. It restricts
the amount of oxygen in the brain and cause the “blue baby” syndrome .

 Lead: can accumulate in the body and damage the central nervous system.

 Arsenic: causes liver damage, skin cancer and vascular diseases.

 Flourides: in excessive amounts can make your teeth yellow and cause
damage to the spinal cord.

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 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO PREVENT WATER POLLUTON?

 WITH YOUR ACTION:

Dealing with water pollution is something that everyone (including governments
and local councils) needs to get involved with.here are a few things you can do to
help. Learning about the issues(like you are doing) is the greatest and most
essential step to take. Although It is easy to tsk-tsk the oil company with a
leaking tanker, but we’re all accountable to some degree for today’s water
pollution problem. Fortunately, there are some simple ways you can prevent
water contamination or at least limit your contribution to it:

 Reduce your plastic consumption and reuse or recycle plastic when you can.

 Properly dispose of chemical cleaners, oils, and non-biodegradable items to keep

them from ending up down the drain.

 Maintain your car so it doesn’t leak oil, antifreeze, or coolant.

 If you have a yard, consider landscaping that reduces runoff and avoid applying
pesticides and herbicides.

 If you have a pup, be sure to pick up its poop.

Many governments have very strict laws that prevent to minimize water pollution.
In many developed cities,wate or sewage treatment is very efficient,and designed
to minimize pollution of water bodies.

There are also many of organizations and groups that helps educate people on the
dangers of water pollution.It is always great to join these groups,because they

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 regularly encourage other members of their communities to have a better attitude
towards water.

 FOR EXAMPLE:

Liquid waste ( sewage/wastewater) treatment.

CONCLUSION:

Water pollution is bad and its not good for people to drink the water that’s polluted and
for all organisms that need water to survive. There are millions of people that don’t have
good clean access to water and that they even have to drink the bad polluted water for
them it survive,sewage can cause water pollution along with the toxic chemicals from
Industrial business. There’s a long way to go, but as we mature as a society and as our
technologies progress, we can improve our methods of protecting our water supply.
Right now, everyone just needs to do their share, from their end. There are a bunch of
water pollutions like toxic and organic and thermal water. And solutions to stop the
water pollutions are to clean up the garbage and keep your yard clean.To try to stop
the water pollution cleanup your yard clean.To try to stop the water pollution cleanup
your yard and make sure there is no garbage left anywhere around In the area you live
like streets and neighbourhood.

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REFERENCES:

 Wikipedia: Clean Water Act

 National Resources Defensive Council: Water
 Go Green Academy: Causes and Effect of Water Pollution
 https://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.html
 https://www.doityourself.com/stry/what-are-the-effects-of-water-pollution-on-the-
environment

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