TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page No.

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background of the study

Objectives of the study
Significance of the study
Scope and Limitation

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

REFERENCES
 The Significance of Star Apple Sap (Chrysophyllum cainito) as A Bio-
Paste Product

ABSTRACT

Glues contain synthetic chemicals such as vinyl acitate that composed of the

product of acetelyn and acetic acid. The study entitled the significance of the star apple

sap ( Chrysophyllum cainito) Bio-paste is an alternative glue.The white glue contains

the sup of the caimito together with the other organic raw materials.we can gather caimito

sap anywhere as long as theres a caimito tree. Caimito is the local name of

Chrysophyllum cainito. The caimito sap was gathered at the municipality of Pintuyan,

Southern Leyte. The sap may be seen when it was extracted from the tree or to the fruits

that we usually buy and eat from the market. The extract of the star apple contains an

alkaloid, resin and resinic acid and any other substances that were used to make glue.

The data was gathered through the set-up of 10ml of the star apple (chrysophyllum

caimito) and an adhesive glue. The set-up was composed of an experimental and a

control group. At the end of the experiment, it was found out that the 10 ml of experimental

group (star apple sap) can bond the object in a short period of time than the control group

(adhesive one).
 2018-2019

Research Plan (1A)

Required to All Project
To be Submitted to IRB/SRC The Experimentation Begins

Name of researcher/s: CATEGORY: TEAM

JUSTINE JOY F. MINDAJAO
JENNIBE VILLARUBE
ALESSANDRA JENINA GERCAN

SCHOOL: PINTUYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Fair Division: Physical Science

SCHOOL ADDRESS: P.D. Equipilag Pintuyan, Southern Leyte Tel. No.: 09561550380
Title of the Project: The Significance of Star Apple Sap (Chrysophyllum cainito) as
A Bio- Paste Product
Project Adviser: Rasmia N. Baguan

A. Problem:

Too much toxic of hazardous materials in each bottle of glue can harm the environment.
Factories emits millions of waste everyday to supply the regular production of glue to the
markets. Many rivers, lake or even the sea are now polluted. That really harms the
organism beneath the sea. Wasting money buying on an ready made toxic product, not
minding the disadvantages of that particular product. Natural resources are slowly
forgotten by the people because of the new enhanced technology that mostly people are
dependent.
B. OBJECTIVES:
This research study aims to determine what’s the ability of the star apple sap

(Chrysophyllum cainito ) in making a homemade Bio-paste. Particullarly, its

objectives were the following:

1. Produce a homemade bio-paste from the Star Apple Sap.

2. Determine the feasibility of the star apple sap as glue.

 2.1 duration of the bonding

2.2 adhesiveness of the product

3. Compare the bio-paste Star Apple Sap to the commercial one.

3.1 duration of the bonding

3.2 adhesiveness of the products

A. Materials and Methods:

*Star Apple sap collected in the locality of Pintuyan Southern Leyte

*Cornstarch

*gummamela leave extract

* commercial glue

*10 ml bottle

Collection and Preparation

The Star Apple were collected in the municipality of Pintuyan, Southern Leyte.

The sap was extracted from the leaves and tree trunk of the caimito itself. It was

placed in a small container.

Process/ Production of the Bio-paste

The Star Apple Sap, gumammela leaves extract and salt were combined

together on the small container. Boiled and stir continuously until it becomes sticky

and waited till it gets cold and placed it on the 10 ml. bottle.
Bibliography:

Star Apple Sap as a alternative Glue. (2016, Apr 21). Retrieved from

https://studymoose.com/%ef%bb%bfstar-apple-sap-as-a-alternative-glue-essay

http://sajulanpascal007.blogspot.com/2007/09/star-apple.html

https://www.studymode.com/subjects/investigatory-project-star-apple-leaves-as-paste-

page1.html

https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/star_apple.html
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

The summary of findings enumerated:

The biological properties of the utilized bio-paste in terms of:

1. Duration of bonding

2. Adhesiveness of the products

CONCLUSION

Therefore the extract of the star apple leaves and its sap can be used as paste and it

has the ability to stick to the objects even just in short period of time.

RECOMMENDATION

The following recommendations are made in the height of foregoing conclusions:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Star Apple Sap as a alternative Glue. (2016, Apr 21). Retrieved

from https://studymoose.com/%ef%bb%bfstar-apple-sap-as-a-alternative-glue-essay

http://sajulanpascal007.blogspot.com/2007/09/star-apple.html

https://www.studymode.com/subjects/investigatory-project-star-apple-leaves-as-paste-page1.html
Objectives of the study

This research study aims to determine the ability of the star apple sap
(Chrysophyllum cainito ) as a homemade Bio-paste. Particularly, its objectives were the
following:
1. Produce a homemade bio-paste from the Star Apple Sap.

2. Determine the feasibility of the star apple sap as glue.

2.1 duration of the bonding

2.2 adhesiveness of the product

3. Compare the bio-paste Star Apple Sap to the commercial one.

3.1 duration of the bonding

3.2 adhesiveness of the products

Significance of the study

The researchers want to lessen the effect caused by commercially made glue
which contains harmful substances that could be dangerous to the human health and
environment. This study is produced to help this sectors:

Community: This study will benefit consumers because they can have an
alternative source of glue.

Consumers: This will provide a low-cost yet good quality and safe bio-paste

Future Researchers: This will give them additional information about Star
Apple sap. This will also serve as a stepping stone for future advanced
researchers.
Scope and Limitations

This study is limited only to determine the feasibility of the star apple sap as glue.
This study was conducted last July-August, 2018 at the Pintuyan National High School
Laboratory.

Definition of Terms

 STAR APPLE (chrysophyllum cainito) - A tropical American tree of the

sapodilla family. One of the relatively minor fruits of the family Sapotacaea.
 VINYL ACITATE- is an organic compound with
the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor
to polyvinyl acetate, an important industrial polymer.[
 ACETELYN- is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2. It is an
hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne.]This colorless gas is widely used as a
fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is
usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless.
 RESIN- an artificial substance that is similar to natural resins and that is
used to make plastics.
ACETIC ACID- a colorless pungent liquid acid that is chief acid of vinegar and
that is used especially in synthesis (as of plastic).
 CORNSTARCH- a fine powder made from corn that is used in cooking
especially to make liquids thicker.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

One of the relatively minor fruits of the family Sapotaceae, the star apple or

goldenleaf tree, Chrysophyllum cainito L. (syn. Achras caimito Ruiz & Pavon), has

acquired a moderate assortment of regional names. The star apple tree is erect, 25 to

100 ft (8-30 m) tall, with a short trunk to 3 ft (1 m) thick, and a dense, broad crown,

brown-hairy branchlets, and white, gummy latex. The alternate, nearly evergreen,

leaves are elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 2 to 6 in (5-15 cm) long, slightly leathery, rich

green and glossy on the upper surface, coated with silky, golden-brown

pubescence beneath when mature, though silvery when young.

(https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/star_apple.html)

In some tropical countries most star apple may grow. There are many variety

names of Chrysophyllum cainito. Like in Jamaica they called it “Matrimony”. In Philippines

called it Caimito. And in America called Star Apple. It is cultivated for its edible fruit, which

of the size and shape like an apple and is named for the star- shaped core.one of the

relatively minor fruits of the family sapotacaea, the star apple or golden tree. Its color is

either violet or green.

 METHODOLOGY

A.)MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT

A.1 Star Apple Sap (chrysophyllum cainito) – main material of the study.

A.2 10 ml. container bottle- placement of the paste after the experiment.

A.3 gummamela leaves extract – for moisturizing more the Sap of the star

apple.

A.4 1 tsp. of salt- for preservation of the paste.

Preliminary Experiment

Star Apple Sap was used as the main material in the production of bio-paste.

Other materials used in the study were: gummamela leaves extract, salt, 10 ml container,

and fire. The preliminary experiment was conducted to determined the texture and the

effectiveness of the experiment. The formulation was workable used in the study to

complete the product.

Collection and Preparation of the Star Apple (chrysophyllum cainito) Sap

Gathering of the star apple

leaves and branches for the
sap.

Squeezing the leaves and

branches as long as there’s sap
extracting.

Place the gathered sap into

a small container.

Star Apple Sap extract

Figure 1: Process of the collection and preparation of Star Apple Sap

extract
PRODUCTION OF THE BIO-PASTE

The Star Apple Sap, and other materials were combined and boiled for how many

minutes for it to be stick and moist. The study were placed in a small container and placed

on the table for it should be cold. When it is already cold, test to determine whether it is

effective or not.
Star Apple Sap ( chrysophyllum cainito) as a Bio-paste

Gathering of all materials

Extracting the sap and

gummamela from the
leaves

Mixing all the ingredient

and store it on a container
place on the table

Boiling and stirring till it

moist

Applying when it cools

Figure 2: Process Flow of the research project

 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

. The star apple is a very popular fruit in many tropical parts in the world as well

here in the Philippines. It is cultivated for its comestible fruit, which is size and shape of

an apple is named for the star-shaped core. The Star apple usually comes into forms

either the dark purple skinning variety with red-purple pulp or the green skinned with clear-

white pulp. And by using Star apple sap to make a Bio-paste reduces costing a lot of

money. Particularly to the students who are commonly using paste doing school projects

and etc. (https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/star_apple.html)

Producing the Bio-paste is the alternative product to replace the toxic/ synthetic

commercial glue. Thus, the researchers of this study incorporated the idea of making bio-

paste from Star Apple sap because it contains an alkaloid, resin and resinic acid and any

other substances that were used to make glue.

 RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1

Comparative Duration of Effectiveness of the Bio-paste and a commercial one

PRODUCT REPLICATE 1 REPLICATE 2 REPLICATE 3 AVERAGE

BIO-PASTE 5 HOURS 6 HOURS 4 HOURS 5 HOURS

COMMERCIAL A DAY 5 DAYS 1 WEEK 4.3 DAYS

GLUE

The table shows the duration of bio-paste made by a star apple sap applied into a sample

paper.
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIOS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The summary of the findings is hereunder enumerated:

1. Duration of Effectiveness
The star Apple Sap Bio-paste shows that it can hold objects in a short period of
time.

CONCLUSION

As the Data shows that the Star Apple Star Bio-paste is an effective subtititute of
a commercial glue.

RECOMMENDATION

Here are some recommendation for the production of paste:

1. Other trees should also be tried.

2. If ever you don’t have cornstarch look for a flour, or a baking soda.

3. The product of Bio-paste should be developed by its natural materials.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Star Apple Sap as a alternative Glue. (2016, Apr 21). Retrieved

from https://studymoose.com/%ef%bb%bfstar-apple-sap-as-a-alternative-glue-essay

http://sajulanpascal007.blogspot.com/2007/09/star-apple.html

https://www.studymode.com/subjects/investigatory-project-star-apple-leaves-as-paste-page1.html

https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/star_apple.html
APPENDICES