ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would first like to thank Jorhat Engineering College’s

Management for providing us an opportunity to get a hands on
experience and gain practical knowledge while completing this
DME project under the course. We then thank our DME faculty,
Prof. Debarupam Gogoi, who allowed us to work over the
design project and owe our gratitude towards him for his
supportive hand in the successful competition of the project, for
taking our review on the given date and suggesting necessary
changes to be done in the project.

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SL. NO TITLE PAGE
NO.

1. Objective 3

2. Motivation 4

3. Introduction 5

4. Literature and survey 6

5. Experimental Setup 7

6. Design Parameters and 10

Calculations
7. Results and discussions 14

8. Conclusion 15

9. Reference 16

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 Objective
The objective of this project were as follows:

● Study the technical aspects related to a line shaft and

investigate methods of designing shaft.
● Apply the concepts of Strength of Materials and Design of
Machine Elements.
● Design a line shaft of a particular length and diameter.

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 MOTIVATION
In a rice mill, power from the motor is transmitted to the
processing unit by the shaft which supports the pulleys. Due
to the weight of the pulleys the shaft is subjected to a
combination of bending and torsional stress. So our motive
is to design a shaft by determining the correct diameter at
which the shaft can work properly without failure.

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 INTRODUCTION
A line shaft is a power driven rotating shaft for power
transmission that was used extensively from the Industrial
Revolution until the early 20th century. Prior to the
widespread use of electrical motors small enough to be
connect directly to each piece of machinery, line shafting
was used to distribute power from a large central power
source to machinery throughout or an industrial complex.
A typical line shaft would be suspended from the celling of
one area and would run the length of that area. One pulley
on the shaft would receive the power from the parent line
shaft elsewhere in the building. The other pulleys would
supply power to pulley on each individual machine or to
subsequent line shafts.
Power loss with the shaft vary widely and are typically
25% and often much higher; however, using roller bearing
and good quality lubrication can minimise losses but the
efficiency would still be lower compared to their single
motor driven shafts. Line shafts had multiple operations in
the past; raging from a Combustion/Steam engine to a
driven element because electric motors weren’t prevalent
back then. After the 1980s the usage of line shafts
dwindled to select areas like Mills and Paper factories
where large rolls were a necessity. Our project topic is one
of these applications of line shafts viz. the Rice mill.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sagar H. Bagade et al (2014) published a paper on a similar
ground; the design procedure for a mini dal machine recently.
Taking that into consideration and formulae by Mutalubi
Aremu Akintunde (2007) in their publication on rice polishing,
a critical analysis of the line shaft has been performed and
validated. The data for modeling the problem was taken from
experimental results of I.K. Adegun (2012) and the power for
the shaft has been taken in proportion to the number of
machines connected to it. The problem has been analyzed in
both 2D and 3D geometries with valid calculations and
formulae to back them up.

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 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The problem was considered as a typical design problem
and a similar procedure was followed.

Design Process Flow:

⮚ Recognition of Need
⮚ Problem Formulation
⮚ Approach Strategy/plan
⮚ Gathering data
⮚ Assumptions
⮚ Verification
⮚ Validation
⮚ Optimization
⮚ Presentation of results

Recognition of need: Our current topic has no pressing

needs to attend to but it is a novel way of getting
acquainted with the design process of a line shaft. The
typical application of the problem has been rendered
obsolete with the invention of portable motors. The
problem still poses a uphill task with multiple loading
conditions and end conditions.

Problem Formulation:

The main objection of the problem is to obtain a shaft

diameter at which it can sustain whirling for long periods of

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time while carrying belt drive loads. So the parameters
that need to be checked while designing are –

● Shaft length – Standard to 2m

● Distance between loads – 1m
● End support condition – Cylinder rotation support
● Loads and their direction – Belt loads horizontal,
weight vertical

Approach Strategy: To take the maximum allowable

values of stresses and get the diameter.

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RICE MILL - TIHU

9
 Design Parameter and Calculations
Input data: i) Pulley weight= 40 N , 30 N
ii) Pulley Diameter = 0.12 m, radius(rp)=.06 m
iii) Pulley belt tension ratio = 9:1
iv) Belt Thickness = 30 mm
v) Belt speed requirement(v) = 2.83 m/s
vi) Motor Power = 10000 W
Assumptions:
● Assuming belts to take loads along the horizontal
direction.
● Point loads and simple supports
● Horizontal belt drive
● No support length
● Yield stress in shear ( Sys )= 0.5 × Yield stress in
tension ( Syt )
● Strength of the shaft = 0.75 × Maximum shear stress
( Ƭmax )

Material Selection: C-40 with ,

Yield Strength in tension(Syt) = 380 N/mm2

Ultimate tensile strength (Sut) = 580 N/mm2
Elastic Modulus =2.05 × 105 N/mm2
Design Parameters and Calculations:
Yield strength in shear(Sys) = 0.5 × Syt
= 0.5 × 380 N/mm2
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 = 190 N/mm2
Maximum shear stress (Ƭmax) = 0.75 × Sys
= 0.75 × 190 N/mm2
= 142.5 N/mm2
Angular speed of the belt, ω = v/rp
= 2.83/.06
= 47.16 rad/s
P = 10000 W
Torque, Mt = P/ω = 10000/47.16 = 212.04 Nm
= 212044.1052 Nmm
Belt tension calculation:
(P1-P2)rp = Mt
⇨ (P1-P2)= 212044.1052/60 = 3534.0482 N ----------(1)
P1=9P2 -----------(2)
P1= 3975.75 N ; P2= 441.75 N
Total tension(P) = 4417.5 N
Therefore, Forces acting on the shaft:
a) Horizontal Belt force = 4417.5 N
b) Vertical pulley weight = 40 N , 30 N
For vertical case:
Rc + Rd=70 N
(500 × 40) + (1500 × 30) =2000 × Rd
⇨ Rd = 32.5 N
& Rc = 37.5 N

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 Bending Moment at A=500 × 37.5 Nmm
=18750 Nmm
Bending Moment at B = 500 × 32.5 Nmm
= 16250 Nmm
For horizontal case:
Rc + Rd = 8835 N
⇨ Rc = 4417.5 N & Rd = 4417.5 N(Symmetric Loading)
Bending moment at A and B = 500 × 4417.5
= 2208750 Nmm
Now , total bending moment at A (Ma) = √(187502+22087502)
= 2208829.583 Nmm
Total bending moment at B (Mb) =√(162502 + 22087502)
= 2208809.776 Nmm
Hence, the maximum bending moment will be Ma = 2208829.583
Nmm
Torque, Mt = 212044.1052 Nmm
Hence, d3 = 16(Mb2 + Mt2)0.5/(ΠƬmax)
= 16( 2208829.5832 + 212044.10522)0.5 /(Π× 142.5)
= 79305.9176
d = 42.96 mm

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13
 Results and Discussion
Real Case scenario: Diameter of shaft = 45mm
Experimental result : Diameter of shaft = 42.96 mm

The result obtained by the experiment is almost equal to the actual

value. Therefore, the diameter of the shaft is 42.96 mm.

14
 Conclusion
Since, the diameter of the shaft obtained by the experiment is
almost equal to the actual value, hence no modification is required in
the shaft design on the basis of our assumptions.

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 Reference
● http://google.com
● http://scholar.google.com
● Rice mill – Wikipedia
● Design Data Handbook- K. Mahadevan and K.
Balaveera Redddy
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_shaft

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