Slope Deflection Method
Slope Deflection Method
1
Slope – Deflection Equations
i P j k
w
Cj
settlement = ∆j
i P j
Mij w Mji
θi
ψ θj
2
Degrees of Freedom
M
θΑ
A B 1 DOF: θΑ
L
P
θΑ
A
B
C
2 DOF: θΑ , θΒ
θΒ
3
Stiffness
kAA 1 kBA
A B
L
4 EI
k AA =
L
2 EI
k BA =
L
4
kAB kBB
A 1 B
L
4 EI
k BB =
L
2 EI
k AB =
L
5
Fixed-End Forces
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
PL L/2 L/2 PL
8 8
L
P P
2 2
w
wL2 wL2
12 12
L
wL wL
2 2
6
General Case j k
i P
w
Cj
settlement = ∆j
i P j
Mij w Mji
θi
ψ θj
7
i P j
Mij w
Mji
θi
L settlement = ∆j
ψ θj
4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
θi + θj = M Mji = θi + θj
L L ij
L L
θj
θi
+
(MFij)∆ (MFji)∆
settlement = ∆j
+
P
w
(MFij)Load (MFji)Load
4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
M ij = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ij ) ∆ + ( M F ij ) Load , M ji = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ji ) ∆ + ( M F ji ) Load 8
L L L L
Equilibrium Equations
i P j k
w
Cj
Mji Cj M
jk
Mji Mjk
+ ΣM j = 0 : − M ji − M jk + C j = 0
9
Stiffness Coefficients
Mij i j Mji
L
θj
θi
4 EI
kii = 2 EI
L k ji = ×θ i
L
1
+
2 EI
kij = 4 EI
L k jj = ×θ j
L
1
10
Matrix Formulation
4 EI 2 EI
M ij = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ij )
L L
2 EI 4 EI
M ji = ( )θ i + ( )θ j + ( M F ji )
L L
M ij (4 EI / L) ( 2 EI / L) θ iI M ij F
M = θ + M F
ji ( 2 EI / L ) ( 4 EI / L ) j ji
kii kij
[k ] =
k ji k jj
Stiffness Matrix
11
i P j
Mij w
Mji
θi [ M ] = [ K ][θ ] + [ FEM ]
L
θj ∆j ([ M ] − [ FEM ]) = [ K ][θ ]
ψ
[θ ] = [ K ]−1[ M ] − [ FEM ]
Mij Mji
θj
θi
Fixed-end moment
+ Stiffness matrix matrix
(MFij)∆ (MFji)∆
[D] = [K]-1([Q] - [FEM])
+
P Displacement Force matrix
(MFij)Load w (MFji)Load matrix
12
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Fixed-End Support
Mi θi Mj
Real beam
i j
L
Mi + M j Mi + M j
L L
L/3 M jL Mj
2 EI EI
Conjugate beam
Mi
EI MiL
θι 2 EI
M i L 2L MiL ML
+ ΣM ' j = 0 : ( )( ) − θ i L = 0 + ↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( ) − ( i ) +θ j = 0
2 EI 3 3EI 2 EI
ML − MiL
θi = ( i ) θj =( )
3EI 6 EI
MiL 3EI
θi = 1 = ( ) → Mi =
3EI L 14
Fixed end moment : Point Load
P Real beam Conjugate beam
A B
A L B
M M
M EI EI
M
EI ML
M 2 EI
M
ML EI
P 2 EI
PL2 PL PL2
16 EI 4 EI 16 EI
ML ML 2 PL2 PL
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0 : − − + = 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 16 EI 8 15
P
PL PL
8 L 8
P P
P/2
2 2
P/2
PL/8
-PL/8 -PL/8
-
-PL/8 -PL/16
-
-PL/16
-PL/8
PL/4 − PL − PL PL PL
+ + =
+ 16 16 4 8
16
Uniform load
M
EI ML
M 2 EI
M
ML EI
2 EI
wL3 wL2 wL3
w 24 EI 8 EI 24 EI
ML ML 2 wL3 wL2
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0 : − − + = 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 24 EI 12 17
Settlements
M
Mi = Mj Real beam Mj Conjugate beam EI
L
A B
Mi + M j ∆ ∆
M
L Mi + M j
M EI
L
M
EI ML
ML
2 EI M
2 EI
M EI
ML L ML 2 L
+ ΣM B = 0 : − ∆ − ( )( ) + ( )( ) = 0,
2 EI 3 2 EI 3
6 EI∆
M= 18
L2
Pin-Supported End Span: Simple Case
P w
B
A
L
2 EI 4 EI
4 EI 2 EI θA + θB
θA + θB L L
L L
θA
θB
A + B
P
w
(FEM)AB (FEM)BA
A B
M AB = 0 = (4 EI / L)θ A + (2 EI / L)θ B + ( FEM ) AB − − − (1)
( FEM ) BA
M BA = (3EI / L)θ B + ( FEM ) BA −
2 19
Pin-Supported End Span: With End Couple and Settlement
P w
MA
B
A
L ∆
4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
θA + θB θA + θB
L L L L
θA
θB
A P B
w
(MF AB)load (MF BA)load
A B
(MF (MF BA) ∆
AB)∆ B
A
4 EI 2 EI
M AB = M A = θA + θ B + ( M AB
F
) load + ( M AB
F
) ∆ − − − (1)
L L
2 EI 4 EI
M BA = θA + θ B + ( M BA
F
)load + ( M BA
F
) ∆ − − − (2)
L L
2(2) − (1) 3EI 1 1 M
E lim inate θ A by : M BA = θ B + [( M BA
F
)load − ( M AB F
)load ] + ( M BA
F
)∆ + A
2 L 2 2 2 20
Fixed-End Moments
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
PL L/2 L/2 PL
8 8
wL2 wL2
12 12
A C
B
L1 L2
wL2
PL P PL w wL2
12
8 8 12
L L
0
4 EI 2 EI PL
M AB = θA + θB + 0 + 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 EI
2 EI 4 PL
M BA = θA + θB + 0 − 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 2
4 EI 2 EI P2 L2 wL2
M BC = θB + θC + 0 + +
L2 L2 8 12
0 2
2 EI 4 EI − P2 L2 wL2
M CB = θB + θC + 0 + −
L2 L2 8 12
22
CB P2
P1 w
A C
B
L1 L2
MBA CB M
BC
2 EI 4 EI PL
M BA = θA + θB + 0 − 1 1
L1 L1 8
2
4 EI 2 EI P L wL
M BC = θB + θC + 0 + 2 2 + 2
L2 L2 8 12
+ ΣM B = 0 : C B − M BA − M BC = 0 → Solve for θ B
23
CB P2
P1 w
MBA
MAB
A C M
CB
B MBC
L1 L2
0
4 EI 2 EI PL
M AB = θA + θB + 0 + 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 EI
2 EI 4 PL
M BA = θA + θB + 0 − 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 2
4 EI 2 EI P2 L2 wL2
M BC = θB + θC + 0 + +
L2 L2 8 12
0 2
2 EI 4 EI − P2 L2 wL2
M CB = θB + θC + 0 + −
L2 L2 8 12
24
CB P2
P1 w
MBA
MAB
MCB
A MBC C
Ay B Cy
L1 L2
By = ByL + ByR
B C
P1 P2
MBA MCB
MAB A B MBC
Ay ByL ByR Cy
L1 L2
25
Example of Beams
26
Example 1
10 kN 6 kN/m
A C
4m 4m B 6m
27
10 kN 6 kN/m
A C
4m 4m B 6m
PL P wL2 wL2
8 PL w
8 30 20
FEM
MBA MBC
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]
B
0
4 EI 2 EI (10)(8) + ΣM B = 0 : − M BA − M BC = 0
M AB = θA + θB +
8 8 8
0 4 EI 4 EI (6)(6 2 )
2 EI 4 EI (10)(8) ( + )θ B − 10 + =0
M BA = θA + θB − 8 6 30
8 8 8
2.4
0 θB =
4 EI 2 EI (6)(6 2 ) EI
M BC = θB + θC +
6 6 30 Substitute θB in the moment equations:
0 MAB = 10.6 kN•m, MBC = 8.8 kN•m
2 EI 4 EI (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB + θC −
6 6 20 MBA = - 8.8 kN•m, MCB = -10 kN•m 28
10 kN 6 kN/m
8.8 kN•m
10.6 kN•m C
A 10 kN•m
8.8 kN•m
4m 4m B 6m
10 kN 18 kN
6 kN/m
A B 8.8 kN•m B
10.6 kN•m
10 kN•m
8.8 kN•m
Ay = 5.23 kN ByL = 4.78 kN ByR = 5.8 kN Cy = 12.2 kN
29
10 kN 6 kN/m
10.6 kN•m 10 kN•m
A C
5.23 kN 4m 4m B 6m 12.2 kN
5.8
5.23
V (kN)
+ + x (m)
-
-
- 4.78
10.3 -12.2
M
(kN•m) + x (m)
- - -
-10.6 -8.8 -10
2.4
θB =
EI
Deflected shape x (m)
30
Example 2
10 kN 6 kN/m
A C
4m 4m B 6m
31
10 kN 6 kN/m
A C
4m 4m B 6m
PL P wL2 wL2
8 PL w
8 30 20
FEM
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM] 10
0 4 EI 2 EI (10)(8)
M AB = θA + θB + − − − (1)
8 8 8 10
2 EI 4 EI (10)(8)
M BA = θA + θB − − − − (2)
8 8 8
4 EI 2 EI 0 (6)(6 2 )
M BC = θB + θC + − − − (3)
6 6 30
2 EI 4 EI 0 (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB + θC − − − − (4)
6 6 20
6 EI
2(2) − (1) : 2 M BA = θ B − 30
8
3EI
M BA = θ B − 15 − − − (5)
8 32
MBA MBC
B
4 EI (6)(6 2 ) Substitute θA and θB in (5), (3) and (4):
M BC = θB + − − − (3)
6 30
2
MBA = - 12.19 kN•m
2 EI (6)(6)
M CB = θB − − − − (4)
6 20 MBC = 12.19 kN•m
3EI
M BA = θ B − 15 − − − (5) MCB = - 8.30 kN•m
8
+ ΣM B = 0 : − M BA − M BC = 0
3EI 4 EI (6)(6 2 )
( + )θ B − 15 + = 0 − − − (6 )
8 6 30
7.488
θB =
EI
4 EI 2 EI
Substitute θ B in (1) : 0 = θA + θ B − 10
8 8
− 23.74
θA =
EI 33
10 kN 6 kN/m
12.19 kN•m
A C 8.30 kN•m
12.19 kN•m
4m 4m B 6m
2m
10 kN 18 kN
6 kN/m
B
A B 12.19 kN•m
C
8.30 kN•m
12.19 kN•m
Ay = 3.48 kN ByL = 6.52 kN ByR = 6.65 kN Cy = 11.35 kN
34
10 kN 6 kN/m
A C
3.48 kN 4m 4m B 6m 11.35 kN
6.65
V (kN) 3.48
x (m)
- 6.52
-11.35
14
M
(kN•m) x (m)
-8.3
-12.2 7.49
θB =
EI
Deflected shape x (m)
− 23.74
θA = 35
EI
Example 3
10 kN 4 kN/m
A C
2EI 3EI
B
4m 4m 6m
36
10 kN 4 kN/m
A C
2EI 3EI
(10)(8)/8 (10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12 (4)(62)/12
4m 4m 6m
0 10
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) (10)(8)
M AB = θA + θB + − − − (1)
8 8 8 10
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) (10)(8)
M BA = θA + θB − − − − (2)
8 8 15 8
2(2) − (1) 3(2 EI ) (3 / 2)(10)(8)
: M BA = θB − − − − ( 2a )
2 8 8
12
4(3EI ) (4)(6 2 )
M BC = θB + − − − (3)
6 12
37
10 kN 4 kN/m
A C
2EI 3EI
(3/2)(10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12 (4)(62)/12
4m 4m 6m
15
3(2 EI ) (3 / 2)(10)(8)
M BA = θB − − − − ( 2a )
8 8
12
2
4(3EI ) (4)(6 )
M BC = θB + − − − (3)
6 12
− M BA − M BC = 0 : 2.75EIθ B = −12 + 15 = 3
θ B = 1.091 / EI
3(2 EI ) 1.091
M BA = ( ) − 15 = −14.18 kN • m
8 EI
4(3EI ) 1.091
M BC = ( ) − 12 = 14.18 kN • m
6 EI
2(3EI )
M CB = θ B − 12 = −10.91 kN • m
6 38
10 kN 4 kN/m
A C 10.91
2EI 14.18 14.18 3EI
B
4m 4m 6m
10 kN 24 kN
4 kN/m
A B 14.18 kN•m
140.18 kN•m 10.91 kN•m
C
Ay = 3.23 kN ByL = 6.73 kN ByR = 12.55 kN Cy = 11.46 kN
39
10 kN 4 kN/m
A C 10.91 kN•m
2EI 3EI
3.23 kN B
4m 4m 6m 11.46 kN
40
Example 4
10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m
A C
2EI 3EI
B
4m 4m 6m
41
10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m
A C
2EI 3EI
1.5PL/8 = 15 B wL /12 = 12 wL2/12 = 12
2
4m 4m 6m
3(2 EI ) 0 -3.273/EI
M BA = θ B − 15 − − − (1) 4(2 EI ) 2(3EI ) (10)(8)
8 M AB = θA + θB +
4(3EI ) 8 8 8
M BC = θ B + 12 − − − (2) 7.21
6 θA = −
EI
2(3EI )
M CB = θ B − 12 − − − (3) 3.273
6 M BA = 0.75 EI ( − ) − 15 = −17.45 kN • m
12 kN•m EI
MBA M BA 3.273
M BC = 2 EI (− ) + 12 = 5.45 kN • m
EI
B MBC MBC 3.273
M CB = EI (− ) − 12 = −15.27 kN • m
EI
Jo int B : − M BA − M BC − 12 = 0
3.273
θB = − 42
EI
3.273
M BA = 0.75EI ( − ) − 15 = −17.45 kN • m
EI
3.273
M BC = 2 EI (− ) + 12 = 5.45 kN • m
EI
3.273
M CB = EI ( − ) − 12 = −15.27 kN • m
EI
10 kN 24 kN
4 kN/m
A B 5.45 kN•m
17.45 kN•m
15.27 kN•m
C
2.82 kN 7.18 kN 10.36 kN 13.64 kN
10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m
A C 15.27 kN•m
B
2.82 kN 13.64 kN
17.54 kN
43
10 kN 12 kN•m 4 kN/m
A C 15.27 kN•m
2EI 3EI
2.82 kN B 7.21
17.54 kN 13.64 kN θ A = −
4m 4m 6m EI
3.273
θB = −
10.36 EI
V (kN) 2.82
+ + 3.41 m x (m)
- -
-7.18
-13.64
11.28 7.98
M
(kN•m) + + x (m)
- -5.45 -
-17.45 -15.27
10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm
4m 4m 6m
45
10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm 6 EI∆
4m 4m 6m
6 EI∆ A L2
L2 6 EI∆ 6 EI∆
∆ L2 L2
∆
[FEM]∆ C
B wL 2 B wL2
PL P PL w
8 8 30 30
[FEM]load
-12
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M AB = θA + θB + + − − − (1)
8 8 82 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M BA = θA + θB + − − − − ( 2)
8 8 82 8
0
4(3EI ) 2(3EI ) 6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6 2 )
M BC = θB + θC − 2
+ − − − (3)
6 6 0 6 30
2(3EI ) 4(3EI ) 6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6) 2
M CB = θB + θC − 2
− − − − (4)
6 6 6 30 46
10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm
4m 4m 6m
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
M AB = θA + θ B + 75 + 10 − − − (1)
8 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = θA + θ B + 75 − 10 − − − (2)
8 8
16.5
2(2) − (1) 3(2 EI )
: M BA = θ B + 75 − (75 / 2) − 10 − (10 / 2) − 12 / 2 − − − (2a )
2 8
47
10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm
4m 4m 6m
4m 4m 6m
10 kN 18 kN
12 kN•m
64.58 kN•m 6 kN/m
64.58 kN•m
A B 146.69 kN•m
B C
49
10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kN•m
A C 146.69 kN•m
2EI 3EI
11.57 kN B
4m 6m 47.21 kN
4m
θA = -129.06/EI
1.57 + 29.21 = 30.78 kN θB = 64.109/ EI
V (kN) 11.57
1.57
+ x (m)
-
-29.21
-47.21
58.29 64.58
12
M
+ x (m)
(kN•m)
-
-146.69
Deflected shape x (m)
10 mm
θA = -129.06/EI θB = 64.109/ EI 50
Example 6
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the slope-deflection
method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape. (3 points)
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
51
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
6 kN/m
6(32 )
= 4.5 4.5
12
C MFw A
6(1.5 × 200 × 50)(0.01) C
32
0.01 m
= 100 kN • m 100 kN • m
MF∆
A
4(2 EI )
M CB = θC − − − (1)
3
4(1.5EI ) 2(1.5 EI )
M CA = θC + θ A + 4.5 + 100 − − − (2)
3 3
12
2(1.5EI ) 4(1.5 EI )
M AC = θC + θ A − 4.5 + 100 − − − (3)
3 3
2(2) − (2) 3(1.5EI ) 3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA = θC + + + − − − ( 2a )
2 3 2 2 2 52
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
4(2 EI )
M CB = θ C − − − (1)
3
3(1.5 EI ) 3(4.5) 100 12
M CA = θC + + + − − − ( 2a )
3 2 2 2
• Equilibrium equation:
MCB MCA
M CB + M CA = 0
(8 + 4.5) EI 3(4.5) 100 12
C θ C + + + =0
3 2 2 2
− 15.06
θC = = −0.0015 rad
EI
Substitute θC in eq.(3) 2(1.5 EI ) − 15.06 4(1.5 EI )
12 = ( )+ θ A − 4.5 + 100 − − − (3)
3 EI 3
− 34.22
θA = = −0.0034 rad
EI 53
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
− 15.06 − 34.22
θC = = −0.0015 rad θ A = = −0.0034 rad
EI EI
2(2 EI ) 2( 2 EI ) − 15.06
M BC = θC = ( ) = −20.08 kN • m
3 3 EI
4(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) − 15.06
M CB = θC = ( ) = −40.16 kN • m
3 3 EI
20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m
B C
40.16 + 20.08
20.08 kN = 20.08 kN
3
18 kN
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
40.16 kN•m
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
54
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
θ C = −0.0015 rad B
A
C 1.5EI 10 mm
θ A = −0.0034 rad 2EI
3m 3m
20.08 kN•m 40.16 kN•m
B C
20.08 kN 20.08 kN 12 kN•m
6 kN/m
40.16 kN•m
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
V (kN) 26.39
+ 8.39
x (m)
-
M (kN•m) -20.08
20.08 12
x (m)
-40.16
Deflected shape θ C = 0.0015 rad
x (m)
θ A = 0.0034 rad 55
Example 7
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
56
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
C EI∆ C C
B ∆C ∆C 6(1.5 EI ) ∆ C
4 EI∆ C = EI∆ C
2
3 6 kN/m A 3
6( 2 EI )∆ C 4 EI∆ C
= 6(32 )
3 2
3 4.5 = 4.5
C A 12
100 C
2(2 EI ) 4 EI 6(1.5 × 200 × 50)(0.01)
M BC = θC − ∆C − − − (1) 0.01 m
3 3 32
4(2 EI ) 4 EI A = 100 kN • m
M CB = θC − ∆C − − − (2)
3 3
4(1.5 EI ) 2(1.5EI )
M CA = θC + θ A + EI∆ C + 4.5 + 100 − −(3)
3 3
12
2(1.5 EI ) 4(1.5 EI )
M AC = θC + θ A + EI∆ C − 4.5 + 100 − −(4)
3 3
2(3) − (4) 3(1.5 EI ) EI 3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA = θ C + ∆C + + + − − − (3a) 57
2 3 2 2 2 2
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
• Equilibrium equation: 18 kN
12 kN•m
6 kN/m
MBC MCB MCA
B C C A
Ay
By M BC + M CB M + 12 + 18(1.5) M CA + 39
(C y ) CB = −( ) (C y ) CA = CA =
3 3 3
MCB MCA
ΣM C = 0 : M CB + M CA = 0 − − − (1*)
ΣC y = 0 : (C y ) CB + (C y ) CA = 0 − − − (2*)
C
(Cy)CB (Cy)CA
-35.68
Deflected shape ∆ C = 5.227 mm
x (m)
θ C = 0.00255 rad
θ A = 0.000286 rad
60
Example of Frame: No Sidesway
61
Example 6
10 kN 12 kN/m
C
B 2EI
3m
3EI
40 kN
3m
A
1m 6m
62
10 kN 36/2 = 18 12 kN/m
• Equilibrium equations
C
10
B 36 2EI 2
3m PL/8 = 30 (wL /12 ) =36 MBC
3EI
40 kN MBA
3m
A PL/8 = 30 10 − M BA − M BC = 0 − − − (1*)
10 − 3EIθ B + 30 − 54 = 0
• Slope-Deflection Equations
− 14 − 4.667
2(3EI ) θB = =
M AB = θ B + 30 − − − (1) (3EI ) EI
6
− 4.667
4(3EI ) Substitute θ B = in (1) to (3)
M BA = θ B − 30 − − − (2) EI
6
M AB = 25.33 kN • m
3( 2 EI )
M BC = θ B + 36 + 18 − − − (3) M BA = −39.33 kN • m
6
M BC = 49.33 kN • m
63
10 kN 12 kN/m 20.58
C
10 -39.3
B 49.33 2EI -49.33
3m 39.33
3EI MAB = 25.33 kN•m 27.7
40 kN
40 kN
A 17.67 kN
Deflected curve
25.33 64
Example 7
25 kN
5 kN/m
B E
240(106) mm4 C 180(106)
5m
120(106) mm4 60(106) mm4
A D
3m 3m 4m
65
25 kN
5 kN/m
PL/8 = 18.75 18.75
B E
240(106) mm4 C 180(106)
6.667+ 3.333 (wL2/12 ) = 6.667
5m
120(106) mm4 60(106) mm4
A D
3m 3m 4m
0
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
M AB = θA + θB
5 5 M BA + M BC = 0
0
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = θA + θB 8 16 8
5 5 ( + ) EIθ B + ( ) EIθ C = −18.75 − − − (1)
5 6 6
4( 4 EI ) 2(4 EI )
M BC = θB + θ C + 18.75
6 6 M CB + M CD + M CE = 0
2(4 EI ) 4(4 EI ) 8 16 3 9
M CB = θB + θ C − 18.75 ( ) EIθ B + ( + + ) EIθ C = 8.75 − − − (2)
6 6 6 6 5 4
3( EI )
M CD = θC − 5.29 2.86
5 From (1) and (2) : θ B = θC =
EI EI
3(3EI )
M CE = θ C + 10 66
4
Substitute θB = -1.11/EI, θc = -20.59/EI below
67
MAB = -4.23 kN•m, MBA = -8.46 kN•m, MBC = 8.46 kN•m, MCB = -18.18 kN•m,
MCD = 1.72 kN•m, MCE = 16.44 kN•m
20 kN
25 kN
16.44 kN•m
2.54 kN B 3m 3m C 2.54 kN 2.54-0.34 C E 2.2 kN
10.88 kN 14.12+14.11=28.23 kN
8.46 kN•m 1.72 kN•m
B B (1.72)/5 = 0.34 kN
(8.46 + 4.23)/5
= 2.54 kN
5m 5m
A 2.54 kN A 0.34 kN
4.23 kN•m
10.88 kN 28.23 kN
68
24.18
14.11 1.29 m 2.33 m
10.88
1.18 m +
+ 0.78 m 3.46
+
1.72 +
-2.54 -
2.82 m -8.46 -
- -
-5.89 -8.46 - 1.18 m
- -14.12 -16.44
+
-18.18
1.67m
-2.54 0.34 + Moment diagram
4.23
Shear diagram
1.29 m 2.33 m
0.78 m
θB = −5.29/EI 1.18 m
θC = 2.86/EI
1.67m
Deflected curve 69
Example of Frames: Sidesway
70
Example 8
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame and draw the quantitative
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve . The joints at A and
D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin-connected. EI is constant for each member
3m
B C
1m
10 kN
3m
A D
71
• Overview
C • Unknowns
B
1m
10 kN θB and ∆
• Boundary Conditions
3m
MDC θA = θD = 0
MAB
A Ax D D
x • Equilibrium Conditions
3m
- Joint B
Ay Dy
B
MBA MBC
ΣM B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*)
- Entire Frame
+
→ ΣFx = 0 : 10 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
72
∆ ∆ MAB
(0.375EI∆)∆
B C
1m B C
10 kN (0.375EI∆)∆ 10 kN
(5.625)load
4m 4m
3m
(1.875)load (1/2)(0.375EI∆)∆
(0.375EI∆)∆ A D
A D Ax Dx
(0.375EI∆)∆
3m
A 15.88 D A D
8.42
Bending moment diagram Deflected curve 75
Example 9
B C pin
2 EI
10 kN
EI 2.5 EI 4m
2m
A D
4m 3m
76
• Overview
C´
B ∆ 2EI ∆ CD • Unknowns
∆BC
B´ C ∆ θB and ∆
10 kN
EI 2.5EI 4m • Boundary Conditions
2m MDC
MAB
A Ax Dx θA = θD = 0
D
Ay Dy
4m 3m • Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B
B
MBA MBC
ΣM B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*)
- Entire Frame
+
→ ΣFx = 0 : 10 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
77
• Slope-Deflection Equation
C´
B ∆ ∆ CD = ∆ / cos 36.87° = 1.25 ∆
5 ∆BC
C´
B´ 2EI C ∆ ∆CD
10 kN 36.87° ∆BC = ∆ tan 36.87° = 0.75 ∆
EI 2.5EI 4m 36.87°
2m C ∆
PL/8 = 5 D
A
4m 3m 2( EI )
M AB = θ B + 0.375EI∆ + 5 − − − (1)
0.375EI∆ 4
(6)(2.5EI)(1.25∆)/(5)2 = 0.75EI∆
4( EI )
B C´ M BA = θ B + 0.375EI∆ − 5 − − − (2)
4
∆´ ∆CD= 1.25 ∆
B´ C 3(2 EI )
M BC = θ B − 0.2813EI∆ − − − (3)
4
M DC = 0.375EI∆ − − − (4)
A
D
0.75EI∆ (1/2) 0.75EI∆
6EI∆/(4) 2= 0.375EI∆
C´ (6)(2EI)(0.75∆)/(4) 2 = 0.5625EI∆
0.5625EI∆
B ∆BC= 0.75 ∆
B´ C
(1/2) 0.5625EI∆
78
• Horizontal reactions
B 2 EI pin
C
10 kN
EI 2.5 EI 4m
2m
A D
4m 3m
MBC B C
MBA
MBC
B
MBC 4
10 kN
4
C
A Ax = (MBA+ MAB-20)/4 -----(5)
MAB Dx= (MDC-(3/4)MBC)/4 ---(6)
D
MDC
MBC/4 79
Equilibrium Conditions: • Solve equations
5.35 θB=1.45/EI
5.46
A 11.19 A
D D
81
Example 10
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected curve.
20 kN/m 3m
B pin
C
3EI
3m 2EI
4EI 4m
A
D
82
• Overview
∆ ∆ • Unknowns
B
θB and ∆
20 kN/m C
3EI
• Boundary Conditions
3m 2EI 4EI θA = θD = 0
4m
• Equilibrium Conditions
A - Joint B
[FEM]load D B
3m
MBA MBC
ΣM B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 − − − (1*)
- Entire Frame
+
→ ΣFx = 0 : 60 − Ax − Dx = 0 − − − (2*)
83
• Slope-Deflection Equation
3m ∆ ∆
B B C
20 kN/m C 6(2EI∆)/(3)
2
MAB
C
B + ΣM B = 0 :
1.5 m M BA + M AB + 60(1.5)
60 kN Ax =
4m 3
Ax = 1.333EIθ B + 0.889 EI∆ + 30 − − − (5)
1.5 m
A
Ax D Dx + ΣMC = 0:
MDC M DC
MBA Dx = = 0.188EI∆ − − − (6)
4
85
Equilibrium Conditions • Solve equation
53.48 kN Ax = 53.48 kN
A 26 kN•m Dx = 6.52 kN
5.55 kN D
6.52 kN
5.55 kN
16.52 ∆ ∆
16.52 C
B C B
53.87
A A
26. Deflected shape
Moment diagram 87
D D